Yer Kaplaması ve Betonarme Kalıbı İmalatlarının Atık Değerlemesi ve İnşaatının Yönetimi

Abstract

Yer kaplaması ve betonarme kalıbı imalatı sürecinde kullanılan malzemenin boyutu ile kaplanan yüzey boyutunun uyumsuz olması, mekânın düzgün geometrik şekilde olmaması, kolon, kapı eşiği, tesisat bacası, şaft boşluğu gibi yapısal ve mimari elemanların kaplanacak yüzeyde düzensizlik oluşturması yer kaplaması işinde malzeme zayiatına yol açar. İnşaat süreci sıkışık zaman ve yoğun stres altında yürütüldüğü için malzeme zayiatını en aza indirecek yerleştirme örüntüsü ve malzeme kesim stratejisi üzerinde uğraşılamaz. Bu durum rastlantısal olarak çok yüksek malzeme zayiatlarına ve işçilik gereksinimlerine yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada betonarme kalıbı ve yer kaplama malzemesi imalatlarının mekânın geometrisi ve malzeme boyutları dikkate alınarak en az zayiatın hangi malzeme boyutu ve yerleştirme örüntüsü ile oluştuğunu hesaplayan bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Hipotetik bir inşaat projesi vaka çalışması olarak kullanılarak malzeme miktarı ve imalat için gereken kesme miktarı hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen yöntemle tanımlanan malzeme boyutları arasından en az malzeme zayiatı olacak şekilde karo ve kalıp boyutları ile yerleştirme örüntüsü tespit edilmiştir. Sistemin kullanılması ile zayiat ve işçilik miktarları azalacağı için yapım maliyetleri de düşecektir. Böylece yüklenicilerin daha verimli yapı tasarımı ile daha etkin bir maliyet kontrolü olan Kaizen Maliyetleme tekniğini uygulayabilmeleri mümkün olacaktır.

Keywords

• Kaizen maliyetleme
• atık değerlemesi
• maliyet analizi

Waste Assessment and Construction Management of Floor Covering and Formwork Constructions

Abstract

Dissonance between the dimensions of the location and the dimensions of the used material, irregularities of the location, existence of the structural and architectural elements such as column, doorsill, installation shaft, and any distortions which causes irregularity may cause increase in the material waste during the floor covering or formwork activities. Construction process is executed under limited time and severe stress, therefore determination of the placement pattern and material cutting strategies providing the minimum material waste are ignored. This situation coincidentally may cause excessive material wastes and increase in the workmanship. In this study a methodology, providing the placement pattern and the most suitable material dimensions to obtain minimum material waste is developed. A hypothetical construction project is used as a case study problem and the required material and the cutting of material amounts are computed. The developed method minimizes the material waste by detecting the most appropriate placement pattern and the material dimensions among the tested ones. The utilization of the developed method can decrease the construction costs by reducing the amounts of material waste and the workmanship. Consequently the contractors will be able to utilize the effective cost control technique, Kaizen Costing method, by designing more efficient buildings.

Keywords

• Kaizen costing
• waste assessment
• cost analysis

References

1. Agyekum K, Ayarkwa J, Adjei-Kumi T, 2013. Minimizing materials wastage in construction-a lean construction approach. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 5(1): 125-146.
2. Azhar S, 2011. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry, Leadership and management in engineering, 11(3): 241-252.
3. Azhar S, Khalfan M, Maqsood, T, 2012. Building Information Modelling (BIM): Now and Beyond, Construction Economics and Building, 12(4): 15-28.
4. Babatunde SO. 2012. Quantitative assessment of construction materials wastage in the Nigerian construction sites. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(3): 238-241.
5. Bettemir ÖH, 2018. Development of Spreadsheet Based Quantity Take-off and Cost Estimation Application. Journal of Construction Engineering Management & Innovation, 1(3), 108-117.
6. Berberler ME, Nuriyev UG, 2010. A New Heuristic Algorithm for the One-Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem. Appl. Comput. Math, 9(1), 19-30.
7. Berberler ME, Nuriyev U, Yıldırım A, 2011. A Software for the One-Dimensional Cutting Stock Problem. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 23(1), 69-76.
8. Choi J, Kim H, Kim I, 2015. Open BIM-based Quantity Take-off System for Schematic Estimation of Building Frame in Early Design Stage. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 2(1):16-25.

