Investigation of Aeromonas spp. in ground beef marketed in Afyonkarahisar

Abstract

Ground beef as commonly consumed among animal products may be suitable for bacterial growth under unhygienic production and storage conditions. Aeromonas spp. can be widely found in the environment and it is associated with water. With contaminated water used in production, microorganisms pass into products and may pose a threat to public health. People are often infected by consuming contaminated water and meat products. Aeromonas spp. causes various disorders such as vomiting, diarrhoea and gastroenteritis. In addition, children and older people are more susceptible to these bacteria. In this study, the presence of Aeromonas spp. was investigated by classical culture method in 100 ground beef samples which were sold in Afyonkarahisar city centre. The suspected Aeromonas spp. were confirmed with VITEK® 2 Compact. The detected A. hydrophila strains were further investigated by PZR in terms ofaerA and hlyA genes. At the end of the analysis, A. hydrophila was identified in 3% of the ground beef samples. It was detected that all three bacteria have both the aerA and hlyA genes. In addition, only one of the identified strains was found to be resistant to amoxicillin and nalidixic acid. As a result, it is recommended to take necessary hygiene measures in all stages of red meat production according to farm to fork, to give attention to storage, heat treatment and inform consumers.

Keywords

• Aeromonas hydrophila
• Public health
• Ground beef

Afyonkarahisar’da satışa sunulan kıymalarda Aeromonas spp. varlığının araştırılması

Öz

Hayvansal ürünler arasında yaygın bir şekilde tüketilen sığır eti kıyması, hijyenik olmayan üretim ve muhafaza şartlarında bakteri gelişimine uygun olabilmektedir. Aeromonas spp. çevrede yaygın bulunabilmekte ve su ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Üretimde kullanılan kontamine suyla mikroorganizmalar ürünlere geçmekte ve halk sağlığı için tehdit oluşabilmektedir. İnsanlar çoğunlukla kontamine su ve et ürünlerini tüketmek suretiyle enfekte olabilmektedir. Aeromonas spp. kusma, ishal ve gastroenterit gibi çeşitli rahatsızlıklara neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, çocuklar ve yaşlılar bu bakteriye daha duyarlıdır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde satışa sunulan 100 adet sığır eti kıymasında Aeromonas spp. varlığı klasik kültür yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. İzole edilen bakteriler VITEK® 2 Compact ile tanımlanmıştır. Tespit edilen A. hydrophila şuşları PZR ile aerA ve hlyA gen varlığı yönünden araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda kıyma örneklerinin %3’ünde A. hydrophila identifiye edilmiştir. Tanımlanan üç bakterinin de aerA ve hlyA genlerinin her ikisine de sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca identifiye edilen suşların yalnız birer tanesinin amoksisiline ve nalidiksik asite dirençli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çiftlikten çatala tüm kırmızı et üretim aşamalarda gerekli hijyen tedbirlerin alınması, muhafaza ve ısıl işleme dikkat edilmesi ve tüketicilerin bilgilendirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aeromonas hydrophila
• Halk sağlığı
• Kıyma

References

1. Abbott, S.L., Cheung, W.K., Kroske-Bystrom, S.U.S. A.N., Malekzadeh, T.A.G.H.I., Janda, J. M. (1992). Identification of Aeromonas strains to the genospecies level in the clinical laboratory. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 30(5), 1262-1266. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.30.5.1262-1266.1992
2. Abdel-Latef, G.K. (2015). Detection of aerolysin, hemolysin genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from retail foods and human stool samples. Global Veterinaria, 14 (4), 528-534.
3. Alişarlı, M., Gökmen, M. (2002). Van ilinde tüketime sunulan kıymalarda hareketli Aeromonas türlerinin varlığı ve yaygınlığı. Yüzüncüyıl Ünversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1-2), 57-61.
4. Anonim (2000). CCFRA Microbiological Methods Manual. In: Compendium of Microbiological Methods for the Analysis of Food and Agricultural Products. Published by AOAC International.
5. Arslan, S., Küçüksari, R. (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of motile Aeromonas spp. from fish and ground beef. Journal of Food Safety, 35(4), 551-559. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12205
6. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (2014). performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement M100-S24, CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2014.
7. Dallal, M.S., Yazdi, M.S., Avadisians, S. (2012). Study of prevalence and antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas species isolated from minced meat and chicken samples in Iran. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6(2), 460-464. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1447
8. Daskalov, H. (2006). The importance of Aeromonas hydrophila in food safety. Food Control, 17(6), 474-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.02.009

