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THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

Year 2021, , 156 - 168, 31.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.850561

Abstract

Objective: Today, cosmetics sector is one of the thousands of sectors that are inspected within the scope of protection of people's health, preventive health measures, investments made for health rather than illness, and projects made in the name of raising awareness of people without getting sick. Cosmetics need to be produced and maintained in healthy conditions to minimize unwanted effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aerobic bacterial contamination of used cosmetic products and the resistance profile (carbapenem and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) of isolated bacteria.
Material and Method: Five hundred samples were made from used cosmetic products. Microbiological evaluation was performed using culture, biochemical tests, Vitek 2 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the samples.
Result and Discussion: In this study, used cosmetic products were collected from 500 cosmetic users. A total of 101 (20.2%) bacteria were isolated from used cosmetic products (n = 500). As a result of identification performed on Vitek 2 device, S. epidermidis (47, 46.5%), S. hominis (17, 16.8%), S. aureus (6, 5.9%), E. coli (16, 15.8%), K. pneumoniae (11, 10.9%) and P. aeruginosa (4, 4.1%). Result of phenotypic antibiotic resistance evaluation revealed that 1 isolate was methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and it was mecA gene positive. It was determined that the isolated 10 gram negative bacteria showed a profile of carbapenem and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance. Only three K. pneumoniae strains were found to carry the blaOXA-48 gene in these isolates. In this study, it was concluded that the cosmetic products may cause serious infections associated with poor personal hygiene, prolonged use, and the bacterial contamination rate of the environment.