9. Ergen F, Bettemir ÖH, 2022. Development of BIM Software With Quantity Take-off and Visualization Capabilities. Journal of Construction Engineering Management & Innovation, 5(1), 01 – 14. Doi, 10.31462/jcemi.2022.01001014.
10. Gulghane AA, Khandve PV, 2015. Management for construction materials and control of construction waste in construction industry: a review. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 5(4): 59-64.
11. Hardin B, 2009. BIM and Construction Management: Proven Tools, Methods, and Workflows, Wiley Publishing Inc. Indianapolis, Indiana.
12. Jin HW, Doolen TL, 2014. A Comparison of Korean and US Continuous Improvement Projects, Int. J.Product. Perform. Manag., 63: 384–405.
13. Khosakitchalert C, Yabuki N, Fukuda T, 2018.The Accuracy Enhancement of Architectural Walls Quantity Takeoff for Schematic BIM Models, In ISARC. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction Berlin, Almanya, pp. 1-8, 20-25 Temmuz.
14. Khosakitchalert C, Yabuki N, Fukuda T, 2019a. BIM-Based Wall Framing Calculation Algorithms For Detailed Quantity Takeoff, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Civil and Building Engineering Informatics, Sendai, Miyagi, Japonya, 251-258, 7-8 Kasım.
15. Khosakitchalert C, Yabuki N, Fukuda T, 2019b. Improving the Accuracy of BIM-based Quantity Takeoff for Compound Elements, Automation in Construction, 106: 102891, 1-20.
16. Kim K, Teizer J, 2014. Automatic Design and Planning of Scaffolding Systems Using Building Information Modeling, Advanced Engineering Informatics, 28(1): 66-80.
17. Kim S, Chin S, Kwon S, 2019. A Discrepancy Analysis of BIM-based Quantity Take-off for Building Interior Components. Journal of Management in Engineering 35(3):05019001.
18. Lee SK, Kim KR, Yu JH, 2014. BIM and Ontology-based Approach for Building Cost Estimation. Automation in Construction, 41, 96-105.
19. Liu H, Lu M, Al-Hussein M, 2016. Ontology-based Semantic Approach for Construction-oriented Quantity Take-off From BIM Models in the Light-frame Building Industry. Advanced Engineering Informatics 30(2), 190-207.
20. Liu H, Cheng JC, Gan VJ, Zhou S, 2022. A Knowledge Model-based BIM Framework for Automatic Code-compliant Quantity Take-off, Automation in Construction, 133: 104024.
21. Miranda P, Silva R, Da Silva AF, Ferreira C, 2020. Kaizen Costing: Systematic Literature Review (2015-2020), Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 71-85.
22. Odusami KT, Oladiran OJ, Ibrahim SA, 2012. Evaluation of materials wastage and control in some selected building sites in Nigeria. Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 17(2), 53-65.
23. Oladiran OJ, 2008. Materials wastage: causes and their contributions’ level. Proceedings of CIB-2008, 15-7.
24. Olsen D, Taylor JM, 2017. Quantity Take-off Using Building Information Modeling (BIM), and Its Limiting Factors, Procedia engineering, 196: pp. 1098-1105.
25. Terzi A, 2017. Hedef Maliyetleme, Değer Mühendisliği ve Kaizen Maliyetleme Üçlüsünün Çay İşletmelerinde Birlikte Uygulanabilirliği, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(2): 221-248.
26. Vivan AL, Ortiz FA, Paliari J, 2015. Model for Kaizen Project Development for the Construction Industry, Gestão Produção, 23(2): 333-349.
27. Yang B, Zhang B, Wu J, Liu B, Wang Z, 2019. A BIM-based Quantity Calculation Framework for Frame-shear Wall Structure, Structural Engineering International, 29(2): 282-291.
28. Zafer EH, 2021. Yapı Bilgi Modeli ile Minimum Zayiatla Yer Karosu ve Kalıp İşlerinin İmalatı, İnönü Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Malatya.