Clinical Research

Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes?

Volume: 22 Number: 3 September 30, 2025
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Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes?

Abstract

Aim: To investigate obstetric complications in pregnant women who smoke and to evaluate whether first-trimester systemic inflammatory indices can predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes Materials and Method: This retrospective study included 43 pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years who had been smoking since prior to conception, and 44 healthy pregnant women, conducted between 2024 and 2025. Participants' demographic characteristics, obstetric outcomes (birth weight, gestational age at delivery), and neonatal outcomes (APGAR scores, NICU admission) and obstetric complications were assessed. First-trimester neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII: NLR × platelet count), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI: NLR × monocyte count), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI: NLR × platelet count × monocyte count), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the predictive value of these markers for adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Results: SII, SIRI, AISI, and NLR levels were significantly higher in the smoking group compared to controls. Pregnant women who smoked had higher rates of emergency cesarean section, adverse obstetric outcomes, and NICU admissions. ROC analysis showed that first-trimester inflammatory markers significantly predicted adverse outcomes when all participants were analyzed together; however, these markers did not demonstrate predictive value within the smoking group alone. Conclusion: Adverse obstetric outcomes, increased NICU admissions, and elevated serum inflammatory markers were observed in pregnant women who smoked. However, these markers were found to be insufficient in predicting adverse outcomes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Uşak University (Ethics No: 715-715-19, Date: 12.06.2025) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Since the data were anonymised and collected retrospectively, a waiver of written informed consent was granted.

Thanks

The authors would like to express their gratitude to all healthcare professionals dedicated to the fight against smoking.

References

  1. 1 World Health Organization (WHO). Accessed: 25 June 2025 Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240112063 2 Banderali G, Martelli A, Landi M, Moretti F, Betti F, Radaelli G, et al. Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review. Transl Med. 2015;13:327.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Clinical Research

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

July 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 29, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 22 Number: 3

APA
Akgün Aktaş, B., & Bilicen, E. (2025). Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes? Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 22(3), 300-305. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1739115
AMA
1.Akgün Aktaş B, Bilicen E. Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes? Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2025;22(3):300-305. doi:10.38136/jgon.1739115
Chicago
Akgün Aktaş, Betül, and Ezgi Bilicen. 2025. “Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the First-Trimester Serum Inflammatory Markers Predict Adverse Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes?”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22 (3): 300-305. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1739115.
EndNote
Akgün Aktaş B, Bilicen E (September 1, 2025) Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes? Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22 3 300–305.
IEEE
[1]B. Akgün Aktaş and E. Bilicen, “Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes?”, Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 300–305, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1739115.
ISNAD
Akgün Aktaş, Betül - Bilicen, Ezgi. “Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the First-Trimester Serum Inflammatory Markers Predict Adverse Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes?”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 22/3 (September 1, 2025): 300-305. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1739115.
JAMA
1.Akgün Aktaş B, Bilicen E. Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes? Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2025;22:300–305.
MLA
Akgün Aktaş, Betül, and Ezgi Bilicen. “Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the First-Trimester Serum Inflammatory Markers Predict Adverse Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes?”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 300-5, doi:10.38136/jgon.1739115.
Vancouver
1.Betül Akgün Aktaş, Ezgi Bilicen. Smoking in Pregnancy: Can the first-trimester serum inflammatory markers predict adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes? Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2025 Sep. 1;22(3):300-5. doi:10.38136/jgon.1739115