Research Article
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Farklı Statik Germe Şiddetlerinin Diz Propriosepsiyonu Üzerine Akut Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 152 - 163, 25.08.2022

Abstract

Amaç: Germe egzersizi rehabilitasyonda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte germe egzersizleri kas reseptörlerini ve ilgili eklem propriosepsiyonunu etkileyebilir. Amacımız hamstring kaslarına üç farklı şiddette uygulanan statik germe egzersizlerinin (SGE) diz propriosepsiyonu (DP) üzerine olan akut etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırmaya 18-45 yaş aralığında 108 sağlıklı yetişkin (103 Erkek, 5 Kadın) dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen katılımcılar randomize olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı. Gruplara farklı germe şiddetleri ile (maksimum germe şiddetinin %50’si, %75’i ve %100’ü), 30 saniye süreli SGE uygulandı. SGE dominant taraftaki hamstring kasına 3 tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Grupların germeden önce ve hemen sonra 20 ve 45 derecelik fleksiyon pozisyonunda DP değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Farklı şiddetteki SGE öncesi ve sonrası 20 ve 45 derecelik diz fleksiyonundaki propriosepsiyon ölçümlerinin hem grup içi değerleri hem de gruplar arası karşılaştırma sonuçları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0.05).
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Farklı şiddetlerde uygulanan SGE’nin DP üzerine etkisi olmadığı saptandı. Bu araştırmada üç farklı tip germe şiddeti sonrası akut etki değerlendirilmiş olup farklı süre ve tekrar sayısındaki germe uygulamalarının akut ve kronik etkinliğinin irdelenmesine ihtiyaç vardır.