References

  • 1. Çarıkçı, A., Uçar, F., Yalçın, H.T. (2008) Kozmetik ürünlerde bakteriyal ve fungal kompozisyonun klasik yöntemler ve pcr yöntemi kullanılarak saptanması. Elektronik Mikrobiyol Derg., 6(01), 16-1.
  • 2. Çomoğlu, T. (2012). Kozmetikler. Marmara Pharm J., 16, 8-1.
  • 3. Bashir, A., Lambert, P. (2019). Microbiological study of used cosmetic products: highlighting possible impact on consumer health. J Appl Microbiol., 128(2), 598-605. DOİ:10.1111/jam.14479.
  • 4. Güven, N., Onurdağ, F.K. (2014). İlaç, kozmetik ve gıda ürünlerinde kullanılan bazı koruyucuların antimikrobiyal ve antibiyofilm etkisinin araştırılması. Mikrobiyol Bul., 48(1), 105-94.
  • 5. Kıvanç, M. (2012). Kozmetik ürünlerde mikrobiyel kontaminasyon. 2. Cosmetics Congress, 17-19 February.
  • 6. Abdelaziz, A.A., Ashour, M.S., Hefni, H., el-Tayeb, O.M. (1989). Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in Egypt eye shadows, mascaras and face creams. J Clin Pharm Ther., 14(1), 21-8.
  • 7. Ashour, M.S.E., Hefni, H., El-Tayeb, O.M., Abdelaziz, A.A. (1987). Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt-1-contamination of toothpastes and mouthwashes. J Soc Cosmet Chem., 38, 441-435.
  • 8. Özalp, M. (1998). Kozmetik ürünlerde görülen mikrobiyolojik kontaminasyonlar. Türkiye Klin J Cosmetol., 1(3), 167-76.
  • 9. Brannan, D.K. (1996) Cosmetic preservation. Cosm Toil., 111, 83-69.
  • 10. Sahebnasagh, R., Saderı, H., Owlıa, P. (2014). The prevalence of resistance to methicillin in staphylococcus aureus strains ısolated from patients by PCR method for detection of mecA and nuc genes. Iran J Public Health., 43(1), 92-84.
  • 11. Poirel, L., Dortet, L., Bernabeu, S., Nordmann, P. (2011). Genetic features of blandm-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agent Chemother., 55(11), 5407–5403.
  • 12. Eldesoukey, R.M.M., Alqhtani, B.S., Alqhtani, A.S., Alqhtani, A.H., Alqhtani, A.M. (2016). Comparative microbiological study between traditional and modern cosmetics in Saudi Arabia. Enz Eng., 5(2), 146. DOI: 10.4172/2329-6674.1000146.
  • 13. Onurdağ, F.K., Özgen, S., Abbasoğlu, D. (2010). Microbiological investigation of used cosmetic samples. Hacettepe Uni J Faculty Pharm., 30, 16-1.
  • 14. Dadashi, L., Dehghanzadeh, R. (2016). Investigating incidence of bacterial and fungal contamination in shared cosmetic kits available in the women beauty salons. Health Promot Perspect., 6(3): 159-63.
  • 15. Wang, S.M., Liu, C.C., Tseng, H.W., Yang, Y.J., Lin, C.H., Huang, A.H., Wu, Y.H. (1999). Staphylococcus capitis bacteremia of very low birth weight premature infants at neonatal intensive care units: clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Microbiol Immunol Infect., 32(1), 32-26.
  • 16. Cone, L.A., Sontz, E.M., Wilson, J.W., Mitruka, S.N. (2005). Staphylococcus capitis endocarditis due to a transvenous endocardial pacemaker infection: case report and review of Staphylococcus capitis endocarditis. Int J Infect Dis., 9(6), 335–9.
  • 17. Fischetti, V.A., Novick, R.P., Ferretti, J.J., Portnoy, D.A., Rood, J.I. (2006). Gram‐positive pathogens. 2nd ed. Washington D.C: ASM Press.
  • 18. Babalola, M.O., Eze, M. (2015). Microbiological quality and characterization of potential pathogens associated with selected brands of commercial cosmetic products in Nigeria. Br Microbiol Res J., 9(5), 17-1.
  • 19. Jung, I., Kim, J., Yoo, Y., Yoo, J., Park, B., Choi, E. (2019). A pilot study of occupational exposure to pathogenic microorganisms through lip cosmetics among dental hygienists. J Occup Health., 61, 304-297.
  • 20. Altan, S. (2010). Ağız ve Diş Preparatlarında Farmasötik ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalite Kontrol Çalışmaları [Master’s Thesis]. Mersin: Mersin University.
  • 21. Lundov, M.D., Zacharıae, C. (2008). Recalls of microbiologically contaminated cosmetics in EU from 2005 to May 2008. Int J Cosmet Sci., 30, 474–471.
  • 22. Behravan, J., Bazzaz, F., Malaekeh, P. (2005). Survey of bacteriological contamination of cosmetic creams in ıran (2000). Int J Dermatol., 44(6), 485-482.
  • 23. Janetos, T.M., Akintilo, L., XU, S. (2018). Overview of high-risk food and drug administration recalls for cosmetics and personal care products from 2002 to 2016. J Cosmet Dermatol., 18(5), 1361-65. DOİ: 10.1111/jocd.12824.
  • 24. Haftbaradaran, B., Abedi, D., Jalali, M., Bagherinejad, M.R. (2014). Microbial quality survey of sunscreen products in Iranian market. Adv Biomed Res., 3, 180.
  • 25. Templeton, K., Gripentrog, E., Hellwig, T. (2012). Shining the light on sunscreen. US Pharm., 37, 36-9.
  • 26. Jemec, G.B., Renneberg, J., Wulf, H.C. (1997). Microbiology of sunscreens in use. Occupat Envir Dermatosen., 45, 275-7.
  • 27. Baird, R.M., Bloomfield, S.F. (1996). Microbial quality assurance in cosmetics, toiletries and non-sterile pharmaceuticals. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
  • 28. Kabara, J.J., Orth, D. (1997). Preservative-free and self-preserving cosmetics and drugs. Kabara JJ, Orth DS, editors. Principles for Product Preservation. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  • 29. Wedderburn, D.L. (1964). Preservation of emulsions against microbial attack. Bean AH, Beckett JE, Carless HS, editors. Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 1. London: Academic Press.

KULLANILMIŞ KOZMETİK ÜRÜNLERDEN İZOLE EDİLEN AEROP BAKTERİLER VE ANTİBİYOTİK DİRENCİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2021, , 156 - 168, 31.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.850561

Abstract

Amaç: Günümüzde insanların sağlığını koruma, koruyucu sağlık tedbirleri, hastalığa değil sağlığa yönelik yapılan yatırımlar ve kişiyi hastalanmadan bilinçlendirme adına yapılan projeler kapsamında denetlenen binlerce sektörden biri de kozmetik sektörüdür. Kozmetiklerin istenmeyen etkilerini en aza indirmek için sağlıklı koşullarda üretilip korunması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kullanılan kozmetik ürünlerin aerobik bakteriyel kontaminasyonunu ve izole edilen bakterilerin direnç profilini (karbapenem ve genişletilmiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz) değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kullanılmış kozmetik ürünlerden beş yüz örnekleme yapıldı. Örneklerden kültür, biyokimyasal testler, Vitek 2 ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) kullanılarak mikrobiyolojik değerlendirme yapıldı.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Bu çalışmada, 500 kozmetik ürün kullanıcısından, kullanılmış kozmetik ürünler toplandı. Kullanılmış kozmetik ürünlerden (n=500) toplamda 101 (%20,2) bakteri izolasyonu yapıldı. Vitek 2 cihazında gerçekleştirilen identifikason sonucunda izolatların sırasıyla S. epidermidis (47, %46,5), S. hominis (17, %16,8), S. aureus (6, %5,9), E. coli (16, %15,8), K. pneumoniae (11, %10,9) ve P. aeruginosa (4, %4,1) olduğu belirlendi. Fenotipik antibiyotik direncinin değerlendirmesi sonucunda 1 izolatın metisilin dirençli S. aureus (MRSA) ve mecA geni pozitif olduğu görüldü. İzole edilen 10 gram negatif bakterinin karbapenem ve genişlemiş-spektrumlu β-laktamaz direnci profili gösterdiği belirlendi. Bu izolatlarda sadece üç K. pneumoniae suşunun blaOXA-48 geni taşıdığı belirlendi. Bu çalışmada, kozmetik ürün kullanımında kötü kişisel hijyen, uzun kullanımı zaman, and ortamın bakteriyel kontaminasyon oranı ile ilişkili ciddi infeksiyonlara maruz kalınabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

