Research Article

Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation

Volume: 10 Number: 4 December 31, 2025
EN TR

Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation

Abstract

Backround This study aimed to formulate a natural sunscreen containing botanical extracts and to evaluate its physicochemical stability, spectroscopic characteristics, particle size distribution and antimicrobial performance. The assessment focused on the clinical relevance of pH, viscosity, UV absorption capacity and microbial safety parameters. Materials and Methods The sunscreen formulation was prepared as a 100 g batch by separately heating the oil and aqueous phases containing emulsifiers, emollients, stabilizers and chelating agents to 60 °C. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using a disk diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. hirae, and C. albicans, employing standardized inocula, appropriate controls, and measurement of inhibition zones. Results The formulation demonstrated a skin-compatible pH of 7.15 and a viscosity of 16,900 cP under controlled conditions. FT-IR analysis identified characteristic peaks at 2917 cm-1 and 2853 cm⁻¹ (Shea Butter), 3358 cm⁻¹ (green tea polyphenols) and 1635 cm⁻¹ (Aloe vera), confirming the integrity of natural actives. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed strong absorption around 220 nm, with significant activity across 230–300 nm, indicating effective UVC–UVB protection. Antimicrobial testing showed minimal diffusion based activity: inhibition zones ranged from 6.00 ± 0.33 mm for E. coli to 8.00 ± 0.67 mm for E. hirae and C. albicans. Compared to ofloxacin (17–33 mm) and nystatin (25 mm). Conclusion The natural nanosized sunscreen exhibited favorable physicochemical stability, effective UV absorption properties and structurally validated biological components. The antimicrobial formulation has demonstrated protective efficacy suitable for cosmetic use. Overall, the results support the sunscreen’s potential as a safe, stable and biocompatible topical product for routine skin protection.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Bacteriology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gözde Güler This is me
Türkiye

Emirhan Şallı This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

December 1, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 28, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 10 Number: 4

APA
Kalay, Ş., Güler, G., Şallı, E., & Bozyel, M. E. (2025). Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, 10(4), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1833905
AMA
1.Kalay Ş, Güler G, Şallı E, Bozyel ME. Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation. J Immunol Clin Microbiol. 2025;10(4):108-120. doi:10.58854/jicm.1833905
Chicago
Kalay, Şaban, Gözde Güler, Emirhan Şallı, and Mustafa Eray Bozyel. 2025. “Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation”. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 10 (4): 108-20. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1833905.
EndNote
Kalay Ş, Güler G, Şallı E, Bozyel ME (December 1, 2025) Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 10 4 108–120.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Kalay, G. Güler, E. Şallı, and M. E. Bozyel, “Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation”, J Immunol Clin Microbiol, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 108–120, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.58854/jicm.1833905.
ISNAD
Kalay, Şaban - Güler, Gözde - Şallı, Emirhan - Bozyel, Mustafa Eray. “Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation”. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology 10/4 (December 1, 2025): 108-120. https://doi.org/10.58854/jicm.1833905.
JAMA
1.Kalay Ş, Güler G, Şallı E, Bozyel ME. Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation. J Immunol Clin Microbiol. 2025;10:108–120.
MLA
Kalay, Şaban, et al. “Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation”. Journal of Immunology and Clinical Microbiology, vol. 10, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 108-20, doi:10.58854/jicm.1833905.
Vancouver
1.Şaban Kalay, Gözde Güler, Emirhan Şallı, Mustafa Eray Bozyel. Development, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of a New Natural Based Sunscreen Formulation. J Immunol Clin Microbiol. 2025 Dec. 1;10(4):108-20. doi:10.58854/jicm.1833905

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