Research Article

A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights

Volume: 22 Number: 3 September 30, 2025
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A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights

Abstract

Aims: CHEK2 is a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA damage response and a moderate-risk gene for breast cancer. However, its role in other malignancies remains unclear, and the clinical impact of biallelic CHEK2 mutations is not well understood. This study aims to expand the cancer risk spectrum of CHEK2, including rare tumors, and to provide insights into the phenotypes associated with biallelic mutations and Multiple Inherited Neoplasia Alleles Syndrome (MINAS). Materials and Methods: We analyzed 40 individuals from 34 families carrying CHEK2 mutations, identified via multigene panel testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. Next-generation sequencing was performed for the probands, and segregation analysis in affected relatives was conducted using Sanger sequencing. Clinical data, including cancer type, age at diagnosis, and family history, were obtained from medical records and clinical evaluations. Results: We identified 16 distinct CHEK2 mutations, with c.1427C>T (p.Thr476Met) being the most frequent. Breast cancer was the most common diagnosis (75%), followed by thyroid cancer and rare tumors, including pancreatic neuroendocrine and cerebellopontine angle tumors. Multiple primary cancers occurred in 15% of patients, and 10% had MINAS, harboring additional variants in genes like PTEN and BRCA2. Biallelic CHEK2 mutations were linked to severe phenotypes, including bilateral breast cancer and adolescent-onset polyposis. Conclusions: Our findings broaden the CHEK2-associated cancer spectrum, extending beyond breast cancer to include rare malignancies and complex presentations. The identification of biallelic mutations and MINAS underscores the need for comprehensive genetic testing and tailored surveillance. These insights are crucial for refining risk assessment, enhancing prevention, and improving clinical management for individuals harboring CHEK2 mutations.

Keywords

References

  1. 1 Falck, J., N. Mailand, R.G. Syljuåsen, J. Bartek, and J. Lukas, The ATM–Chk2– Cdc25A checkpoint pathway guards against radioresistant DNA synthesis. Nature, 2001. 410(6830): p. 842-847. 2 Bartek, J. and J. Lukas, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases in checkpoint control and cancer. Cancer cell, 2003. 3(5): p. 421-429.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

March 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 15, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 22 Number: 3

APA
Durmaz, C. D., Akçin, Ö. Ç., Dizdar, Ö., Arık, Z., Bulut, N., Erkan, D. D., Güleray Lafci, N., & Aksoy, S. (2025). A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 22(3), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1652363
AMA
1.Durmaz CD, Akçin ÖÇ, Dizdar Ö, et al. A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2025;22(3):380-386. doi:10.38136/jgon.1652363
Chicago
Durmaz, Ceren Damla, Ömer Çağrı Akçin, Ömer Dizdar, et al. 2025. “A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22 (3): 380-86. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1652363.
EndNote
Durmaz CD, Akçin ÖÇ, Dizdar Ö, Arık Z, Bulut N, Erkan DD, Güleray Lafci N, Aksoy S (September 1, 2025) A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22 3 380–386.
IEEE
[1]C. D. Durmaz et al., “A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights”, Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 380–386, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1652363.
ISNAD
Durmaz, Ceren Damla - Akçin, Ömer Çağrı - Dizdar, Ömer - Arık, Zafer - Bulut, Nesibe - Erkan, Dilsu Dicle - Güleray Lafci, Naz - Aksoy, Sercan. “A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22/3 (September 1, 2025): 380-386. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1652363.
JAMA
1.Durmaz CD, Akçin ÖÇ, Dizdar Ö, Arık Z, Bulut N, Erkan DD, Güleray Lafci N, Aksoy S. A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2025;22:380–386.
MLA
Durmaz, Ceren Damla, et al. “A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 380-6, doi:10.38136/jgon.1652363.
Vancouver
1.Ceren Damla Durmaz, Ömer Çağrı Akçin, Ömer Dizdar, Zafer Arık, Nesibe Bulut, Dilsu Dicle Erkan, Naz Güleray Lafci, Sercan Aksoy. A Cross-Sectional Study of CHEK2 Pathogenic Variants: Cancer Risk Spectrum and Clinical Insights. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2025 Sep. 1;22(3):380-6. doi:10.38136/jgon.1652363