Effects of Short Term Pollen Storage on Fruit Set, Seed Number and Seed Germination Rate in Cut Rose Hybridization

Year 2023, , 2325 - 2338, 01.12.2023

Gülşah Turna , Soner Kazaz , Tuğba Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1290699

Abstract

Roses are known for their low pollen quality. It remains unclear how many days of pollen should be used in order not to reduce crossbreeding success. The study was conducted to determine whether short-term pollen storage is effective on the crossing success of roses comparatively in vivo and in vitro. The study was conducted in a greenhouse and a cytology laboratory at Ankara University, Turkey. The 'Avalanche' rose variety was used as the seed parent, and 'Magnum' was the pollen parent. A total of 210 crosses were made. Pollens were used immediately (day 0) and stored at +4°C for 6 days after collection. The pollen viability by IKI and the germination rates by the petri dish method, the fruit and seed set, the fruit and seed weight, and the seed germination rate were recorded. All examined traits showed a decreasing trend as the storage time increases. The pollen germination rates were recorded at 1.63% for stored pollen at six days and 15.27% for fresh pollen. The highest fruit and seed set rates were obtained from crossing with pollen stored for one day. The fruit set decreased below 10% as of the 5th day, and the seed numbers decreased 1.8 times compared to one day of storage. No germination was observed in seeds obtained from crosses with pollen stored for 5 or 6 days. A positive correlation was found between seed number and pollen germination rate. The study concluded that successful crossing could be made with pollen stored at +4°C for up to 3 days.

Keywords

IKI, Hybridization, Cut flower, Pollen germination, Seed set

Kesme Gül Islahında Polen Yaşının Meyve Tutumu, Tohum Sayısı ve Tohum Çimlenme Oranı Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Güller, düşük polen kalitesi ile bilinmektedir. Melezleme başarısını arttırmak için polenlerin kaç gün süre ile kullanılması gerektiği belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Bu çalışma, in vivo ve in vitro koşullarda karşılaştırmalı olarak, kısa süreli polen depolamanın güllerde melezleme başarısı üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada anne ebeveyn olarak 'Avalanche' gül çeşidi ve polen ebeveyni olarak 'Magnum' çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Toplam 210 adet tozlama yapılmıştır. Polenler toplandıktan hemen sonra (0. gün), ve +4°C’de depolanarak 6 gün süreyle kullanılmıştır. IKI yöntemi ile polen canlılığı ve petride agar yöntemi ile çimlenme oranı, meyve ve tohum tutumu, meyve ve tohum ağırlığı ve tohum çimlenme oranı incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen tüm özelliklerin zamanla azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Polen çimlenme oranı altı gün depolanan polen için %1.63 ve taze polen için ise %15.27 olarak kaydedilmiştir. En yüksek meyve ve tohum tutma oranı bir gün boyunca depolanan polen ile tozlamadan elde edilmiştir. 5. gün itibariyle meyve tutumu %10’un altına düşmüş, bir günlük depolamaya göre tohum sayısı 1.8 kat azalmıştır. 5 ve 6 gün depolanan polenler ile yapılan tozlamalardan elde edilen tohumlarda çimlenme görülmemiştir. Tohum sayısı ile polen çimlenme oranı arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçları, +4°C’de 3 güne kadar saklanan polenlerle başarılı bir tozlama yapılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Melezleme, kesme çiçek, polen çimlenme oranı, tohum tutumu, IKI

