Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis

Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Volume: 23 Number: 1 March 31, 2026
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Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of 10% lidocaine spray in reducing pain during colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy. Six electronic databases were searched through 15 November 2025, and randomized controlled trials reporting biopsy-related pain outcomes were included. Eight studies met the criteria for qualitative synthesis, and four provided sufficient data for quantitative analysis. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers following PRISMA 2020 standards. Standardized mean differences (Hedges g) were pooled using a random-effects model. The included trials demonstrated considerable variability in sample size, comparator groups, and procedural methods. Three studies comparing lidocaine spray with placebo, saline, or no anesthesia showed minimal or no analgesic advantage, whereas one trial comparing lidocaine with forced coughing demonstrated a significant reduction in biopsy pain. The pooled analysis indicated a small but statistically significant effect favoring lidocaine spray (SMD = –0.29, 95% CI –0.56 to –0.02), although substantial heterogeneity was present (I² = 68%). Overall, lidocaine spray appears to offer only modest analgesic benefit, likely limited by low baseline pain levels and methodological variability across trials. Despite its non-invasive and practical profile, clinicians should recognize its limited clinical impact and consider multimodal strategies for optimizing patient comfort during colposcopy. Further large-scale, standardized randomized trials are needed to identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from topical anesthetics.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published data; therefore, it did not require ethical approval or informed consent.

Thanks

None

References

  1. Zahid S, Raza IM, Ahmad S, Zafar AM, Khan BY, Sehar S, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of lidocaine spray efficacy in reducing pain in colposcopy-directed cervical biopsies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2025;312:114543. Mahmoud M, Abbas AM. The efficacy of local anesthetics in pain relief during colposcopic-guided biopsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;237:189- 197

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis

Publication Date

March 31, 2026

Submission Date

November 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 23 Number: 1

APA
Şahin, M., & Yalçın, H. R. (2026). Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 23(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1825040
AMA
1.Şahin M, Yalçın HR. Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23(1):105-110. doi:10.38136/jgon.1825040
Chicago
Şahin, Mustafa, and Hakan Raşit Yalçın. 2026. “Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 (1): 105-10. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1825040.
EndNote
Şahin M, Yalçın HR (March 1, 2026) Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23 1 105–110.
IEEE
[1]M. Şahin and H. R. Yalçın, “Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”, Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 105–110, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.38136/jgon.1825040.
ISNAD
Şahin, Mustafa - Yalçın, Hakan Raşit. “Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 23/1 (March 1, 2026): 105-110. https://doi.org/10.38136/jgon.1825040.
JAMA
1.Şahin M, Yalçın HR. Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026;23:105–110.
MLA
Şahin, Mustafa, and Hakan Raşit Yalçın. “Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik Ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 105-10, doi:10.38136/jgon.1825040.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Şahin, Hakan Raşit Yalçın. Pain Management in Colposcopic Biopsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2026 Mar. 1;23(1):105-10. doi:10.38136/jgon.1825040