Supporting Institution

Marmara Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

SAG-C-YLP- 241018-0582

Thanks

Araştırmada yer alan gönüllüler

References

  • Abdel-aziem, A. A., Draz, A. H., Mosaad, D. M., & Abdelraouf, O. R. (2013). Effect of body position and type of stretching on hamstring flexibility. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2(3), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2319-5886.2.3.0
  • Apostolopoulos, N., Metsios, G. S., Flouris, A. D., Koutedakis, Y., & Wyon, M. A. (2015). The relevance of stretch intensity and position—a systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01128
  • Avela, J., Kyröläinen, H., & Komi, P. V. (1999). Altered reflex sensitivity after repeated and prolonged passive muscle stretching. Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1283
  • Ayala, F., de Baranda, P. S., Croix, M. D. S., & Santonja, F. (2013). Comparison of active stretching technique in males with normal and limited hamstring flexibility. Physical Therapy in Sport, 14(2), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.03.013
  • Baker, V., Bennell, K., Stillman, B., Cowan, S., & Crossley, K. (2002). Abnormal knee joint position sense in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 20(2), 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00106-1
  • Bandy, W. D., & Irion, J. M. (1994). The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical therapy, 74(9), 845-850. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/74.9.845
  • Behm, D. (2002). Should static stretching be used during a warm-up for strength and power activities? https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200212000-00006/
  • Björklund, M., Djupsjöbacka, M., & Crenshaw, A. G. (2006). Acute muscle stretching and shoulder position sense. Journal of athletic training, 41(3), 270. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569556/
  • Chen, C.-H., Nosaka, K., Chen, H.-L., Lin, M.-J., Tseng, K.-W., & Chen, T. C. (2011). Effects of flexibility training on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(3), 491-500. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f315ad
  • Dilek, İ., Özkaya, Ö., Sözen, H., & Tekat, A. (2009). Pasif germe hareketlerinin sedanterlerde oluşturulan gecikmiş kas ağrısı üzerine etkileri. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000148
  • Ekstrand, J., Hägglund, M., Waldén, M. (2011). Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sport Med, 39(6), 1226-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510395879
  • Feland, J. B., Myrer, J. W., Schulthies, S. S., Fellingham, G. W., & Measom, G. W. (2001). The effect of duration of stretching of the hamstring muscle group for increasing range of motion in people aged 65 years or older. Physical therapy, 81(5), 1110-1117. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.5.1110
  • Freitas, S. R., Vaz, J. R., Bruno, P. M., Valamatos, M. J., Andrade, R. J., & Mil-Homens, P. (2015). Are rest intervals between stretching repetitions effective to acutely increase range of motion? International journal of sports physiology and performance, 10(2), 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0192
  • Freitas, S. R., Vilarinho, D., Vaz, J. R., Bruno, P. M., Costa, P. B., & Mil‐homens, P. (2015). Responses to static stretching are dependent on stretch intensity and duration. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 35(6), 478-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12186
  • Ghaffarinejad, F., Taghizadeh, S., & Mohammadi, F. (2007). Effect of static stretching of muscles surrounding the knee on knee joint position sense. British journal of sports medicine, 41(10), 684-687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032425
  • Hatano, G., Suzuki, S., Matsuo, S., Kataura, S., Yokoi, K., Fukaya, T., Fujiwara, M., Asai, Y., & Iwata, M. (2019). Hamstring stiffness returns more rapidly after static stretching than range of motion, stretch tolerance, and isometric peak torque. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 28(4), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0203
  • Hewett, T. E., Paterno, M. V., & Myer, G. D. (2002). Strategies for enhancing proprioception and neuromuscular control of the knee. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 402, 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000026962.51742.99
  • Kaya, D., Calik, M., Callaghan, M. J., Yosmaoglu, B., & Doral, M. N. (2018). Proprioception after knee injury, surgery and rehabilitation. In Proprioception in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (pp. 123-142). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66640-2_10
  • Larsen, R., Lund, H., Christensen, R., Røgind, H., Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., & Bliddal, H. (2005). Effect of static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles on knee joint position sense. British journal of sports medicine, 39(1), 43-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.011056
  • Maïsetti, O., Hug, F., Bouillard, K., & Nordez, A. (2012). Characterization of passive elastic properties of the human medial gastrocnemius muscle belly using supersonic shear imaging. Journal of biomechanics, 45(6), 978-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.009
  • Matsuo, S., Suzuki, S., Iwata, M., Hatano, G., & Nosaka, K. (2015). Changes in force and stiffness after static stretching of eccentrically-damaged hamstrings. European journal of applied physiology, 115(5), 981-991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3079-3
  • Meroni, R., Cerri, C. G., Lanzarini, C., Barindelli, G., Della Morte, G., Gessaga, V., Cesana, G. C., & De Vito, G. (2010). Comparison of active stretching technique and static stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 20(1), 8-14. . https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181c96722
  • Micheo, W., Baerga, L., & Miranda, G. (2012). Basic principles regarding strength, flexibility, and stability exercises. Pm&R, 4(11), 805-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.09.583
  • Moradi, A., Rajabi, R., Minoonejad, H., & Aghaei, M. (2014). The acute effect of static stretching of quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles on knee joint position sense in football players. Physical Treatments-Specific Physical Therapy, 4(2), 83-89. https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/509197
  • O'Hora, J., Cartwright, A., Wade, C. D., Hough, A. D., & Shum, G. L. (2011). Efficacy of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch on hamstrings length after a single session. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1586-1591. https://doi.org/10. 1519/JSC.0b013e3181df7f98
  • Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International journal of sports physical therapy, 7(1), 109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273886/
  • Pope, R. P., Herbert, R. D., Kirwan, J. D., & Graham, B. J. (2000). A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(2), 271-277. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00004
  • Proske, U., Morgan, D. L., & Gregory, J. E. (1993). Thixotropy in skeletal muscle and in muscle spindles: a review. Progress in neurobiology, 41(6), 705-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0082(93)90032-N
  • Torres, R., Duarte, J. A., & Cabri, J. M. (2012). An acute bout of quadriceps muscle stretching has no influence on knee joint proprioception. Journal of human kinetics, 34(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0061-1
  • Wodowski, A. J., Swigler, C. W., Liu, H., Nord, K. M., Toy, P. C., & Mihalko, W. M. (2016). Proprioception and knee arthroplasty: a literature review. Orthopedic Clinics, 47(2), 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2015.09.005
  • Young, W., Elias, G., & Power, J. (2006). Effects of static stretching volume and intensity on plantar flexor explosive force production and range of motion. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 46(3), 403. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16998444/
  • Young, W. B. (2007). The use of static stretching in warm-up for training and competition. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2(2), 212-216. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.2.212

