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Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Engellerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi (Fırat Üniversitesi Örneği)

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 219 - 234, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.34137/jilses.790840

Abstract

Eleştirel düşünebilme 21. yüzyıl eğitim ortamlarının yaşamsal becerisidir. Bu becerinin yükseköğretim kurumlarındaki gerekliliği yapılan araştırmalarla ispatlanmıştır. Bu denli önemle üzerinde durulan bu becerinin hâlihazırda üniversite kademesine gelmiş öğrencilerde istenilen düzeyde bulunmadığı da açıktır. Bu durumda öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünebilmelerinin önündeki engelleri ortaya çıkarmak bu durumu netleştirmek ve çözüm önerileri geliştirebilmek noktasında önem arz etmektedir. Bu noktadan yola çıkarak tarama modelinde tasarlan araştırmanın veri toplama aracı olarak Semerci vd. tarafından geliştirilen ELDEN ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Fırat Üniversitesi Batı Dilleri ve Edebiyatları Bölümünde okuyan 330 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme engelleri düzeyi belirlemek üzere betimsel istatistiksel işlemler uygulanmıştır. Öte yandan eleştirel düşünme engellerinin bazı değişkenler bazında ne derece değişiklik gösterdiğini belirlemek için de bağımsız gruplar t testi ve tek yönü varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları aşağıdaki gibidir:
Katılımcıların eleştirel düşünme engelleri düzeyinin orta derecede olduğu anlaşılmıştır. İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin diğer bölümde okuyan öğrencilere oranla daha fazla eleştirel düşünme engeline sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Eleştirel düşünme engelleri düzeyi cinsiyete göre farklılaşmamaktadır. Son olarak da eleştirel düşünme engelleri yaş değişkeni bağlamında değişiklik göstermektedir.