References

  • 1. Çarıkçı, A., Uçar, F., Yalçın, H.T. (2008) Kozmetik ürünlerde bakteriyal ve fungal kompozisyonun klasik yöntemler ve pcr yöntemi kullanılarak saptanması. Elektronik Mikrobiyol Derg., 6(01), 16-1.
  • 2. Çomoğlu, T. (2012). Kozmetikler. Marmara Pharm J., 16, 8-1.
  • 3. Bashir, A., Lambert, P. (2019). Microbiological study of used cosmetic products: highlighting possible impact on consumer health. J Appl Microbiol., 128(2), 598-605. DOİ:10.1111/jam.14479.
  • 4. Güven, N., Onurdağ, F.K. (2014). İlaç, kozmetik ve gıda ürünlerinde kullanılan bazı koruyucuların antimikrobiyal ve antibiyofilm etkisinin araştırılması. Mikrobiyol Bul., 48(1), 105-94.
  • 5. Kıvanç, M. (2012). Kozmetik ürünlerde mikrobiyel kontaminasyon. 2. Cosmetics Congress, 17-19 February.
  • 6. Abdelaziz, A.A., Ashour, M.S., Hefni, H., el-Tayeb, O.M. (1989). Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in Egypt eye shadows, mascaras and face creams. J Clin Pharm Ther., 14(1), 21-8.
  • 7. Ashour, M.S.E., Hefni, H., El-Tayeb, O.M., Abdelaziz, A.A. (1987). Microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt-1-contamination of toothpastes and mouthwashes. J Soc Cosmet Chem., 38, 441-435.
  • 8. Özalp, M. (1998). Kozmetik ürünlerde görülen mikrobiyolojik kontaminasyonlar. Türkiye Klin J Cosmetol., 1(3), 167-76.
  • 9. Brannan, D.K. (1996) Cosmetic preservation. Cosm Toil., 111, 83-69.
  • 10. Sahebnasagh, R., Saderı, H., Owlıa, P. (2014). The prevalence of resistance to methicillin in staphylococcus aureus strains ısolated from patients by PCR method for detection of mecA and nuc genes. Iran J Public Health., 43(1), 92-84.
  • 11. Poirel, L., Dortet, L., Bernabeu, S., Nordmann, P. (2011). Genetic features of blandm-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agent Chemother., 55(11), 5407–5403.
  • 12. Eldesoukey, R.M.M., Alqhtani, B.S., Alqhtani, A.S., Alqhtani, A.H., Alqhtani, A.M. (2016). Comparative microbiological study between traditional and modern cosmetics in Saudi Arabia. Enz Eng., 5(2), 146. DOI: 10.4172/2329-6674.1000146.
  • 13. Onurdağ, F.K., Özgen, S., Abbasoğlu, D. (2010). Microbiological investigation of used cosmetic samples. Hacettepe Uni J Faculty Pharm., 30, 16-1.
  • 14. Dadashi, L., Dehghanzadeh, R. (2016). Investigating incidence of bacterial and fungal contamination in shared cosmetic kits available in the women beauty salons. Health Promot Perspect., 6(3): 159-63.
  • 15. Wang, S.M., Liu, C.C., Tseng, H.W., Yang, Y.J., Lin, C.H., Huang, A.H., Wu, Y.H. (1999). Staphylococcus capitis bacteremia of very low birth weight premature infants at neonatal intensive care units: clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility. J Microbiol Immunol Infect., 32(1), 32-26.
  • 16. Cone, L.A., Sontz, E.M., Wilson, J.W., Mitruka, S.N. (2005). Staphylococcus capitis endocarditis due to a transvenous endocardial pacemaker infection: case report and review of Staphylococcus capitis endocarditis. Int J Infect Dis., 9(6), 335–9.
  • 17. Fischetti, V.A., Novick, R.P., Ferretti, J.J., Portnoy, D.A., Rood, J.I. (2006). Gram‐positive pathogens. 2nd ed. Washington D.C: ASM Press.
  • 18. Babalola, M.O., Eze, M. (2015). Microbiological quality and characterization of potential pathogens associated with selected brands of commercial cosmetic products in Nigeria. Br Microbiol Res J., 9(5), 17-1.
  • 19. Jung, I., Kim, J., Yoo, Y., Yoo, J., Park, B., Choi, E. (2019). A pilot study of occupational exposure to pathogenic microorganisms through lip cosmetics among dental hygienists. J Occup Health., 61, 304-297.
  • 20. Altan, S. (2010). Ağız ve Diş Preparatlarında Farmasötik ve Mikrobiyolojik Kalite Kontrol Çalışmaları [Master’s Thesis]. Mersin: Mersin University.
  • 21. Lundov, M.D., Zacharıae, C. (2008). Recalls of microbiologically contaminated cosmetics in EU from 2005 to May 2008. Int J Cosmet Sci., 30, 474–471.
  • 22. Behravan, J., Bazzaz, F., Malaekeh, P. (2005). Survey of bacteriological contamination of cosmetic creams in ıran (2000). Int J Dermatol., 44(6), 485-482.
  • 23. Janetos, T.M., Akintilo, L., XU, S. (2018). Overview of high-risk food and drug administration recalls for cosmetics and personal care products from 2002 to 2016. J Cosmet Dermatol., 18(5), 1361-65. DOİ: 10.1111/jocd.12824.
  • 24. Haftbaradaran, B., Abedi, D., Jalali, M., Bagherinejad, M.R. (2014). Microbial quality survey of sunscreen products in Iranian market. Adv Biomed Res., 3, 180.
  • 25. Templeton, K., Gripentrog, E., Hellwig, T. (2012). Shining the light on sunscreen. US Pharm., 37, 36-9.
  • 26. Jemec, G.B., Renneberg, J., Wulf, H.C. (1997). Microbiology of sunscreens in use. Occupat Envir Dermatosen., 45, 275-7.
  • 27. Baird, R.M., Bloomfield, S.F. (1996). Microbial quality assurance in cosmetics, toiletries and non-sterile pharmaceuticals. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
  • 28. Kabara, J.J., Orth, D. (1997). Preservative-free and self-preserving cosmetics and drugs. Kabara JJ, Orth DS, editors. Principles for Product Preservation. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  • 29. Wedderburn, D.L. (1964). Preservation of emulsions against microbial attack. Bean AH, Beckett JE, Carless HS, editors. Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 1. London: Academic Press.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Akgül 0000-0002-8757-2970