Acute Effects of Different Static Stretching Intensities on Knee Proprioception

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 152 - 163, 25.08.2022

Abstract

Purpose: Stretching exercise is frequently used in rehabilitation. However, stretching exercises may affect muscle receptors and related joint proprioception. To compare the acute effects of different intensity of static stretching exercises (SSE) on the knee proprioception (KP).
Methods: The study included 108 healthy adults (103 Male, 5 Female) aged 18-45 years. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups. SSE was applied to the groups for 30 seconds with different stretching intensities (50%, 75%, 100%). SSE was performed on the hamstring muscle of the dominant side with 3 repetitions. KP was evaluated at 20 and 45 degrees before and immediately after stretching of the groups.
Results: There was no significant difference in both the intra-group and intergroup comparison results of the proprioception measurements at 20 and 45 degrees before and after SSE, with different severity (p > 0.05).
Conclusions and Suggestions: It was determined that SSE, applied at different intensities had no effect on KP. In this study, the acute effect was evaluated after three types of stretching intensity, and there is a need to examine the acute and chronic effects of stretching applications of different durations and repetitions.

Project Number

SAG-C-YLP- 241018-0582

References

  • Abdel-aziem, A. A., Draz, A. H., Mosaad, D. M., & Abdelraouf, O. R. (2013). Effect of body position and type of stretching on hamstring flexibility. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2(3), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.2319-5886.2.3.0
  • Apostolopoulos, N., Metsios, G. S., Flouris, A. D., Koutedakis, Y., & Wyon, M. A. (2015). The relevance of stretch intensity and position—a systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01128
  • Avela, J., Kyröläinen, H., & Komi, P. V. (1999). Altered reflex sensitivity after repeated and prolonged passive muscle stretching. Journal of Applied Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1283
  • Ayala, F., de Baranda, P. S., Croix, M. D. S., & Santonja, F. (2013). Comparison of active stretching technique in males with normal and limited hamstring flexibility. Physical Therapy in Sport, 14(2), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.03.013
  • Baker, V., Bennell, K., Stillman, B., Cowan, S., & Crossley, K. (2002). Abnormal knee joint position sense in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 20(2), 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(01)00106-1
  • Bandy, W. D., & Irion, J. M. (1994). The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Physical therapy, 74(9), 845-850. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/74.9.845
  • Behm, D. (2002). Should static stretching be used during a warm-up for strength and power activities? https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200212000-00006/
  • Björklund, M., Djupsjöbacka, M., & Crenshaw, A. G. (2006). Acute muscle stretching and shoulder position sense. Journal of athletic training, 41(3), 270. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569556/
  • Chen, C.-H., Nosaka, K., Chen, H.-L., Lin, M.-J., Tseng, K.-W., & Chen, T. C. (2011). Effects of flexibility training on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43(3), 491-500. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f315ad
  • Dilek, İ., Özkaya, Ö., Sözen, H., & Tekat, A. (2009). Pasif germe hareketlerinin sedanterlerde oluşturulan gecikmiş kas ağrısı üzerine etkileri. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000148
  • Ekstrand, J., Hägglund, M., Waldén, M. (2011). Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sport Med, 39(6), 1226-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510395879
  • Feland, J. B., Myrer, J. W., Schulthies, S. S., Fellingham, G. W., & Measom, G. W. (2001). The effect of duration of stretching of the hamstring muscle group for increasing range of motion in people aged 65 years or older. Physical therapy, 81(5), 1110-1117. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/81.5.1110
  • Freitas, S. R., Vaz, J. R., Bruno, P. M., Valamatos, M. J., Andrade, R. J., & Mil-Homens, P. (2015). Are rest intervals between stretching repetitions effective to acutely increase range of motion? International journal of sports physiology and performance, 10(2), 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0192
  • Freitas, S. R., Vilarinho, D., Vaz, J. R., Bruno, P. M., Costa, P. B., & Mil‐homens, P. (2015). Responses to static stretching are dependent on stretch intensity and duration. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 35(6), 478-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12186
  • Ghaffarinejad, F., Taghizadeh, S., & Mohammadi, F. (2007). Effect of static stretching of muscles surrounding the knee on knee joint position sense. British journal of sports medicine, 41(10), 684-687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032425
