A Literature Review on Economizer Designs and CFD Analysis Methods

Abstract

Improving energy efficiency in industrial facilities is essential for both economic sustainability and environmental impact reduction. In this context, economizers play a key role in boiler systems by recovering waste heat from flue gases, thereby reducing fuel consumption, operating costs, and emissions. This review paper examines boiler economizer design principles, heat transfer mechanisms, geometric parameters, and performance enhancement strategies based on existing literature. Fundamental studies published before 2015, along with recent national and international publications from 2020–2025, were systematically reviewed. The analyzed works include experimental investigations, CFD-based numerical studies, and analytical approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on finned tube geometries, flow arrangement modifications, material selection, corrosion and fouling effects, and operating conditions influencing heat transfer, pressure drop, and overall efficiency. The findings indicate that CFD-supported geometric optimization significantly improves economizer performance. This review provides a scientific foundation for future original economizer design and CFD studies.

Keywords

• Waste Heat Recovery (WHR)
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• Economizer
• Heat Transfer
• Boiler Systems

Ethical Statement

The author declares that this study is a literature review and does not involve any human or animal subjects. Scientific ethical rules, citation standards, and plagiarism policies have been strictly followed during the preparation of this manuscript

Thanks

The authors did not receive any financial support for this study.

Ekonomizer Tasarımları ve CFD Analiz Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir Literatür Derlemesi

Abstract

Endüstriyel tesislerde enerji verimliliğinin artırılması hem ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması hem de çevresel etkilerin azaltılması açısından günümüzde kritik bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, atık ısı geri kazanım sistemleri içerisinde yer alan ekonomizerler; özellikle kazan sistemlerinde baca gazlarında bulunan kullanılmamış ısının geri kazanılmasını sağlayarak yakıt tüketimini, işletme maliyetlerini ve zararlı emisyonları azaltan önemli ısı değiştirici ekipmanlardır. Bu derleme makalesinde, kazan ekonomizerlerinin tasarım prensipleri, ısı transfer mekanizmaları, geometrik parametreleri ve performans artırmaya yönelik geliştirilen yöntemler literatür ışığında kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, 2015 yılı öncesine ait temel çalışmalar ile ağırlıklı olarak 2020–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ulusal ve uluslararası akademik yayınlar taranmıştır. İncelenen literatür; deneysel çalışmalar, hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği (CFD) tabanlı sayısal analizler ve analitik yöntemler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmaları kapsamaktadır. Özellikle kanatlı boru geometrileri, akış düzenlemeleri, malzeme seçimi, korozyon ve kirlenme etkileri ile işletme koşullarının ısı transfer katsayısı, basınç kaybı ve genel sistem verimi üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Literatürden elde edilen bulgular, uygun geometrik optimizasyon ve CFD destekli tasarım yaklaşımlarının ekonomizer performansını anlamlı ölçüde artırabildiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın, ilerleyen aşamalarda gerçekleştirilecek özgün bir ekonomizer tasarımı ve buna yönelik CFD analizleri için bilimsel ve metodolojik bir altyapı oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Atık Isı Geri Kazanımı
• CFD (Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği)
• Ekonomizer
• Isı Transferi
• Kazan Sistemleri

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma bir literatür derlemesi olup, içeriğinde insan veya hayvan deneklerin kullanıldığı herhangi bir deneysel çalışma yer almamaktadır. Makalenin hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel etik ilkelere, atıf kurallarına ve yayın etiğine tam uyum sağlanmıştır.

Thanks

Yazarlar bu çalışma için herhangi bir finansal destek almamıştır.

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