Kadir Bakan 0000-0001-5734-0426

Publication Date May 31, 2021
Submission Date December 30, 2020
Acceptance Date February 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Akgül, Ö., & Bakan, K. (2021). THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 45(2), 156-168. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.850561
AMA Akgül Ö, Bakan K. THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. May 2021;45(2):156-168. doi:10.33483/jfpau.850561
Chicago Akgül, Ömer, and Kadir Bakan. “THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 45, no. 2 (May 2021): 156-68. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.850561.
EndNote Akgül Ö, Bakan K (May 1, 2021) THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 45 2 156–168.
IEEE Ö. Akgül and K. Bakan, “THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE”, Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 156–168, 2021, doi: 10.33483/jfpau.850561.
ISNAD Akgül, Ömer - Bakan, Kadir. “THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University 45/2 (May 2021), 156-168. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.850561.
JAMA Akgül Ö, Bakan K. THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2021;45:156–168.
MLA Akgül, Ömer and Kadir Bakan. “THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE”. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, vol. 45, no. 2, 2021, pp. 156-68, doi:10.33483/jfpau.850561.
Vancouver Akgül Ö, Bakan K. THE AEROBIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM USED COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE. Ankara Ecz. Fak. Derg. 2021;45(2):156-68.

Kapsam ve Amaç

Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, açık erişim, hakemli bir dergi olup Türkçe veya İngilizce olarak farmasötik bilimler alanındaki önemli gelişmeleri içeren orijinal araştırmalar, derlemeler ve kısa bildiriler için uluslararası bir yayım ortamıdır. Bilimsel toplantılarda sunulan bildiriler supleman özel sayısı olarak dergide yayımlanabilir. Ayrıca, tüm farmasötik alandaki gelecek ve önceki ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel toplantılar ile sosyal aktiviteleri içerir.