Son Trimestırdaki Gebelerin Üriner İnkontinans Yaşama Durumları ve Gebelik Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi
Year 2022,
Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1176 - 1183, 25.03.2022
Eda Şahin
,
İlknur Yeşilçınar
,
Büşra Kuşkanadı
Abstract
Amaç: Gebelik süreci kadının kendini algılayışını etkilemektedir. Bunun yanında gebenin üriner inkontinans sorunu yaşaması gebeye ek zorluklar getirmektedir. Gebelerin üriner inkontinansa bağlı olarak yaşadığı sorunların gebelik deneyimlerini etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada son trimesterdeki gebelerin inkontinans yaşama durumları ve gebelik deneyimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler: Prospektif tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu araştırma Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda yer alan bir ilde, Kadın Hastalıkları ve Çocuk Hastanesi Kadın Doğum Polikliniği’ne antenatal takip için başvuran gebeler üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 30-39. gebelik haftasında olan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 143 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak, “Gebe Tanıtım Formu”, “Aşırı Aktif Mesane Değerlendirme Formu”, “Gebelik Deneyimleri Ölçeği” ve “İnkontinans Etki Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya ait veriler IBM SPSS 26.00 paket programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27.41±5.72’dir ve %96.5’i çalışmamaktadır. Kadınların ortalama gebelik haftaları 36.30±2.44’tür. Kadınların %36.4’ü şu anki gebeliklerinde idrar kaçırma şikayeti yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Gebelerin yaşları, eğitim durumları ve gebelik sayıları ile gebelik deneyimi ölçeği toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur (p <0.05). Aşırı aktif mesane yaşama ve idrar kaçırmadan etkilenme durumları gebelerin gebelik deneyimlerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Gebelerin üriner inkontinans yaşama oranları yüksek bulunmuştur. Gebelerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri gebelik deneyimlerini etkilemektedir. Gebelerin olumlu bir gebelik deneyimi yaşayabilmeleri için üriner inkontinans yaşama durumlarının ve sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve gereken hemşirelik bakımının sağlanması önemlidir.
Supporting Institution
Bulunmamaktadır.
References
- Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, et al. An international urogynecological association (IUGA)/ international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J 2010; 21:5–26.
- Bø K, Pauck Øglund G, Sletner L, Mørkrid K, Jenum AK. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnancy among a multiethnic population resident in Norway. BJOG 2012; 119:1354–60.
- Franco EM, Parés D, Colomé NL, Paredes JRM, Tardiu LA. Urinary incontinence during pregnancy, is there a difference between first and third trimester. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 182:86–90.
- Solans-Domènech M, Sánchez E, Espuña-Pons M. Urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: incidence, severity, and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115:618–28.
- Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N. Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 24,901–12.
- Şehirli Kıncı Ö, Kıncı F, Kokanalı MF, Taşçı Y. The role of ultrasonographic measurement of bladder and detrusor wall thickness in diagnosis of urinary incontinence, Kuwait Medical Journal 2021; 53 (1): 18-24.
Sangsawang B. Risk factors for the development of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy in primigravidae: a review of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 178,7–34.
- Dinç A. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and associated risk factors. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2018; 10(3):303-7.
- Daly D, Clarke M, Begley M. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, type, and risk factors. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29(3):353-362.
- Liang CC, Chang SD, Lin SJ, Lin YJ. Lower urinary tract symptoms in primiparous women before and during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:1205–10.
- Abdullah B, Ayub SH, Mohd Zahd AZ, Noorneza AR, Isa MR, Ng PY. Urinary incontinence in primigravida: the neglected pregnancy predicament. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016; 198,110–115.
- Nigam A, Ahmad A, Gaur D, Elahi AA, Batra S. Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnant women during late third trimester. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 5(7):2187-2191.
- Oliveira C, Seleme M, Cansi PF, Consentino RFDC, Kumakura FY, Moreira GA, et al. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its relation with socio-demographic variables and quality of life. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2013; 59(5): 460-6.
- Güzel İnal C, Timur Taşhan S. Gebelikte üriner inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg 2020; 6(2):150-160.
- Güngör Uğurlucan F, Comba C, Emegil Ş, Yalçın Ö. Türkiye’de üriner inkontinans ile ilgili düşünce ve tutumlar. İst Tıp Fak Derg 2016; 79: 4.
- Daly D, Clarke M, Begley C. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, type, and risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2018; 29:353–362.
- DiPietro JA, Ghera MM, Costigan K, Hawkins M. Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2004; 25:189–201.