  • Hatano, G., Suzuki, S., Matsuo, S., Kataura, S., Yokoi, K., Fukaya, T., Fujiwara, M., Asai, Y., & Iwata, M. (2019). Hamstring stiffness returns more rapidly after static stretching than range of motion, stretch tolerance, and isometric peak torque. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 28(4), 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0203
  • Hewett, T. E., Paterno, M. V., & Myer, G. D. (2002). Strategies for enhancing proprioception and neuromuscular control of the knee. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 402, 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000026962.51742.99
  • Kaya, D., Calik, M., Callaghan, M. J., Yosmaoglu, B., & Doral, M. N. (2018). Proprioception after knee injury, surgery and rehabilitation. In Proprioception in Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation (pp. 123-142). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66640-2_10
  • Larsen, R., Lund, H., Christensen, R., Røgind, H., Danneskiold-Samsøe, B., & Bliddal, H. (2005). Effect of static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles on knee joint position sense. British journal of sports medicine, 39(1), 43-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.011056
  • Maïsetti, O., Hug, F., Bouillard, K., & Nordez, A. (2012). Characterization of passive elastic properties of the human medial gastrocnemius muscle belly using supersonic shear imaging. Journal of biomechanics, 45(6), 978-984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.009
  • Matsuo, S., Suzuki, S., Iwata, M., Hatano, G., & Nosaka, K. (2015). Changes in force and stiffness after static stretching of eccentrically-damaged hamstrings. European journal of applied physiology, 115(5), 981-991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3079-3
  • Meroni, R., Cerri, C. G., Lanzarini, C., Barindelli, G., Della Morte, G., Gessaga, V., Cesana, G. C., & De Vito, G. (2010). Comparison of active stretching technique and static stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 20(1), 8-14. . https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181c96722
  • Micheo, W., Baerga, L., & Miranda, G. (2012). Basic principles regarding strength, flexibility, and stability exercises. Pm&R, 4(11), 805-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.09.583
  • Moradi, A., Rajabi, R., Minoonejad, H., & Aghaei, M. (2014). The acute effect of static stretching of quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles on knee joint position sense in football players. Physical Treatments-Specific Physical Therapy, 4(2), 83-89. https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/509197
  • O'Hora, J., Cartwright, A., Wade, C. D., Hough, A. D., & Shum, G. L. (2011). Efficacy of static stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch on hamstrings length after a single session. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1586-1591. https://doi.org/10. 1519/JSC.0b013e3181df7f98
  • Page, P. (2012). Current concepts in muscle stretching for exercise and rehabilitation. International journal of sports physical therapy, 7(1), 109. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273886/
  • Pope, R. P., Herbert, R. D., Kirwan, J. D., & Graham, B. J. (2000). A randomized trial of preexercise stretching for prevention of lower-limb injury. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 32(2), 271-277. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200002000-00004
  • Proske, U., Morgan, D. L., & Gregory, J. E. (1993). Thixotropy in skeletal muscle and in muscle spindles: a review. Progress in neurobiology, 41(6), 705-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0082(93)90032-N
  • Torres, R., Duarte, J. A., & Cabri, J. M. (2012). An acute bout of quadriceps muscle stretching has no influence on knee joint proprioception. Journal of human kinetics, 34(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0061-1
  • Wodowski, A. J., Swigler, C. W., Liu, H., Nord, K. M., Toy, P. C., & Mihalko, W. M. (2016). Proprioception and knee arthroplasty: a literature review. Orthopedic Clinics, 47(2), 301-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2015.09.005
  • Young, W., Elias, G., & Power, J. (2006). Effects of static stretching volume and intensity on plantar flexor explosive force production and range of motion. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 46(3), 403. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16998444/
  • Young, W. B. (2007). The use of static stretching in warm-up for training and competition. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2(2), 212-216. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.2.212
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yusuf Hasırcı 0000-0001-7514-5843

Semra Oğuz 0000-0002-7148-4562

Project Number SAG-C-YLP- 241018-0582
Early Pub Date August 25, 2022
Publication Date August 25, 2022
Submission Date June 3, 2022
Acceptance Date July 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hasırcı, Y., & Oğuz, S. (2022). Farklı Statik Germe Şiddetlerinin Diz Propriosepsiyonu Üzerine Akut Etkileri. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 152-163.


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