Visual representation of Mevlana’s Philosophy in paintings from the middle ages to the present

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: Special Issue: Mevlana's Philosophy and Art, 63 - 83

Mert Yavaşca

Abstract

Mevlevism is a Sufi tradition founded on the teachings of Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi in the 13th century. Known for its unique whirling ritual called the Sema, Mevleviism emphasizes love, compassion, and the unity of all beings. Mevlevi dervishes, or semazenes, express these spiritual concepts through their graceful movements and music. Mevlevism, known for its profound spiritual philosophy, music and whirling rituals, has inspired artists across diverse cultures and periods. The visual language of Mevleviism has captivated miniature painting artists, orientalist painters and Turkish painters who have infused their paintings with these evocative images. Western art sources from the Middle Ages to the present century feature prominent depictions of Mevlevi figures, Sufis, and dervishes. These portrayals often emphasize their distinctive appearances, such as their dance movements, ceremonial attire, and clothing styles, to capture the viewer's attention. While 18th-century European art focused on detailed and captivating depictions of places, figures, and ceremonies, the 19th century saw the emergence of Orientalist influences. This trend evolved significantly in the 20th century, with artists like Osman Hamdi Bey adopting a more allegorical and diverse approach to the subject. The captivating performance of the whirling dervishes and the rich, mystical symbolism associated with Mevlevism continue to inspire artists, offering a deep well of creative possibilities. By analyzing artworks from various regions, the study explores how the Mevlevi's distinct spiritual and cultural motifs—such as the Sema dance, dervish attire, and mystical iconography—have been visually interpreted and reinterpreted. Methodologically, the study utilizes a historical-interpretive approach, assessing both Eastern and Western artistic depictions to reveal evolving perspectives on Mevlevi philosophy. The findings underscore the Mevlevi Order's role as a vital subject in art, embodying both specific religious symbolism and universal themes of spirituality and transcendence.

Keywords

sufi, dervish, art of painting, art history, Mevlana’s Philosophy

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