Yer Kaplaması ve Betonarme Kalıbı İmalatlarının Atık Değerlemesi ve İnşaatının Yönetimi

Öz

Yer kaplaması ve betonarme kalıbı imalatı sürecinde kullanılan malzemenin boyutu ile kaplanan yüzey boyutunun uyumsuz olması, mekânın düzgün geometrik şekilde olmaması, kolon, kapı eşiği, tesisat bacası, şaft boşluğu gibi yapısal ve mimari elemanların kaplanacak yüzeyde düzensizlik oluşturması yer kaplaması işinde malzeme zayiatına yol açar. İnşaat süreci sıkışık zaman ve yoğun stres altında yürütüldüğü için malzeme zayiatını en aza indirecek yerleştirme örüntüsü ve malzeme kesim stratejisi üzerinde uğraşılamaz. Bu durum rastlantısal olarak çok yüksek malzeme zayiatlarına ve işçilik gereksinimlerine yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada betonarme kalıbı ve yer kaplama malzemesi imalatlarının mekânın geometrisi ve malzeme boyutları dikkate alınarak en az zayiatın hangi malzeme boyutu ve yerleştirme örüntüsü ile oluştuğunu hesaplayan bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Hipotetik bir inşaat projesi vaka çalışması olarak kullanılarak malzeme miktarı ve imalat için gereken kesme miktarı hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen yöntemle tanımlanan malzeme boyutları arasından en az malzeme zayiatı olacak şekilde karo ve kalıp boyutları ile yerleştirme örüntüsü tespit edilmiştir. Sistemin kullanılması ile zayiat ve işçilik miktarları azalacağı için yapım maliyetleri de düşecektir. Böylece yüklenicilerin daha verimli yapı tasarımı ile daha etkin bir maliyet kontrolü olan Kaizen Maliyetleme tekniğini uygulayabilmeleri mümkün olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kaizen maliyetleme
• atık değerlemesi
• maliyet analizi

Waste Assessment and Construction Management of Floor Covering and Formwork Constructions

Öz

Dissonance between the dimensions of the location and the dimensions of the used material, irregularities of the location, existence of the structural and architectural elements such as column, doorsill, installation shaft, and any distortions which causes irregularity may cause increase in the material waste during the floor covering or formwork activities. Construction process is executed under limited time and severe stress, therefore determination of the placement pattern and material cutting strategies providing the minimum material waste are ignored. This situation coincidentally may cause excessive material wastes and increase in the workmanship. In this study a methodology, providing the placement pattern and the most suitable material dimensions to obtain minimum material waste is developed. A hypothetical construction project is used as a case study problem and the required material and the cutting of material amounts are computed. The developed method minimizes the material waste by detecting the most appropriate placement pattern and the material dimensions among the tested ones. The utilization of the developed method can decrease the construction costs by reducing the amounts of material waste and the workmanship. Consequently the contractors will be able to utilize the effective cost control technique, Kaizen Costing method, by designing more efficient buildings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kaizen costing
• waste assessment
• cost analysis

Kaynakça

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