Analysis of Thermotherapy with Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Cancer Tissues and Comparison with NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4

Abstract

Treatment of cancer, the most common and deadly disease worldwide, requires more targeted and effective methods due to the fact that conventional methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also damage healthy tissues. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer a promising approach for selective heating and destruction of tumor cells, especially in magnetic hyperthermia (thermotherapy) applications. In this study, researchers numerically investigated the thermotherapy effects of magnetic iron hydroxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) on cancer tissues, comparing them with NiFe₂O₄ and CoFe₂O₄ NPs. The thermal behaviors, magnetic field parameters, and treatment efficacy of MNPs were evaluated. In the simulations, the time- and space-dependent temperature distributions of the NPs in the injection site were evaluated; temperature changes were recorded for a period of 70 seconds and for various radial distances and angular positions. In addition, the NP density formed 18 hours after injection was analyzed, and the capacity of the particles to spread in the tissue was observed. According to the findings, NiFe₂O₄ provided the highest temperature increase (~39–40°C) and the most homogeneous thermal distribution, while CoFe₂O₄ showed the medium level (~37–38°C) and Fe₃O₄ the lowest (~34–35°C) thermal efficiency. Diffusion analyses revealed that NiFe₂O₄ spread over a wider area in the tissue, whereas Fe₃O₄ remained more localized. These results show that NiFe₂O₄ is the most suitable candidate for thermotherapy in terms of both its thermal efficiency and diffusion potential.

Keywords

• Magnetic nanoparticles
• iron hydroxide
• thermotherapy
• cancer treatment
• magnetic field

Kanser Dokularında Manyetik Fe3O4 Nanopartikülleriyle Termoterapinin Analizi ve NiFe2O4 ve CoFe2O4 ile Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Dünya genelinde en sık görülen ve ölümcül hastalık olan kanserin tedavisi, kemoterapi ve radyoterapi gibi konvansiyonel yöntemlerin sağlıklı dokulara da zarar vermesi nedeniyle daha hedefli ve etkili yöntemler gerektirmektedir. Manyetik nanopartiküller (MNP'ler), özellikle manyetik hipertermi (termoterapi) uygulamalarında tümör hücrelerinin seçici ısıtılması ve yok edilmesi için umut verici bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada araştırmacılar, manyetik demir hidroksit (Fe3O4) nanopartiküllerinin (NP'ler) kanser dokuları üzerindeki termoterapi etkilerini sayısal olarak incelemiş ve bunları NiFe₂O₄ ve CoFe₂O₄ NP'leri ile karşılaştırmışlardır. MNP'lerin termal davranışları, manyetik alan parametreleri ve tedavi etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Simülasyonlarda, NP'lerin enjeksiyon bölgesindeki zamana ve mekana bağlı sıcaklık dağılımları değerlendirilmiş; sıcaklık değişimleri 70 saniyelik bir süre boyunca ve çeşitli radyal mesafeler ve açısal pozisyonlar için kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıca enjeksiyondan 18 saat sonra oluşan NP yoğunluğu analiz edilmiş ve parçacıkların dokuda yayılma kapasitesi gözlemlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre, NiFe₂O₄ en yüksek sıcaklık artışını (~39–40°C) ve en homojen termal dağılımı sağlarken, CoFe₂O₄ orta seviyeyi (~37–38°C) ve Fe₃O₄ en düşük (~34–35°C) termal verimliliği gösterdi. Difüzyon analizleri, NiFe₂O₄'nin dokuda daha geniş bir alana yayıldığını, Fe₃O₄'nin ise daha lokalize kaldığını ortaya koydu. Bu sonuçlar, NiFe₂O₄'nin hem termal verimliliği hem de difüzyon potansiyeli açısından termoterapi için en uygun aday olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Manyetik nanopartiküller
• demir hidroksit
• termoterapi
• kanser tedavisi
• manyetik alan

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