9. Enany, M.E., Shalaby, A.M., Shabanaa, I.I., EL-Gammal, A.M., Hassan, M.E. (2013). Characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila complex isolated from foods of animal origin. Suez Canal Veterinary Medical Journal,18(2), 165-76.
10. Gobat, P.F., Jemmi, T. (1993). Distribution of mesophilic Aeromonas species in raw and ready-to-eat fish and meat products in Switzerland. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 20(2), 117-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(93)90099-3
11. Gowda, T.K., Reddy, V.R., Devleesschauwer, B., Zade, N.N., Chaudhari, S.P., Khan, W.A., Shinde S.V., Patil A.R. (2015). Isolation and seroprevalence of Aeromonas spp. among common food animals slaughtered in Nagpur, Central India. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 12(7), 626-630. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1922
12. Ibrahim, A., Mac Rae, I.C. (1991). Incidence of Aeromonas and Listeria spp. in red meat and milk samples in Brisbane, Australia. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 12(2-3), 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(91)90077-3
13. Isleyici, O., Sancak, Y. C., Hallac, B., Ekici, K. (2006). Presence of motile aeromonas ssp. in raw chicken meats. Indian Veterinary Journal, 83(2), 153-155.
14. İşleyici, Ö., Sancak, Y.C. (2009). Gıdalarda hareketli Aeromonas' lardan kaynaklanan sağlık riskleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 69-74.
15. Kalendar, R., Lee, D., Schulman, A.H. (2009). Fast PCR software for PCR primer and probe design and repeat search. Genes, Genomes and Genomics, 3(1), 1-14.
16. Küplülü, Ö., Sarımehmetoğlu, B., Kasımoğlu, A. (2000). Sığır kıymalarından hareketli aeromonas türlerinin izolasyon ve identifikasyonu. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 24(4), 423-428.
17. Neyts, K., Huys, G., Uyttendaele, M., Swings, J., Debevere, J. (2000). Incidence and identification of mesophilic Aeromonas spp. from retail foods. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 31(5), 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00828.x
18. Onuk, E.E., Çaycı, Y.T., Çoban, A.Y., Çiftci, A., Didinen, B.I., Altun, S., Söğüt-Ünlü, M., Deveci, A. (2015). Türkiye’de su kaynaklı Aeromonas spp. izolatlarında saptanan ilk QnrS Gen pozitifliği. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, 49(1), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.8839
19. Palumbo, S., Abeyta, C., Stelma, G. (1992). Chapter 30: Aeromonas hydrophila Group. In: Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. Third edition, Ed.: C. Vanderzant, D.F. Splittstoesser. APHA, Washington D. C., p.: 497-515.
20. Praveen, P.K., Debnath, C., Shekhar, S., Dalai, N., Ganguly, S. (2016). Incidence of Aeromonas spp. infection in fish and chicken meat and its related public health hazards: A review. Veterinary World, 9(1), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.6-11
21. Praveen, P.K., Debnath, C., Pramanik, A.K., Shekhar, S., Dalai, N., Rai, R. (2014). Antibiotic sensitivity and virulence potential study of Aeromonas species isolated from retail fish and chicken in and around Kolkata. Journal Cell and Tissue Research, 14(3), 4613-4616.
22. Sachan, N., Agarwal, R.K. (2000). Selective enrichment broth for the isolation of Aeromonas sp. from chicken meat. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 60(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00322-6
23. Singh, U. (1997). Isolation and identification of Aeromonas spp. from ground meats in eastern Canada. Journal of food protection, 60(2), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-60.2.125
24. Turgay, Ö., Üçkardeş, A. (2011). kahramanmaraş ilinde tüketime sunulan kıymalarda hareketli Aeromonas türlerinin izolasyon ve identifikasyonu. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(4), 7-11.
25. Yucel, N., Çıtak, S. (2003). The occurrence, hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from meat and milk samples in Turkey. Journal of Food Safety, 23(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.2003.tb00362.x