Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında nüfusun büyük bir bölümünün köylerde yaşaması, eğitim politikalarının kırsal alanlar merkezli olarak planlanmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu çerçevede köy okulları, okuryazarlığın artırılması, ulusal bilincin güçlendirilmesi ve modernleşme hedeflerinin köylü nüfusa aktarılmasında önemli bir unsur olarak görülmüştür. Cumhuriyetin ilanıyla başlayan köycülük çalışmaları içesinde eğitim geniş yer bulmuş, çıkarılan kanunlarla desteklenmiştir. 1924 tarihli Köy Kanunu ile köylerde ilkokul açılması zorunlu hale getirilmiş, köy halkı okul binalarının yapım ve bakımından sorumlu tutulmuştur. 1926 tarihli Maarif Teşkilatı Kanunu ise ilköğretimin idari yapısını yeniden düzenleyerek köy okullarının planlanması, inşası ve denetlenmesini Maarif Vekâleti’nin yetkisine bağlamıştır. Bu dönemde köy okulları, sınırlı imkânlara rağmen yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılmış; bina yapımında yerel emek ve devlet desteğinin birlikte kullanıldığı bir model benimsenmiştir. Köy okullarının etkin biçimde işleyebilmesi için öğretmen ihtiyacının karşılanması da öncelikli bir politika alanı olmuştur. Bu amaçla köy öğretmen okulları, eğitmen kursları ve Köy Eğitmenleri Kanunu gibi uygulamalar hayata geçirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin köy yaşamına uyum sağlayabilecek niteliklerde yetiştirilmesi hedeflenmiş; eğitim programlarında pratik bilgi, üretim ve günlük yaşamla bağlantılı içeriklere yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Atatürk döneminde köy okullarının yaygınlaştırılması için yapılan çalışmalara değinilmiştir.
HERHANGİ BİR KURUMDAN DESTEK ALINMAMIŞTIR
In the early years of the Republic, the fact that a large proportion of the population lived in rural areas made it necessary for educational policies to be planned with a rural focus. Within this framework, village schools were regarded as a crucial instrument for increasing literacy, strengthening national consciousness, and transmitting the goals of modernization to the rural population. Educational initiatives occupied a significant place within the rural development policies that began with the proclamation of the Republic and were supported by various legislative measures.With the Village Law of 1924, the establishment of primary schools in villages was made compulsory, and village communities were held responsible for the construction, maintenance, and repair of school buildings. The Law on the Organization of Education enacted in 1926 reorganized the administrative structure of primary education and placed the planning, construction, and supervision of village schools under the authority of the Ministry of Education. Despite limited resources, efforts were made during this period to expand the number of village schools, adopting a model that combined local labor with state support in school construction. Ensuring an adequate supply of teachers was another priority policy area to enable village schools to function effectively. To this end, village teacher training schools, instructor courses, and legal regulations such as the Village Instructors Law were implemented. The training of teachers capable of adapting to rural life was emphasized, and educational programs incorporated practical knowledge, production-oriented skills, and content closely connected to daily life. This study examines the initiatives undertaken during the Atatürk era to expand and strengthen village schools.
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Philosophical and Social Foundations of Education |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | November 6, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | December 26, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 22 |
The Aim of The Journal
The Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Researches (JIER) published by the Interdisciplinary Educational and Research Association (JIER)A) is an internationally eminent journal.
JIER, a nonprofit, nonprofit NGO, is concerned with improving the education system within the context of its corporate objectives and social responsibility policies. JIER, has the potential to solve educational problems and has a strong gratification for the contributions of qualified scientific researchers.
JIER has the purpose of serving the construction of an education system that can win the knowledge and skills that each individual should have firstly in our country and then in the world. In addition, JIER serves to disseminate the academic work that contributes to the professional development of teachers and academicians, offering concrete solutions to the problems of all levels of education, from preschool education to higher education.
JIER has the priority to contribute to more qualified school practices. Creating and managing content within this context will help to advance towards the goal of being a "focus magazine" and "magazine school", and will also form the basis for a holistic view of educational issues. It also acts as an intermediary in the production of common mind for sustainable development and education