Mikoriza Aşılanmış Kudret Narı (Momordica Charantia) Bitkisine Farklı Dozlarda Fosforlu Ve Demirli Gübre Uygulamasının Yaprak Klorofil İçeriğine Etkisi

Abstract

Özellikle sindirim sistemi hastalıkları ve yara tedavilerinde kullanılan, tıbbı bir bitki olan kudret narının

meyvesi ve yaprakları, mineral ve vitaminler, özellikle de demir, kalsiyum, fosfor ve B vitaminleri açısından oldukça

zengindir. Ülkemizde Ege ve Akdeniz bölgesinde yetiştirilmekte olan bu bitkinin besin maddesi ihtiyacı konusunda

sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Toprakta yoğun hif üreten mantarlarla bitki kökleri arasındaki karşılıklı

yararlanma biçimine dayalı bir ortak yaşam olan mikorizaların bitkilerin özellikle fosfor ve diğer bazı elementlerin

alımını kontrollü koşullarda ve tarla şartlarında artırdığı bilinmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada mikoriza uygulamasının

etkinliğini görmek amacıyla; sera şartlarında Glomus mosseae türü mikoriza (500 adet spor/saksı) tohum ekimi

esnasında uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca bitki için uygun fosforlu ve demirli gübre miktarını belirlemek amacıyla saksı

denemesi şeklinde yürütülen bu çalışmada; 0-5-10-15 kg P2O5 /da ve 0-5 mg Fe kg-1 dozlarında gübre uygulamaları

yapılmıştır. Çalışmada mikoriza aşılamasının kudret narı bitkisinde bitki fosfor ve demir alımına etkisinin görülmesi

amaçlanmıştır. Tohum ekiminden sonra bitkilerin çimlenme ve büyüme durumları takip edilmiş ve bitkilerin

yaprak klorofil değerleri çiçeklenme zamanına kadar ölçülmüştür. Buna göre mikoriza aşılamasının klorofil miktarı

üzerine P<0.05, fosforlu gübre uygulamasının P<0.01 ve demirli gübre uygulamasının ise P<0.05 önem düzeyinde

etkili olduğu; ayrıca mikoriza aşılaması ile fosfor uygulaması arasında interaksiyon olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Kudret Narı, mikoriza, fosfor, demir, klorofil

The Effect of Different Doses Phosphorus and Iron Fertilizer Application on Leaf Chlorophyll Content in Mycorrhiza Inoculated Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) Plant

Abstract

The fruit and leaves of bitter melon, a medicinal plant which is particularly used for digestive system

diseases and wound treatments, are substantially rich in minerals and vitamins, especially Fe, Ca, P and vitamin

B. There are a limited number of studies conducted on the nutrient needs of this plant, which is cultivated in the

Aegean and Mediterranean Regions of our country. It is known that mycorrhizae, which display a type of symbiosis

based on the mutual benefit between fungi that produce hyphae and plant roots in the soil, increase the uptake of

especially phosphorus and certain other elements by plants under controlled field conditions. In the present study,

G. mosseae type mycorrhiza was inoculated (500 spore pot-1) during sowing under greenhouse conditions in order

to observe the effectiveness of mycorrhiza application. In the study, which was also conducted as a pot experiment

in order to determine the appropriate amount of phosphorus and iron fertilizer for the plant, fertilizer applications

were made at doses of 0-5-10-15 kg P2O5 da-1 and 0-5 mg Fe kg-1. In the study, it was aimed to observe the effect

of mycorrhizal inoculation on the plant P and Fe uptake in bitter melon. After sowing, the germination and growth

conditions of the plants were observed and the leaf chlorophyll values of the plants were measured until the time

of flowering. According to the variance analyses conducted on the chlorophyll measurements of the plants, it was

determined that mycorrhizal inoculation P<0.05, phosphorus fertilizer application P<0.01 and iron fertilizer application

P<0.05 had an effect on chlorophyll content, moreover, there was an interaction between mycorrhizal

inoculation and P application.