- Esmeray N, Yanıkkerem E, Baydur H. Gebelik deneyimleri ölçeği’nin türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. EGEHFD 2017; 33(2):68-87.
- Coyne K, Revicki D, Hunt T, Corey R, Stewart W, Bentkover J. et al. Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire: the OAB-q. Qual Life Res 2002; 11:563.
- Tarcan T, Mangır N, Özgür MÖ, Akbal C. OAB-V8 Aşırı aktif mesane sorgulama formu validasyon çalışması. Üroloji Bülteni 2012; 21,113-116.
- Uebersax JS, Wyman JF, Shumaker SA, McClish DK, Fantl JA. Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: the incontinence impact questionnaire and urogenital distress inventory. Neurourol Urodyn 1993; 14:131-9.
- Çam C, Sakallı M, Ay P, Cam M, Karateke A. Validation of the short forms of the incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) in a turkish population. Neurourol Urodyn 2007;26(1):129-133.
- Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2018 (TNSA 2018). Erişim tarihi: 15.01.2021 Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
- Demircan N, Özmen Ü, Köktürk F, Küçük H, Ata Ş, Harma M, et al. What are the probable predictors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy? 2016; Peer J, 4:e2283.
- Kocaöz S, Talas MS, Atabekoğlu CS. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and their quality of life. J Clin Nurs. 2010; 19:3314-3323.
- Uslu Yuvacı H, Aslan M, Yerli̇ N, Cevri̇oğlu A. Nullipar gebelerde inkontinans prevalansı ve risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res. 2019; 3(3): 213-218.
- Gökalp C, Okumuş H, Bilgiç D. Gebelikte trimesterlere göre üriner inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi. Çukurova Tıp Dergisi 2020; 45(3):954-962.
- Lee JA, Johns TS, Melamed ML, Tellechea L, Laudano M, Stern JM, et al. Associations between socioeconomic status and urge urinary incontinence: an analysis of nhanes 2005 to 2016. J Urol. 2020; 203(2):379-384.
- Balık G, Güven ES, Tekin YB, Şentürk Ş, Kağıtçı M, Üstüner I, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Lower Urin Tract Symptoms. 2016; 8(2), 120–124.
- Ahmad QT, Saffarini JH, Samara AM, Dabri DS, Safarini ZH, Banijaber YM, et al. The impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on the quality of life during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Urol 2020; 20,191.
Investigation of Pregnant Women’s Urinary Incontinence and Pregnancy Experiences who were in Third Trimester
Year 2022,
Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1176 - 1183, 25.03.2022
Eda Şahin
,
İlknur Yeşilçınar
,
Büşra Kuşkanadı
Abstract
Objective: Pregnancy affects the self-perception of women. Besides, having problems such as incontinence brings additional difficulties to the pregnant woman. It is thought that the problems regarding incontinence experience may affect the pregnancy experience of pregnant women. In this research, it is aimed to investigate the pregnancy experiences and urinary incontinence experiences of pregnant women who were in the third trimester.
Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a Women’s and Children's Health Hospital in a city in the southeast of Turkey. Totally 143 pregnant women were recruited who were in 30-39th gestational age and voluntary to participate in this study. “Pregnant Women Introduction Form”, “Pregnancy Experience Scale”, “Overactive Bladder Assessment Tool” and “The Incontinence Impact Questionnaire” were used as data collection tools. Research data were analyzed by using the IBM SPSS packet program. A <0.05 p-value was accepted as statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 27.41±5.72 years and 96.5% did not work. The mean gestational weeks were 36.30±2.44. Of the women, 36.4% stated that they experienced urinary incontinence in their current pregnancies. A statistically significant difference was found between the age groups, educational status and the number of pregnancies of pregnant women, and pregnancy experience scale scores (p<0.05). The overactive bladder and incontinence impact status affected negatively the pregnancy experiences of pregnant women (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Incontinence rates during pregnancy were found to be high. The socio-economic status of pregnant women affects pregnancy experiences. It is important to assess incontinence experiences and socio-demographic status of pregnant women to live a positive pregnancy experience and provide necessary nursing care.
References
- Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, et al. An international urogynecological association (IUGA)/ international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J 2010; 21:5–26.
- Bø K, Pauck Øglund G, Sletner L, Mørkrid K, Jenum AK. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnancy among a multiethnic population resident in Norway. BJOG 2012; 119:1354–60.
- Franco EM, Parés D, Colomé NL, Paredes JRM, Tardiu LA. Urinary incontinence during pregnancy, is there a difference between first and third trimester. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 182:86–90.