References

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  • Akar, Ü. (2007). Öğretmen Adaylarının Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri ve Eleştirel Düşünme Beceri Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans Tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Arcidiacono, P., Bayer, P., & Hizmo, A. (2010). Beyond signaling and human capital: Education and the revelation of ability. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(4), 76–104.
  • Arum, R., & Roska, J. (2011). Limited learning on college campuses. Society, 48, 203–207.
  • Behar-Horenstein, L., and Niu. L. (2011). “Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature.” Journal of College Teaching and Learning 8 (2), 25–42.
  • Bezanilla, M.J., Fernández-Nogueira,D., Poblete, M.,and Galindo-Domínguez, H. (2019). Methodologies for teaching-learning critical thinking in higher education: The teacher’s view. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33,(2019),100584,1-10.
  • Blackmore,J.(2001). Universities in crisis? Knowledge economies, emancipatory pedagogies, and the critical intellectual. Educational Theory, 51(3), 353–370.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cottrell, S. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills Developing Effective Analysis and Argument. Palgrave, McMillan, NewYork.
  • Crenshaw, P., Hale, E., & Harper, S. (2011). Producing intellectual labor in the classroom: The utilization of a critical thinking model to help students take command of their thinking. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 8(7), 13–26.
  • Danvers E. (2018) Who is the critical thinker in higher education? A feminist re-thinking, Teaching in Higher Education, 23(5), 548-562.
  • Davies, M. (2003). A cautionary note about the teaching of critical reasoning. Paper Presented at the 'Learning for an Unknown Future' Conference, Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia (HERDSA).
  • Davies,M.(2011).Introduction to the special issue on critical thinking in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 255–260.
  • Deutschman, A. (1991). The trouble with MBAs. July 29 Fortune, 67–79.
  • Dwyer, C. P. (2017). To teach or not to teach critical thinking: A reply to Hubner and Kuncel. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 92 –95.
  • Elder. L. The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking for Children, Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA, 2006, 2nd Ed.
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  • Franco, A. R., Costa, P. S., Butler, H. A., & Almeida, L. S. (2017). Assessment of undergraduates’ real-world outcomes of critical thinking in everyday situations. Psychological Reports, 120(4), 707–720.
  • Gellin, A. (2003). The Effect of Undergraduate Student Involvement on Critical Thinking: A Meta-Analysis of Literature 1991–2000. Journal of College Student Development, 44 (6): 746–762.
  • Giancarlo, C. A., & Facione, P. A. (2001). A look across four years at the disposition toward critical thinking among undergraduate students. The Journal of General Education, 50(1), 29–55.
  • Gimenez,M.E.(1989).Silence in the classroom: Some thoughts about teaching in the 1980s. Teaching Sociology, 17, 184–191.
  • Gülveren, H. (2007). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri ve Bu Becerileri Etkileyen Eleştirel Düşünme Faktörleri. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gündoğdu, H. (2012). Niçin Eleştirel Düşünemiyoruz? Eleştirel Düşünmenin Engelleri. Bilim ve Aklın Aydınlığında Eğitim, 146, 43-52.
  • Güven, M., Kürüm, D. (2006). Ögrenme Stilleri ve Eleştirel Düşünme Arasındaki İlişkiye Genel Bir Bakış. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1 (2006), 75-90.
  • Halpern,D.F.(1993). Assessing the effectiveness of critical thinking instruction. The Journal of General Education, 42(4), 238–254.
  • Halpern, D. (2003). Thought & knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers 2003 Mahwah, New Jersey.
  • Halpern, D. F. (2014). Thought and knowledge. An introduction to critical thinking (5th ed). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Huber, C., & Kuncel, N. (2016). Does college teach critical thinking? A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 86(2), 431–468.
  • Kanbay, Y., Işık, E., Arslan, Ö.,Özdemir, H. (2012). Akademik Personelde Eleştirel Düşünme Eğiliminin İncelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3), 189-201.
  • Kavanagh, J., & Rich, M. D. (2018). Truth decay: An initial exploration of the diminishing role of facts and analysis in American public life. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
  • Karakaya İ. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. A. Tanrıöğen (Yay. Haz.). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri İçinde (ss.59-62). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Knight, P. (2007). Grading, classifying and future learning. In D. Boud & N. Falchikov (Eds.,), Rethinking assessment in higher education: Learning for the longer term (pp. 72- 86). New York: Routledge.
  • Kürüm, D. (2002). Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Düşünme Gücü. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Liu, O. L. (2011). Value-Added Assessment in Higher Education: A Comparison of Two Methods. Higher Education, 61 (4), 445–461.
  • Marin, L. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2011). Pedagogy for developing critical thinking in adolescents: Explicit instruction produces greatest gains. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 6(1), 1–13.
  • McDonough, M. (1997). An Assessment of Critical Thinking at the Community College Level. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Columbia University teacher College, Columbia.
  • Mitchell, R., Myles, F., Johnston, B., & Ford, P. (2003). Criticality and the ‘Key skills’ agenda in undergraduate linguistics. University of southampton. Notes of talk given at subject centre for languages.
  • Moeti, B., Mgawi, R., & Mealosi, W. (2017). Critical thinking among post-graduate diploma in education students in higher education: Reality of fuss? Journal of Education and Learning, 6(2), 13–24.
  • Moore, T. (2011). Critical thinking and disciplinary thinking: A continuing debate. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 261–274.
  • Moore, T. (2013). Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept. Studies in Higher Education, 38(4), 506–522.
  • Niu, L., Behar-Horenstein, L, and Garvan, C.W. (2013). Do Instructional Interventions Influence College Students’ Critical Thinking Skills? A Meta-Analysis. Educational Research Review 9, 114–28.
  • Özdelikara, A., Bingöl, G., Görgen, Ö. (2012). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimleri ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörler. İ.Ü.F.N. Hemşirelik Dergisi, 20(3), 219-226.
  • Özdemir, S.M. (2005). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerilerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 297-316.
  • Öztürk, N., Ulusoy, H. (2008). Lisans ve yüksek lisans hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme düzeyleri ve eleştirel düşünmeyi etkileyen faktörler. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 1(1): 15-25.
  • Paul,R.(2004).The state of critical thinking today. 13.02.2020 tarihinde The Critical Thinking Community http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-state-of-critical-thinkingtoday/523 adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Paul, R. & Elder. L. (2009). The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools, Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA, 5th Ed.
  • Puig, B., Blanco-Anaya, P., Bargiela, I. M. & Crujeiras-Pérez, B. (2019) A systematic review on critical thinking intervention studies in higher education across professional fields, Studies in Higher Education, 44(5), 860-869.
  • Renaud, R. D., & Murray, H. G. (2008). Comparison of a subject-specific and a general measure of critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(2), 85–93.
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Examining the Critical Thinking Barriers of College Students in terms of Some Variables (Fırat University Case)

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 219 - 234, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.34137/jilses.790840

