SAĞLIK KURUMLARINDA ÇALIŞAN PERSONELİN İŞ STRESİ, YORGUNLUK VE TÜKENMİŞLİK İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Araştırma Isparta’daki bazı sağlık kurumlarında yürütülmüştür. Sağlık personelinin iş yükü, yorgunluk ve tükenmişlik ilişkisini belirlemeye dönük bu çalışma hasta ile doğrudan ilişkili çalışan hekim, hemşire ve yardımcı personel üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının iş stresi, yorgunluk ve tükenmişliğini belirlemede İsveç İş Yükü-Kontrol-Destek Anketi, Merhamet Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. İş stresi, yorgunluk ve tükenmişlik ilişkisini belirlemede korelasyon analizi; meslek, cinsiyet, yaş, deneyim, zorlanma durumu ve işin zorluk derecesinin iş stresi, yorgunluk ve tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisini belirlemede varyans analizi ve t testi uygulanmıştır.

Araştırma sonucunda Merhamet Ölçeği ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği alt boyutları arasında yüksek korelasyon izlenmektedir. Özellikle duyarsızlaşma alt boyutu ile Merhamet Ölçeği alt boyutları arasındaki korelasyon yüksektir (p<0,01). Yaş ilerledikçe (p<0,01) ve eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe iş yükü azalmakta (p<0,05), iş kontrolü (p<0,01) artmaktadır. Düşük eğitim, düşük gelir ve fiziksel zorlanma yardımcı personelin iş stresini artırmaktadır. Hemşirelerin (p<0,01) sosyal destek gereksinimi hekim ve yardımcı personelden daha yüksektir. Zorlanma arttıkça iş yükü (p<0,01) ve sosyal destek gereksinimi (p<0,01) artmakta; yaş ilerledikçe duygusal tükenme azalmakta (p<0,02) ve kişisel başarısızlık artmakta (p<0,01); eğitim yükseldikçe duygusal tükenme artmaktadır (p<0,01).   

Keywords

• Sağlık Kurumu,Personel,İş Stresi,Yorgunluk,Tükenmişlik

WORK LOAD, FATIGUE AND BURNOUT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HEALTH PER-SONNEL

Abstract

The research was conducted in some health institutions in Isparta. This study aimed to determine the relationship of workload, fatigue and exhaustion of health person-nel to physicians, nurses and helpful staff directly related to the patient. The Swedish Work Load-Control-Support Questionnaire, the Compassion Questionnaire, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to determine healthcare workers' work stress, fatigue and exhaustion. Correlation analysis in determining the relati-onship between work stress, fatigue and burnout; variance analysis and t test were used to determine the degree of job stress, gender, age, experience, strain and job difficulty on job stress, fatigue and burnout.

As a result of the research, there is a high correlation between the Compassion Scale and Maslach Burnout Scale subscales. In particular, the correlation between the de-personalization subscale and the Compassion Scale subscales was high (p<0.01). As age progressed (p<0.01) and as education level increased, workload decreased (p<0,05) and work control increased (p<0.01). Low education, low income and phy-sical strain are increasing job stress of the helpful staff. Nurses (p<0.01) had higher social support needs than doctors and helpful staff. Work load (p<0.01) and social support requirement (p<0.01) increase with increasing difficulty; As age progres-sed, emotional exhaustion decreased (p<0,02) and personal failure increased (p<0.01); emotional exhaustion increases as education increases (p<0.01).

Keywords

• Health Authority,Personnel,Work stress,Fatigue,Burnout

References

1. Abbaszadeh, A., Elmi, A., Borhani, F. & Sefidkar, R. (2017). The relationship between “compassion fatigue” and “burnout” among nurses. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(4), 869-873.
2. Aiken, L.H., Clarke, S.P., Sloane, D.M., Sochalski, J.A., Busse, R., Clarke, H., Giovannetti, P., Hunt, J., Rafferty, A.M. & Shamian, J. (2001). Nurses’ reports on hospital care in five countries. Health Affairs, 20, 43–53.
3. Aiken, L.H., Clarke, S.P., Sloane, D.M., Sochalski, J, & Silber, J.H. (2002). Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. J Am Med Assoc, 288(16), 1987-1993.
4. Atasoy, A. & Yorgun, S. (2011). Sağlık çalışanlarında iş gerilimi ve iş stres düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi. Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Dergisi, 71-88.
5. Birgili, F., Salış, F. & Özdemir, S. (2010). Sağlık çalışanlarının iş doyumunu etkileyen bazı etmenlerin incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(2), 27-37.
6. Crocker, J. & Canevello, A. (2008). Creating and undermining social support in communal Relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 555–575.
7. Çam, E. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin uygulanması. 7. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları. (s.143-154).
8. Demiral, Y., Ünal, B., Kılıç, B., Soysal, A., Bilgin, A.C., Uçku, R. & Theorell, T. (2007). İş stresi ölçeğinin İzmir Konak Belediyesi’nde çalışan erkek işçilerde geçerlik ve güvenilirliğinin incelenmesi. Toplum Hekimliği Bülteni, 26(1), 11-18.

