Evaluation of plant and animal protein consumption within the scope of sustainable nutrition and its relationship with depression, anxiety and stress

Abstract

In recent years, levels of depression, anxiety, and stress have increased in young adults. It is thought that diet affects depression levels. In the literature, studies evaluating the effects of plant or animal protein on depression, anxiety and stress are insufficient. In addition, this subject is also interesting in terms of the concept of sustainable nutrition, which has attracted attention in recent years. In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of plant and animal protein on depression, anxiety and stress within the scope of sustainable nutrition. The cross-sectional study was conducted with n=225 university students. The "Data Collection Form", which includes sociodemographic information, "Depression-Anxiety-Stress Short Form", "Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors Scale", "Food Consumption Frequency" and "24-Hour Retrospective Food Consumption Record" forms were applied. Individuals with severe depression, anxiety, and stress levels had a lower sustainable and healthy eating behavior score (p<0.05). Dairy consumption did not have a significant effect on depression, anxiety and stress (p>0.05). As turkey consumption becomes more frequent, stress score decreases and fish consumption becomes more frequent, depression, anxiety and stress scores decrease (p<0.05). Depression scores were lower in those who consumed chickpeas and dry beans from plant-based protein sources more frequently (p<0.05). In conclusion, individuals with severe depression, anxiety and stress levels have lower levels of knowledge of sustainable eating behavior. In addition to animal proteins such as fish and turkey, plant-based proteins such as dry beans and chickpeas are also effective in reducing depression. Considering the importance of sustainable nutrition, as well as for the prevention of depression, stress and anxiety, it is recommended to encourage adequate consumption of legumes, which are an important plant-based protein source.

Keywords

• Plant protein
• depression
• animal protein
• sustainability
• stress

Sürdürülebilir Beslenme Kapsamında Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Protein Tüketiminin Değerlendirilmesi ve Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres ile İlişkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada sürdürülebilir beslenme kapsamında, bitkisel ve hayvansal protein tüketiminin depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kesitsel türdeki araştırma 225 üniversite öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik bilgilerin yer aldığı “Veri Toplama Formu”, “Depresyon-Anksiyete-Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formu”, “Sürdürülebilir ve Sağlıklı Beslenme Davranışları Ölçeği”, “Besin Tüketim Sıklığı” ve “24 Saatlik Geriye Dönük Besin Tüketim Kaydı” formları uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, ileri depresyon düzeyine sahip bireylerin normal bireylere kıyasla sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışları ölçeğinin “sağlıklı ve dengeli beslenme” alt boyutunda, çok ileri düzey depresyon grubuna sahip bireylerin de normal bireylere kıyasla “kalite işaretleri (yöresel ve organik)” ve “hayvan sağlığı” alt boyutlarında daha düşük puana sahip olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Ayrıca, ileri düzeyde strese sahip olanların hafif stresli ve normal bireylere kıyasla “yerel gıda” alt boyutu puanları daha düşüktür (p<0.05). Süt grubu tüketiminin depresyon, anksiyete ve stres üzerinde önemli bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır (p>0.05). Her gün balık tüketimi olanların daha seyrek balık tüketimi olanlara ve/veya hiç balık tüketmeyenlere kıyasla depresyon, anksiyete ve stres puanlarının daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Bitkisel protein kaynaklarından nohutu ayda bir kez tüketenlerin, haftada 4-6 kez tüketenlere kıyasla daha yüksek depresyon puanı olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, ileri depresyon ve stres düzeyine sahip bireylerin normal bireylere kıyasla çeşitli sürdürülebilir ve sağlıklı yeme davranışı alt boyutlarında bilgi düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Depresyon, anksiyete ve stresin azaltılmasında hayvansal kaynaklı proteinler içerisinde balığın, bitkisel kaynaklı proteinler içerisinde ise nohutun depresyonun azaltılmasında etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Hem depresyonun önlenmesi hem de sürdürülebilir beslenmenin önemi göz önüne alındığında, balık ve kurubaklagillerin yeterli tüketiminin teşvik edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Bitkisel protein
• depresyon
• hayvansal protein
• sürdürülebilirlik
• stres

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