References

• Anonymous. (2019). Modern roses. https://modernroses.rose.org/. 19.05.2022.
• Abdolmohammadi. M.. Kermani. M.J.. Zakizadeh. H. & Hamidoghli. Y. (2014). An vitro embryo germination and interploidy hybridization of rose (Rosa sp). Euphytica. 198(2). 255- 264.
• Aldahadha. A.M.. Samarah. N.. Bataineh. A. (2020). Effect of storage temperature and duration on pollen viability and in vitro germination of seven pistachio cultivars. Journal of Applied Horticulture. 22(3). 184-188.
• Anderson. N. & Byrne. D.H. (2007). Methods for rosa germination. IV International Symposium on Rose Research and Cultivation Acta Horticulture 751. August 31. USA (Santa Barbara. CA). pp. 503-507.
• Alp. Ş.. Çelik. F.. Türkoğlu. N. & Karagöz. S. (2009). The effects of different warm stratification periods on the seed germination of some Rosa taxa. African Journal of Biotechnology. 8(21). 5838-5841.
• Bosco. R.. Caser. M.. Ghione. G.G.. Mansuino. A.. Giovannini. A. & Scariot V. (2015). Dynamics of abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid during the early-middle stage of seed development in Rosa hybrida. Plant Growth Regulation. 75. 265-270.
• Chimonidou. D.. Bolla. A.. Pitta. C.. Vassiliou. L.. Kyriakou. G.. Henriette. M.C. & Put H.M.C. (2007). Is it possible to transfer aroma from Rosa damascena to hybrid tea rose cultivars by hybridization?. IV International Symposium on Rose Research and Cultivation Acta Horticulture 751. August 31. USA (Santa Barbara. CA). pp. 299-304.
• Crespel. L. & Mouchotte. J. (2003). Methods of cross-breeding. Roberts. A.V.. Debener. T. & Gudin. S. (ed). in Encyclopedia of rose science (pp. 30-33.). Elsevier. Amsterdam.
• De Vries. D.P. & Dubois. L.A.M. (1983). Pollen and pollination experiments. The effect of repeated pollination on fruit- and seed set in crosses between the hybrid tea-rose cvs. Sonia and Ilona. Euphytica. 32. 685-689.
• De Vries. D.P. & Dubois. L.A.M. (1987). The effect of temperature on fruit set. seed set and seed germination in Sonia×Hadley hybrid Tea-rose crosses. Euphytica. 36. 117-120.
• Deng. L.. Wang. T.. Hu. J.. Yang. X.. Yao. Y.. Jin. Z.. Huang. Z.. Sun. G.. Xiong. B.. Liao. L. & Wang. Z. (2022). Effects of pollen sources on fruit set and fruit characteristics of ‘Fengtangli’ Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) based on microscopic and transcriptomic analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23. 12959.
• Doğan. E.. Kazaz. S.. Ünsal. H.T.. Uran. M.. Dursun. H. & Kılıç. T. (2019). A Research on determination of the performance Rosa damascena Mill. as pollen source in rose breeding by hybridization. Journal of Agricultural Faculty Bursa Uludag University. 34 (Special issue). 194-201.
• Erbaş. S.. Alagöz. M. & Baydar. H. (2015). A research on flower morphology and pollen viability of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 10(2). 40-50.
• Erken S.. Gülbağ. F.. Erken. K.. Kazaz. S. & Özzambak. M.E. (2018). Development of new cut rose varieties by crossbreeding. General Directorate of Agricultural Research. Final Report. Project No: TAGEM/BBAD/14/A09/P08/01-II. Manuscript No:359.
• Eti. S. (1990). A practical method for the determination of pollen production. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Cukurova University. 5. 49-58.
• Farooq. A.. Lei. S.. Nadeem. M.. Asif. M.. Akhtar. G. & Butt. S.J. (2016). Cross compatibility in various scented rosa species breeding. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science. 53(4). 863-869.
• Fragallah. S.A.D.A.. Lin. S.. Li. N.. Ligat. E.J. & Chen. Y. (2019). Effects of sucrose. boric acid. ph. and ıncubation time on in vitro germination of pollen and tube growth of chinese fir (Cunnighamial lanceolata L.). Forests. 10(102). 1-16.
• Giovannini. A.. Macovei. A.. Caser. M.. Mansuino. A.. Ghione. G.G.. Savona. M.. Carbonera. D.. Scariot. V. & Balestrazzi. A. (2017). Pollen grain preservation and fertility in valuable commercial rose cultivars. Plants. 6(17). 1-8.
• Gudin. S.. Arene. L.. Chavagnat. A. & Bulard. C. (1990). Influence of endocarp thickness on rose achene germination: genetic and environmental factors. HortScience. 25. 786-788.
• Gudin. S. (2003). Breeding. Roberts. A.V.. Debener. T. & Gudin. S. (ed). in Encyclopedia of rose science (pp. 25-30). Elsevier. Amsterdam.
• Gülbağ. F.. Erken. S.. Erken. K. & Özzambak. M.E. (2018). Development of new garden rose varieties by crossbreeding. General Directorate of Agricultural Research. Final Report. Project No:TAGEM/BBAD/14/A09/P08/01-I. Manuscript No:357.
• Gülbağ. F.. Erken. S.. Erken. K. & Kazaz. S. (2021). Rose. Kazaz. S. & Yalçın-Mendi. Y. (ed). in Ornamental plant breeding (species) (pp. 133-189). Gece Kitaplığı Publishing. Ankara.
• Güneş. M.. Çekiç. Ç. & Edizer. Y. (2005). Determination of pollen quantity. pollen viability and pollen germination in some dogrose species (Rosa Section Caninae). I International Rose Hip Conference Acta Horticulturae 690. Sept 30. Turkey (Gümüşhane). 211-216p.
• İmrak. B. (2010). Performances of some sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) under the subtropical climatic conditions and research to the solution of multiple pistil (Doctoral Thesis). Çukurova University. Turkey.