Abstract

Critical thinking is a vital skill for the educational settings of 21st century. The necessity of this skill in higher education has been proved by research. However, it is clear that the college students have not developed critical thinking skills as intended. In this case, in order to clarify this problem and offer some solutions it is important to reveal the barriers to critical thinking. The current research was designed as a survey model. Semerci and others’ (2019) Critical Thinking Barriers Scale was utilized. The scale was implemented to 330 undergraduates of Fırat University department of Western Languages and Literatures. Descriptive statistics were utilized to determine the participants’ level of critical thinking barriers. On the other hand, independent samples t test and one way anova test were done to determine whether these barriers differ in terms of some variables. The results of the study:
The participants have moderate levels of critical thinking barriers. The students in the department of English Language and Literature have more critical thinking barriers than the students in German Languages and Literatures department.There was no significant difference between critical thinking barriers and gender. Lastly, there was a significant difference between age and critical thinking barriers.

References

  • Abrami,P.C.,Bernard,R.M.,Borokhovski,E.,Wade,A.,Surkes,M.A.,Tamim,R.,etal.(2008).Instructional interventions affecting CT skills and dispositions: A stage 1 meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 1102–1134.
  • Aikin, S. F., & Talisse, R. B. (2014). Why we argue (and how we should). New York: Routledge.
  • Aliakbari, M., & Sadeghdaghighi, A. (2011). Investigation of the relationship between gender, field of study, and critical thinking skill: the case of Iranian students. Proceedings of the 16th Conference of PanPacific Association of Applied Linguistics.
  • Akar, Ü. (2007). Öğretmen Adaylarının Bilimsel Süreç Becerileri ve Eleştirel Düşünme Beceri Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans Tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Arcidiacono, P., Bayer, P., & Hizmo, A. (2010). Beyond signaling and human capital: Education and the revelation of ability. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(4), 76–104.
  • Arum, R., & Roska, J. (2011). Limited learning on college campuses. Society, 48, 203–207.
  • Behar-Horenstein, L., and Niu. L. (2011). “Teaching Critical Thinking Skills in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature.” Journal of College Teaching and Learning 8 (2), 25–42.
  • Bezanilla, M.J., Fernández-Nogueira,D., Poblete, M.,and Galindo-Domínguez, H. (2019). Methodologies for teaching-learning critical thinking in higher education: The teacher’s view. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33,(2019),100584,1-10.
  • Blackmore,J.(2001). Universities in crisis? Knowledge economies, emancipatory pedagogies, and the critical intellectual. Educational Theory, 51(3), 353–370.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cottrell, S. (2005). Critical Thinking Skills Developing Effective Analysis and Argument. Palgrave, McMillan, NewYork.
  • Crenshaw, P., Hale, E., & Harper, S. (2011). Producing intellectual labor in the classroom: The utilization of a critical thinking model to help students take command of their thinking. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 8(7), 13–26.
  • Danvers E. (2018) Who is the critical thinker in higher education? A feminist re-thinking, Teaching in Higher Education, 23(5), 548-562.
  • Davies, M. (2003). A cautionary note about the teaching of critical reasoning. Paper Presented at the 'Learning for an Unknown Future' Conference, Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia (HERDSA).
  • Davies,M.(2011).Introduction to the special issue on critical thinking in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 255–260.
  • Deutschman, A. (1991). The trouble with MBAs. July 29 Fortune, 67–79.
  • Dwyer, C. P. (2017). To teach or not to teach critical thinking: A reply to Hubner and Kuncel. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 92 –95.
  • Elder. L. The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking for Children, Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA, 2006, 2nd Ed.
  • Elder, L. Foundation for Critical Thinking. 12 Şubat 2020 tarihinde http://www.criticalthinking.org/aboutCT/define_critical_thinking.cfm adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Facione, P. A. (2013). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight Assessment https://www.nyack.edu/files/CT_What_Why_2013.pdf. Adlı internet sitesinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Franco, A. R., Costa, P. S., Butler, H. A., & Almeida, L. S. (2017). Assessment of undergraduates’ real-world outcomes of critical thinking in everyday situations. Psychological Reports, 120(4), 707–720.
  • Gellin, A. (2003). The Effect of Undergraduate Student Involvement on Critical Thinking: A Meta-Analysis of Literature 1991–2000. Journal of College Student Development, 44 (6): 746–762.
  • Giancarlo, C. A., & Facione, P. A. (2001). A look across four years at the disposition toward critical thinking among undergraduate students. The Journal of General Education, 50(1), 29–55.