- Solans-Domènech M, Sánchez E, Espuña-Pons M. Urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: incidence, severity, and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115:618–28.
- Sangsawang B, Sangsawang N. Stress urinary incontinence in pregnant women: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 24,901–12.
- Şehirli Kıncı Ö, Kıncı F, Kokanalı MF, Taşçı Y. The role of ultrasonographic measurement of bladder and detrusor wall thickness in diagnosis of urinary incontinence, Kuwait Medical Journal 2021; 53 (1): 18-24.
Sangsawang B. Risk factors for the development of stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy in primigravidae: a review of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 178,7–34.
- Dinç A. Prevalence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and associated risk factors. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2018; 10(3):303-7.
- Daly D, Clarke M, Begley M. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, type, and risk factors. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29(3):353-362.
- Liang CC, Chang SD, Lin SJ, Lin YJ. Lower urinary tract symptoms in primiparous women before and during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:1205–10.
- Abdullah B, Ayub SH, Mohd Zahd AZ, Noorneza AR, Isa MR, Ng PY. Urinary incontinence in primigravida: the neglected pregnancy predicament. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016; 198,110–115.
- Nigam A, Ahmad A, Gaur D, Elahi AA, Batra S. Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in pregnant women during late third trimester. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 5(7):2187-2191.
- Oliveira C, Seleme M, Cansi PF, Consentino RFDC, Kumakura FY, Moreira GA, et al. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and its relation with socio-demographic variables and quality of life. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2013; 59(5): 460-6.
- Güzel İnal C, Timur Taşhan S. Gebelikte üriner inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. ADYÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Derg 2020; 6(2):150-160.
- Güngör Uğurlucan F, Comba C, Emegil Ş, Yalçın Ö. Türkiye’de üriner inkontinans ile ilgili düşünce ve tutumlar. İst Tıp Fak Derg 2016; 79: 4.
- Daly D, Clarke M, Begley C. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, type, and risk factors. Int Urogynecol J. 2018; 29:353–362.
- DiPietro JA, Ghera MM, Costigan K, Hawkins M. Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2004; 25:189–201.
- Esmeray N, Yanıkkerem E, Baydur H. Gebelik deneyimleri ölçeği’nin türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. EGEHFD 2017; 33(2):68-87.
- Coyne K, Revicki D, Hunt T, Corey R, Stewart W, Bentkover J. et al. Psychometric validation of an overactive bladder symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire: the OAB-q. Qual Life Res 2002; 11:563.
- Tarcan T, Mangır N, Özgür MÖ, Akbal C. OAB-V8 Aşırı aktif mesane sorgulama formu validasyon çalışması. Üroloji Bülteni 2012; 21,113-116.
- Uebersax JS, Wyman JF, Shumaker SA, McClish DK, Fantl JA. Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: the incontinence impact questionnaire and urogenital distress inventory. Neurourol Urodyn 1993; 14:131-9.
- Çam C, Sakallı M, Ay P, Cam M, Karateke A. Validation of the short forms of the incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) in a turkish population. Neurourol Urodyn 2007;26(1):129-133.
- Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2018 (TNSA 2018). Erişim tarihi: 15.01.2021 Available from: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
- Demircan N, Özmen Ü, Köktürk F, Küçük H, Ata Ş, Harma M, et al. What are the probable predictors of urinary incontinence during pregnancy? 2016; Peer J, 4:e2283.
- Kocaöz S, Talas MS, Atabekoğlu CS. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and their quality of life. J Clin Nurs. 2010; 19:3314-3323.
- Uslu Yuvacı H, Aslan M, Yerli̇ N, Cevri̇oğlu A. Nullipar gebelerde inkontinans prevalansı ve risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res. 2019; 3(3): 213-218.
- Gökalp C, Okumuş H, Bilgiç D. Gebelikte trimesterlere göre üriner inkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi. Çukurova Tıp Dergisi 2020; 45(3):954-962.
- Lee JA, Johns TS, Melamed ML, Tellechea L, Laudano M, Stern JM, et al. Associations between socioeconomic status and urge urinary incontinence: an analysis of nhanes 2005 to 2016. J Urol. 2020; 203(2):379-384.
- Balık G, Güven ES, Tekin YB, Şentürk Ş, Kağıtçı M, Üstüner I, et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Lower Urin Tract Symptoms. 2016; 8(2), 120–124.
- Ahmad QT, Saffarini JH, Samara AM, Dabri DS, Safarini ZH, Banijaber YM, et al. The impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on the quality of life during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Urol 2020; 20,191.