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Paflagonyalı Themistius’un Siyaset Felsefesinin Odak Noktası: Philanthropia ya da Evrensel Kardeşlik Düşüncesi

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 12 - 28, 30.11.2017

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın konusu,
Paflagonyalı Themistius’un (MS. 317-393) “philanthropia” (evrensel kardeşlik)
düşüncesinin ele alınmasıdır. Paflagonya, Antikçağ’da Kastamonu’nun ve
Pompeiopolis’in merkez olduğu bölgenin ortak adıdır. Roma
siyasal düşüncesinin etkili olduğu bir dönemde, Hellenistik dönem felsefesini
sürdürmeye çalışan Themistius’un babası Eugenius da kendisi gibi bir
düşünürdür. Bu sebeple çok küçük yaşlardan itibaren Themistius felsefe
tartışmalarıyla iç içe büyümüştür. Paflagonya’nın Ilgaz dağ sıralarının
eteklerine yakın bir yöresinde doğduğu düşünülen Themistius, daha sonra
Constantinopolis’te (İstanbul’da) eğitimini tamamlamış ve gençlik yıllarında da
İzmit (Nicomedia) ve Ankara’da (Ancyra) felsefe ve retorik eğitimi vererek
öğreticilik yapmıştır. Otuzlu yaşlarının başında İmparator II. Konstantius’a
söylev vermek için İstanbul’a davet edilmiş ve bu şekilde ünü giderek yayılmaya
başlamıştır. 347-355 arasında yine Constantinopolis’te bir felsefe okulu açmayı
başarmıştır. Felsefeci olduğu kadar bir devlet adamı da olan Themistius,
İmparator II. Konstantius döneminde, sırasıyla senatörlük (350), İmparatorluğun
doğu eyaletlerinde İmparator temsilciliği (357) ve Constantinopolis valiliği
(357) gibi çok kritik görevlerde bulunmuştur. Daha sonra gelen Julian, Jovian,
Valen ve Theodosius gibi Roma İmparatorları döneminde ise danışmanlık ve
eğitmenlik gibi görevlerde bulunmuş ve İmparatorlarla sık sık mektuplaşmıştır.
Themistius, geleneksel felsefeyi temel alan hoşgörü düşüncesini desteklemiş ve
“philanthropia”nın insanlar arasında hoşgörüyü geliştirebileceğine inanmıştır.
Bu çalışmada geç dönem Antikitenin hümanist isimlerinden birisi olan
Paflagonyalı Themistius, özel bir ideali, 
“philanthropia” ile birlikte ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. 

References

  • Mehmet Ali Ağaoğulları, Sokratesten Jakobenlere Batı’da Siyasal Düşünceler, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, Bilgesu Yayınları, Ankara, 2011.
  • Christopher Jones. “Themistius After The Death Of Julian”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 59, H. 4, 2010, s. 501-506.
  • Glanville Downey. “Education and Public Problems as seen by Themistius”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association,Vol. 86, 1955, s. 291-307.
  • Glanville Downey. “Themistius and the Defense of Hellenism in the Fourth Century”, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1957, s. 259-274.
  • John Vanderspoel. Themistius and the Imperial Court, Oratory, Civic Duty, and Paideia from Constantius to Theodosius, University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 1995.
  • John W. Watt. “From Themistius to al-Farabi: Platonic Political Philosophy and Aristotle's Rhetoric in the East”, Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1995, s. 17-41.
  • Lawrence. J. Daly. A Mandarin of Late Antiquity: The Political Life and Thought of Themistius, Ph.D Dissertation to School of Loyola University, 1970, s. 1-284.
  • Lawrence J. Daly. “Themistius' Plea for Religious Tolerance”, Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 12, 1971, s. 65-79.
  • Lawrence. J. Daly. “The Mandarin and the Barbarian: The Response of Themistius to the Gothic Challenge”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 21, H. 2, 1972, s. 351-379.
  • M. C. Lyons. “An Arabic Translation of the Commentary of Themistius” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,Vol. 17, No. 3, 1955, s. 426-435.
  • N.N. Bolgov, “Themistius and His Works in the context of Cultural Continuity”, Tactus Aevorum 1 (2), 2014, 175-184.
  • Peter Heather “Themistius: A Political Philosopher”, The Propaganda of Power: The Role of Panegyric in Late Antiquity içinde, edited by Mary Whitby, Brill Academic Publishers, London, 1998, s. 125-150.
  • Platon, Devlet, Toplu Diyaloglar I içinde, çev. Hüseyin Demirhan, önsöz: Selahattin Hilav, Eoa Yayınevi, Ankara, 2007, s. 391-735
  • Stephen A. Stertz. “A Hellenic Philosopher-Statesman in the Christian Roman Empire”, The Classical Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, 1976, s. 349-358.
  • Themistius, Select Orations of Themistius, Politics, Philosophy, and Fourth Century, Edited by Peter Heather and David Moncur, Liverpool University of Press, Liverpool, 2001.

