The Roman Colonizatıon Activity and the Effects of the Colonıes on the frst Punic War

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 529 - 545, 27.12.2019

Olcay Turan

https://doi.org/10.21551/jhf.639901

Öz

The idea of colonization first appeared as a consequence of lack of local population which needs to support the
settled life. Before the Roman colonization, the Phoenicians and Helens established many colony settlements across
the Mediterranean and Black Sea due to the economic or political reasons. However, the Romans who had a militarist character, established colonies as a solution to the military needs. Especially until the First Punic War in 264
B.C. Romans spread their sovereignty both in Italy and in occupied territories by its colonies. As their military value
proved, the Romans used their colonies against the Carthage in the First Punic Wars. Rome used its colonies in the
defense of coastline as well as in recruiting some of new seamen. From this point of view, the colonies were critical in
the Roman victory in the war. This study aims to reveal how the colonies effected the war and its outcome.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rome, Carthage, First Punic War, Roman Citizen Colonies, Latin Colonies

Roma Kolonizasyon Hareketi Ve Kolonilerin I. Pön Savaşına Etkisi

Öz

İnsanoğlunun yerleşik
yaşama geçmesi ile beraber zaman içerisinde yerleşimlerin ortaya çıktığı
bölgelerin, yerel nüfusun ihtiyacını karşılayamaması sonucunda kolonizasyon
fikri ortaya çıkmıştır. Roma kolonizasyon hareketi öncesinde özellikle Fenikeliler
ve Helenler ekonomik ya da siyasi sebeplerle Akdeniz ile Karadeniz’in farklı
bölgelerinde pek çok koloni yerleşimi kurmuşlardır. Bununla beraber militarist
bir yapıya sahip olan Romalılar, kendilerinden önceki kolonizayon
hareketlerinden farklı olarak temelde askeri ihtiyaçlara cevap vermek gayesi
ile koloniler inşa etmişlerdir. Özellikle I. Pön Savaşının başladığı M.Ö. 264
tarihine kadar geçen zaman zarfında Roma, tesis etmiş olduğu koloniler
vasıtasıyla İtalya’da siyasi egemenliğini yaydığı gibi aynı zamanda ele
geçirmiş olduğu bölgelerdeki hâkimiyetini de kuvvetlendirmiştir.  Roma, askeri açıdan işlevsel olduğu çeşitli
hadiseler sonucunda kanıtlanmış olan kolonilerin askeri faydalarından Kartaca
karşısında I. Pön Savaşı esnasında da yararlanmıştır. Roma,  özellikle kıyı bölgelerin savunmasında
kolonilerden yararlandığı gibi aynı zamanda donanma için gerekli denizcilerin
bir kısmını da buralardan temin etmiştir. Konu bu açıdan ele alındığında
kolonilerin savaşın kazanılmasına ciddi oranda katkı sağladığı görülmektedir.
Söz konusu çalışmada kolonilerin savaşın gidişatı ve sonucunu ne oranda
etkilediği irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Roma, Kartaca, I. Pön savaşı, Vatandaş Kolonileri, Latin Kolonileri

Kaynakça

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