Maggot Debridement Therapy and Its Important Components: Antimicrobial Agent Chymotrypsin and It's Protein Structure

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 107 - 117, 31.12.2019

Emrah Erdoğan Abdüssamed Akşit , Ahmet Gürgel Serkan Karaca Bora Özkan

Abstract

Background:   

Chronic wounds that
do not heal are a major health problem worldwide. The colonization of the
tissues with polymicrobial flora in all chronic wounds is the factor that
retards the healing. Systemic and topical antibiotics or antiseptics are used
to treat clinical infections in non-healing wounds. In recent studies, however,
it has been stated that antibiotics do not support the desired outcome in wound
healing. With the increase in antibiotic use, bacterial resistance problem
arises in the treatment of bacterial colonization. There is an urgent need to
support and define effective strategies in chronic wound therapies that do not
respond to antibiotics. This situation causes the physicians to focus on
different areas and to be interested in treatment modalities. Today, successful
application of Maggot Debridement Treatment (MDT) is very interesting.n our study; The aim of this study was to isolate the chymotrypsin gene, which is effective in wound treatment, in the laboratory by using molecular methods 

Materials and Methods: The
Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Parasitology, genomic
DNA was isolated from the second stage larvae from the L. sericata colony in
which we maintain the life cycle. PCR was performed using primers specific to
the L. sericata chymotrypsin gene region.

Results: ,
After
isolation of genomic DNA (gDNA) from L.
sericata, Chymotrypsin gene region was amplified using originally designed
primers with PCR.  PCR product of 455 bp was obtained. The
in-silico analysis of amino acids encoding the protein of Chymotrypsin have
shown that is approximately 25 kDa.

Conclusions: The elimination of drug-resistant pathogens has an
important role in wound treatment. Especially the second stage larvae of L. sericata
release microorganisms by secreting antimicrobial enzymes. Therefore, L. sericata
larvae are important in the treatment of infected wounds. Bacteria in chronic
wounds are usually found in biofilm. These bacteria in biofilm are protected
from antibiotics and immune system. Maggot secretions are effective against
biofilms formed by bacteria such as Staphylococcus
aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Bacteria with biofilm degradation; antibiotics, immune system activities and
worm action is becoming more sensitive. The L.
sericata larvae debride the wound
site and contribute to the deterioration of this biofilm with the secretion of
chymotrypsin, one of the important defensin molecules. At the same time,
chymotrypsin protein has important functions that accelerate wound healing and
induce scar tissue formation. The treatment of chronic and non-healing wounds
is complicated by various reasons, and we think that the experimental animals,
which provide alternative mechanisms and the important mechanisms of these
compounds, are extremely important.

Keywords

MDT, Lucilia sericata, Biofilm, chymotrypsin, antibiotic resistance

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