The Focal Point in the Political Philosophy of Themistius of Paplagonia: Philanthropia or the Idea of Universal Brotherhood

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 12 - 28, 30.11.2017

Abstract

This article is devoted to the idea of philanthropia” (universal brotherhood) of Themistius of Paplagonia (A.D. 317-393). As known, Paplagonia is the mutual name of the region where Kastamonu and Pompeiopolis are a center in antiquity. Themistius, whose father Eugenius was a thinker like him, had been working to maintain Hellenistic philosophy when Rome political thought had been dominant. He got education in Constantinopolis and in his youth Themistius taught philosophy and rhetoric including Nicomedia and Ancyra. He became well-known and at the age of thirty, which had been invited to Constantinople to give the speech of welcome for Roman Emperor Constantius II. Themistius opened a philosophical rhetoric school in Constantinople between 347 and 355. During Emperor Constantius II. Themistius, also a statesman, had been a senator (350), representative of the empire’s eastern provinces (357) and proconsul (357) in Constantinople respectively. Addionally, Themistius served as tutor and advisor in the periods of emperors such as Julian, Jovian, Valens, and Theodosius I. Themistius supported toleration was based on traditional philosophy and believed that the philanthropy might develop the tolerance among people. To sum up, Themistius of Paplagonia, who is a unique example of a humanist of the Late Antiquity, will be examined together with a special ideal, “philantropia”, in this paper.

References

  • Mehmet Ali Ağaoğulları, Sokratesten Jakobenlere Batı’da Siyasal Düşünceler, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014.
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, Bilgesu Yayınları, Ankara, 2011.
  • Christopher Jones. “Themistius After The Death Of Julian”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 59, H. 4, 2010, s. 501-506.
  • Glanville Downey. “Education and Public Problems as seen by Themistius”, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association,Vol. 86, 1955, s. 291-307.
  • Glanville Downey. “Themistius and the Defense of Hellenism in the Fourth Century”, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1957, s. 259-274.
  • John Vanderspoel. Themistius and the Imperial Court, Oratory, Civic Duty, and Paideia from Constantius to Theodosius, University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 1995.
  • John W. Watt. “From Themistius to al-Farabi: Platonic Political Philosophy and Aristotle's Rhetoric in the East”, Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1995, s. 17-41.
  • Lawrence. J. Daly. A Mandarin of Late Antiquity: The Political Life and Thought of Themistius, Ph.D Dissertation to School of Loyola University, 1970, s. 1-284.
  • Lawrence J. Daly. “Themistius' Plea for Religious Tolerance”, Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 12, 1971, s. 65-79.
  • Lawrence. J. Daly. “The Mandarin and the Barbarian: The Response of Themistius to the Gothic Challenge”, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 21, H. 2, 1972, s. 351-379.
  • M. C. Lyons. “An Arabic Translation of the Commentary of Themistius” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London,Vol. 17, No. 3, 1955, s. 426-435.
  • N.N. Bolgov, “Themistius and His Works in the context of Cultural Continuity”, Tactus Aevorum 1 (2), 2014, 175-184.
  • Peter Heather “Themistius: A Political Philosopher”, The Propaganda of Power: The Role of Panegyric in Late Antiquity içinde, edited by Mary Whitby, Brill Academic Publishers, London, 1998, s. 125-150.
  • Platon, Devlet, Toplu Diyaloglar I içinde, çev. Hüseyin Demirhan, önsöz: Selahattin Hilav, Eoa Yayınevi, Ankara, 2007, s. 391-735
  • Stephen A. Stertz. “A Hellenic Philosopher-Statesman in the Christian Roman Empire”, The Classical Journal, Vol. 71, No. 4, 1976, s. 349-358.
  • Themistius, Select Orations of Themistius, Politics, Philosophy, and Fourth Century, Edited by Peter Heather and David Moncur, Liverpool University of Press, Liverpool, 2001.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Deniz Kundakçı 0000-0002-7331-5682

Publication Date November 30, 2017
Submission Date July 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kundakçı, D. (2017). Paflagonyalı Themistius’un Siyaset Felsefesinin Odak Noktası: Philanthropia ya da Evrensel Kardeşlik Düşüncesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 12-28.