9. Düzyürek, S. & Ünlüoğlu, G. (1992), Hekimlerde tükenmişlik sendromu. Psikiyatri Bülteni, 1, 108-113.
10. Ergin, C. (1993). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğinin uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları, 22-25 Eylül 1993, Ankara.
11. Felli, V.E.A., Mininel, V.A., Sarquis, L.M.M., Bernardino, E. & Cruz, E.B.S.L. (2007). Monitoramento da sa˙de do trabalhador de enfermagem: Promovendo a qualidade de vida no trabalho. In: Anais do 14º Semin•rio Nacional de Pesquisa em Enfermagem; 2007; FlorianÛpolis(SC), Brasil. FlorianÛpolis: AB-En-SeÁ„o-ABEn-SC.
12. Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion and cruelty: A biopsychosocial approach. In P. Gilbert (Ed), Compassion: Conceptualisations, Research and Use in Psychotherapy. (pp.9-74). Routledge: London.
13. Gilbert, P. & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism: A pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(6), 353-379.
14. Hansen, A.M., Larsen, A.D., Rugulies, R., Garde, A.H. & Knudsen, L.E. (2009). A review of the effect of the psychosocial working environment on physiological changes in blood and urine. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 105, 73–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00444.x
15. http://www.personneltoday.com/hr/fatigue-at-work-and-employee-health-a-guide/ (2015). Managing workplace fatigue. Erişim: 11.09. 2017
16. Hutcherson, C.A., Seppala, E.M. & Gross, J.J. (2008). Loving-kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8(5), 720-724.
17. Jennings, B.M. (2008). Work stress and burnout among nurses: role of the work environment and working conditions. Patient Safety and Quality An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses, Ed: R.G. Hughes. (p.137-158).
18. Kowalski, C., Ommen, O., Driller, E., Ernstmann, N., Wirtz, M.A., Kohler, T. & Pfaff, H. (2010). Burnout in nurses - the relationship between social capital in hospitals and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 1654-1663. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009. 02989.x
19. Krause, N. & Shaw, B. A. (2000). Giving social support to others, socioeconomic status, and changes in selfesteem in late life. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 55(6), 323-333.
20. Lasalvia, A., Bonetto, C., Bertani, M., Bissoli, S., Cristofalo, D., Marrella, G. et al, (2009). Influence of perceived organisational factors on job burnout: survey of community mental health staff. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 537–544. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108. 060871
21. Laschinger, H.K., Finegan, J., Shamian, J., et al. (2001). Impact of structural and psychological empowerment on job strain in nursing work settings. Expanding Kanter’s model. J Nurs Adm, 31(5), 260-272.
22. Lemay, E.P. & Clark, M.S. (2008). How the head liberates the heart: Projection of communal responsiveness guides relationship promotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(4), 647–671.
23. LeSergent, C.M. & Haney, C.J. (2005). Rural hos-pital nurse’s stressors and coping strategies: a survey. Internatl J Nurs Studies, 42, 315-324.
24. Leveck, M.L. & Jones, C.B. (1996). The nursing practice environment, staff retention, and quality of care. Res Nurs Health, 19, 331-343.
25. Lutz, A., Greischar, L.L., Rawlings, N.B., Ricard, M. & Davidson, R.J. (2004). Long-term meditators selfinduce high-amplitude gamma synchrony during mental practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(46), 16369–16373.
26. Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 99-113. doi:10. 1002/job.4030020205
27. Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1984). Burnout in organizational settings. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 5, 133–153.
28. Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory. Second Edition. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
29. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B. & Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52. 1.397
30. Nedic, O., Jocic, N., Filipovic, D. & Solak, Z. (2002). A sense of responsibility in health personnel as a cause of work-related stress. Med Pregl, 55(3-4): 97-103
31. Noosorn, N. & Wongwat, R. (2010). Predictors of burnout among community health personnel of primary care units in the Northern region of Thailand. Journal of Neuroscience and Behavioural Health, 2(2), 18-22.
32. Pommier, E.A. (2010). Development of a Scale to Measure Compassion. University of Texas, Doctor of Philosophy. Austin.
33. Portoghese, I., Galletta, M., Coppola, R.C., Finco, G. & Campagna, M. (2014). Burnout and workload among health care workers: The moderating role of job control. Safety and Health at Work, 5, 152-157.
34. Sapia, T., Felli, V.E.A. & Ciampone, M.H.T. (2009). Health problems among outpatient nursing personnel with a high physiological workload. Acta Paul Enferm, 22(6):808-813.
35. Scott, L.D., Rogers, A.E., Hwang, W.T. & Zhang, Y. (2006). Effects of critical care nurses’ work hours on vigilance and patients’ safety. American Journal of Critical Care, 13(1), 30-37.
36. Shapiro, S.L., Brown, K.W. & Biegel, G.M. (2007). Teaching self-care to caregivers: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 1(12), 105–115.
37. Smith, L., Folkard, S., Tucker, P. & Macdonald, I. (1998). Work shift duration: A review comparing eight hour and 12 hour shift systems. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55, 217-229.
38. Sprecher, S. & Fehr, B. (2005). Compassionate love for close others and humanity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 629-651.
39. Sunter, A.T., Canbaz, S., Dabak, Ş., Öz, H. & Pekşen, Y. (2006). Pratisyen hekimlerde tükenmişlik, işe bağlı gerginlik ve iş doyumu düzeyleri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 16(1), 9-14.
40. van der Hulst, M. (2003). Long work hours and health. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 29, 171-188.
41. Wright, T.A. & Bonett, D.G. (1997). The contribu-tion of burnout to work performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 491-499.