Kış ve ilkbaharda marketlerden toplanan tereyağı örneklerinde Aflatoksin M1 düzeyinin araştırılması

Öz

Hayvan yemlerinde bulunan Aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), hayvanlarda M1'e (AFM1) dönüşerek bu hayvanların sütünden elde edilen tüm süt ürünlerini kontamine eder. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki yasal toksin sınırı olan 0.05 μg/kg (50 ng/L) temel alınarak çeşitli marketlerden 42’si Ocak-Şubat ve 42’si Mayıs aylarında toplanan 84 tereyağı örneğinde AFM1 düzeyleri duyarlılığı yüksek olan kompetitif ELISA yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. İncelenen 84 tereyağı örneğinin 79’ unda (%94) farklı düzeylerde AFM1 varlığı saptanırken, bu örneklerinin 67’sinde (%79.7) yasal sınırın aşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar mevsimsel açıdan değerlendirildiğinde, Ocak-Şubat aylarına (kış) ait 42 tereyağı örneğinin 37’sinin (%88.1), Mayıs ayında (ilkbahar) toplanan 42 tereyağı örneğinin tümünün (%100) çeşitli düzeylerde AFM1 ile kontamine olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, tereyağlarında belirlenen AFM1 düzeylerinin ciddi halk sağlığı sorunu oluşturabileceği, bu duruma sebep olabilecek hayvan yemlerinin AFB1 düzeylerinin ve bu yemlerin saklandığı depo koşullarının düzenli kontrolünün sağlanması gerektiği düşünülmüştür. İlkbaharda toksin düzeylerinin kış mevsimine göre daha yüksek olması, hava koşulları nedeniyle hayvanların meraya çıkamadığı ve depo yemleri ile beslenmeye devam ettikleri şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aflatoksin
• Aspergillus
• Mikotoksin
• AFM1
• Tereyağı

Investigating the aflatoxin M1 level in butter samples collected from markets in winter and spring

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) found in animal feeds is converted to M1 (AFM1) in animals. It contaminates all dairy products made from the milk of these animals. In this study, AFM1 levels were investigated by competitive ELISA, which is a highly sensitive method in 84 butter samples collected from various markets based on the legal toxin limit of 0.05 μg/kg (50 ng/L) in Turkey. While the presence of AFM1 at different levels was detected in 79 (94%) of the 84 butter samples examined, it was determined that the legal limit was exceeded in 67 (79.7%) of these samples. When the results are evaluated from a seasonal perspective, 37 (88.1%) of 42 butter samples collected in January-February and all (100%) in May were contaminated with AFM1 at various levels. As a result of the study, it was thought that the AFM1 levels determined in butter samples may be a severe public health problem and that the AFB1 levels of animal feeds and store conditions should be controlled regularly. The fact that toxin levels were higher in the spring than in the winter was interpreted as the animals being unable to go to the pasture due to weather conditions and continuing to feed on store feed.

Keywords

• Aflatoxin
• Aspergillus
• Mycotoxin
• AFM1
• Butter

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