Keywords

• Bitter Melon,mycorrhiza,phosphorus,iron,chlorophyll

References

1. Ali, M.S., Sayeed, M.A., Reza, M.S., Yesmeen, S., Khan, A.M., 2008.Characteristic of seed oils and nutritional compositi- on of seeds from different varieties of Momordica charantia Linn. cultivated in Bangladesh. Czech Jornal of Food Scien- ce, 26: 275-283.
2. Akond, M.A., Mubassara, S., Rahman, M.M., Alam, S., Khan, Z.U.M., 2008. Status of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhi- zae in vegetable crop plants of Bangladesh. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(6): 704-708.
3. Assubaie, N.F., El-Garawany, M.M., 2004. Evaluation of some im- portant chemical constituents of Momordica charantia cultu- vated in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(5): 628-630.
4. Beloin, N., Gbeassor, M., Akpagana, K., Hudson, J., de Soussa, K., Koumaglo, K., Arnason, J.T., 2005. Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity. Journal of Ethnop- harmacology , 96: 49-55.
5. Boonmanop, S., 1997. Influences of nitrogen, phosphorus and po- tassium fertilizers on seed yield and seed quality of bitter go- urd (Monordica charantia L.). Kasetsart University, Bangkok.
6. Crisan, S., Campeanu, G.H., Halmagean, L., 2008. Researches re- garding fertilization’s influence on the yield of unripe fruits for Momordica charantia L. species, on different soil types in arad agroecological area. Bulletin UASVM, Horticulture, 65(1): 1843-5394.
7. Gerdeman, J.W., Nicolson, T.H., 1963. Spores of mychorriza en- dogenespecies. Extracted from Soil by Wet Sieving and De- canting.Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 46: 235-244.
8. Kacar, B., 1968. Türkiye’nin bazı topraklarında fosfor fiksasyonu ve fosfor fiksasyonuna tesir eden faktörler üzerinde bir araş- tırma. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, 17(2): 215- 234.

9. Islam, M.S., Irabangon, J.A., 1994. Influence of different levels of NPK on the growth, fruit and seed yield and quality of bit- tergourd (Momordica charantia L.). CLSU Scientific Jour- nal (Jun-Oct 1994).
10. Jalaluddin, M., Islam, M.S., 2004. Bitter melon (Momordica cha- rantia L.) a potential vegetable for special nutritional and me- dicinal values in America. 101st Annual International Conf. of American Soc.for Hort.Sci. Austin, Texas. Poster Session 18-Herbs, Spices and Medicinals, July 18: 2004.
11. Jinlin, S., Youming, D., 2005. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of balsam pear (Momordica charantia L.). Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005-2.
12. Meerabai, M., Jayachandran, B.K., Asha, K.R., 2007. Biofarming in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). I International Confe- rence on Indigenous Vegetables and Legumes, Prospectus for Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition, ISHS Acta Horti- culturae, 752.
13. Schneider, G., Wolfling, J., 2004. Synthetic cardenolides and related compounds. Current Organic Chemistry, 8:14.
14. Taylor, L., 2005. Bitter melon: Herbal properties and actions. The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs (Editor: L, Taylor), pp. 1-5.Square One Publication Inc.,New York.
15. Ullah, M., Chy, F.K., Sarkar, S.K., Islam, M.K., Absar, N., 2011. Nutrient and phytochemical analysis of four varieties of bit- ter gourd (Momordica charantia) grown in chittagong hill tracts, Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(3): 186-193.
16. Wang, C.L., 1989. Effects of endomycorrhizae on the growth and yield of adzuki bean (Phaseolus angularis).Journal of the Ag- ricultural Association of China, New series, 148: 67-80.
17. Wang, C.L., 1998. Response of phaseolus angularis weight. inocu- lated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under drought stress. Journal of the Agricultural Association of China, New series, 181: 92-101.
18. Yong,Y., Zhang, Z., 2011.Effects of greentech humic acid organic compound fertilizer on the yield and quality of Momordica charantia. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011-06.