  • Gimenez,M.E.(1989).Silence in the classroom: Some thoughts about teaching in the 1980s. Teaching Sociology, 17, 184–191.
  • Gülveren, H. (2007). Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri ve Bu Becerileri Etkileyen Eleştirel Düşünme Faktörleri. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gündoğdu, H. (2012). Niçin Eleştirel Düşünemiyoruz? Eleştirel Düşünmenin Engelleri. Bilim ve Aklın Aydınlığında Eğitim, 146, 43-52.
  • Güven, M., Kürüm, D. (2006). Ögrenme Stilleri ve Eleştirel Düşünme Arasındaki İlişkiye Genel Bir Bakış. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1 (2006), 75-90.
  • Halpern,D.F.(1993). Assessing the effectiveness of critical thinking instruction. The Journal of General Education, 42(4), 238–254.
  • Halpern, D. (2003). Thought & knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers 2003 Mahwah, New Jersey.
  • Halpern, D. F. (2014). Thought and knowledge. An introduction to critical thinking (5th ed). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Huber, C., & Kuncel, N. (2016). Does college teach critical thinking? A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 86(2), 431–468.
  • Kanbay, Y., Işık, E., Arslan, Ö.,Özdemir, H. (2012). Akademik Personelde Eleştirel Düşünme Eğiliminin İncelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3), 189-201.
  • Kavanagh, J., & Rich, M. D. (2018). Truth decay: An initial exploration of the diminishing role of facts and analysis in American public life. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
  • Karakaya İ. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. A. Tanrıöğen (Yay. Haz.). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri İçinde (ss.59-62). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Knight, P. (2007). Grading, classifying and future learning. In D. Boud & N. Falchikov (Eds.,), Rethinking assessment in higher education: Learning for the longer term (pp. 72- 86). New York: Routledge.
  • Kürüm, D. (2002). Öğretmen Adaylarının Eleştirel Düşünme Gücü. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Liu, O. L. (2011). Value-Added Assessment in Higher Education: A Comparison of Two Methods. Higher Education, 61 (4), 445–461.
  • Marin, L. M., & Halpern, D. F. (2011). Pedagogy for developing critical thinking in adolescents: Explicit instruction produces greatest gains. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 6(1), 1–13.
  • McDonough, M. (1997). An Assessment of Critical Thinking at the Community College Level. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Columbia University teacher College, Columbia.
  • Mitchell, R., Myles, F., Johnston, B., & Ford, P. (2003). Criticality and the ‘Key skills’ agenda in undergraduate linguistics. University of southampton. Notes of talk given at subject centre for languages.
  • Moeti, B., Mgawi, R., & Mealosi, W. (2017). Critical thinking among post-graduate diploma in education students in higher education: Reality of fuss? Journal of Education and Learning, 6(2), 13–24.
  • Moore, T. (2011). Critical thinking and disciplinary thinking: A continuing debate. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 261–274.
  • Moore, T. (2013). Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept. Studies in Higher Education, 38(4), 506–522.
  • Niu, L., Behar-Horenstein, L, and Garvan, C.W. (2013). Do Instructional Interventions Influence College Students’ Critical Thinking Skills? A Meta-Analysis. Educational Research Review 9, 114–28.
  • Özdelikara, A., Bingöl, G., Görgen, Ö. (2012). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Eğilimleri ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörler. İ.Ü.F.N. Hemşirelik Dergisi, 20(3), 219-226.
  • Özdemir, S.M. (2005). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerilerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 297-316.
  • Öztürk, N., Ulusoy, H. (2008). Lisans ve yüksek lisans hemşirelik öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme düzeyleri ve eleştirel düşünmeyi etkileyen faktörler. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 1(1): 15-25.
  • Paul,R.(2004).The state of critical thinking today. 13.02.2020 tarihinde The Critical Thinking Community http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/the-state-of-critical-thinkingtoday/523 adresinden edinilmiştir.
  • Paul, R. & Elder. L. (2009). The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools, Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA, 5th Ed.
  • Puig, B., Blanco-Anaya, P., Bargiela, I. M. & Crujeiras-Pérez, B. (2019) A systematic review on critical thinking intervention studies in higher education across professional fields, Studies in Higher Education, 44(5), 860-869.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seçil Tümen Akyıldız 0000-0003-4116-7344

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date September 5, 2020
Acceptance Date November 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tümen Akyıldız, S. (2020). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Engellerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi (Fırat Üniversitesi Örneği). The Journal of International Lingual Social and Educational Sciences, 6(2), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.34137/jilses.790840