• Kadri. K.. Elsafy. M.. Makhlouf. S.. Aawad. M. (2022). Effect of pollination time. the hour of daytime. pollen storage temperature and duration on pollen viability. germinability. and fruit set of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv "Deglet Nour". Saudi Journal of Biological Science. 29(2). 1085-1091.
• Kazaz. S.. Doğan. E.. Kılıç. T.. Ergür Şahin. E.G.. Dursun. H. & Tuna. G.S. (2020). Does pollination with scented Rose genotypes as pollen source affect seed set? Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University. 57(3-3). 393-399.
• Khan. M.F.. Hafız. I.A.. Khan. M.A.. Nadeem. A.B.. Habib. U. & Shah. M.K.N. (2021). Determination of pollen fertility and hybridization success among Rosa species (Rosa hybrida). Pakistan Jorunal of Botany. 53(5). 1.10.
• Kılıç. T. (2020). Scented rose breeding by hybridization (Doctoral Thesis). Ankara University. Turkey.
• Kılıç. T.. Doğan. E.. Dursun. H.B.. Çamurcu. S.. Ünsal. H.T. & Kazaz. S. (2020). Effects of pollen holding duration in some rose species and varieties on pollen viability and germination. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University. 34 (Special issue). 173-184.
• Korkut. S.S.. Kazaz. S. & Kılıç. T. (2022). Different storage temperatures and times on pollen quality in cut rose varieties. Ornamental Horticulturae. 28(2). 202-211.
• Leus. L.. Van Laere. K.. De Riek. J. & Van Huylenbroeck. J. 2018. Rose. Van Huylenbroeck. J. (ed). in Handbook of plant breeding volume 11: ornamental crops (pp. 719-767). Springer International Publishing AG. Switzerland.
• MacPhail. J.V. & Kevan. P.G. (2009). Review of the breeding systems of wild roses (Rosa spp.). Floriculture Ornamental Biotechnology. 3(special issue 1). 1-13.
• Martins. E.S.. Davide. L.M.C.. Miranda. G.J.. Barizon. J.O.. Junior. F.A.S.. de Carvalho. R.P. & Gonçalves. M.C. (2017). In vitro pollen viability of maize cultivars at different times of collection. Ciencia Rural. 47(02). 1-8.
• Mert. C. & Soylu. A. (2006). Studies on the fertilisation biology of some cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University. 2(21). 45-49.
• Nadeem. M.. Akond. M.. Riaz. A.. Qasim. M.. Younis. A. & Farooq. A. (2013). Pollen morphology and viability relates to seed production in hybrid roses. Plant Breeding and Seed Science. 68(1). 25-38.
• Nadeem. M.. Younis. A.. Riaz. A. & Lim. K.B. (2015). Crossability among modern roses and heterosis of quantitative and qualitative traits in hybrids. Horticulture. Environment and Biotechnology. 56(4). 487-497.
• Parfitt. D.E. & Ganeshan. S. (1989). Comparison of procedures for estimating viability of Prunus pollen. HortScience. 24(2). 354-356.
• Pereira. M.C.T.. Crane. J.H.. Montas. W.. Nietsche. S. & Vendrame. W.A. (2014). Effects of storage length and flowering stage of pollen influence its viability. fruit set and fruit quality in ‘Red’ and ‘Lessard Thai’ sugar apple (Annona squamosa) and ‘Gefner’ atemoya (A. cherimola x A. squamosa). Scientia Horticulturae. 178. 55-60.
• Pipino. L.. Scariot. V.. Gaggero. L.. Mansuino. A.. Van Labeke. M.C. & Giovannini. A. (2011). Enhancing seed germination in hybrid tea roses. Propagation of Ornamental Plants. 11(3). 111-118.
• Parimala. K.. & Swarnalatha Devi. I. (2018). Pollen storage and pollination studies for maximization of hybrid seed production in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(8). 2661-2664.
• Roy. P.K. (2010). The complete book of roses. ISBN: 978-81-7910-304-3. Aavishkar Publishers. Jaipur. India. 556 p.
• Santosh. Y. & Malabasari. T.A. (2014). Effect of period of pollen storage and pollination day after flower opening on fruit set and seed yield in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) under shade house. Research & Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sicences. 3(4). 13-16.
• Seyhan. S. 2020. The effects of different storage temperatures and duration on pollen quality and germination of some rose species spreaded in Turkish flora. Master Thesis. Ankara University. Turkey.
• Suluşoğlu. M. & Cavuşoğlu. A. (2014). In vitro pollen viability and pollen germination in cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). The Scientific World Jorunal. 6571237. 1-7.
• Şensoy. S.. Ercan. N.. Ayar. F. & Temirkaynak. M. (2003). The evaluation of pollen viability and the determine some pollen characteristics in some species of Cucurbitaceae family. Mediterranean Agricultural Science. 16(1). 1-6.
• Tonosaki. K.. Osabe. K.. Kawanabe. T. & Fujimoto. R. (2016). The importance of reproductive barriers and the effect of allopolyploidization on crop breeding. Breeding Science. 66(3). 333-349.
• Ueckert. J.A. (2014). Understanding and manipulating polyploidy in garden roses (Master Thesis). Texas A&M University. USA.
• Uran. M. (2022). Determination of hybridization success. seed yield and germination rates in pot miniature rose x cut rose hybrid (Master thesis). Ankara University. Turkey.
• Visser. T.. de Vries. D.P.. Scheurink. J.A.M. & Welles. G.W.H. (1977). Hybrid tea-rose pollen I. germination and storage. Euphytica. 26(3). 721-728.
• Veeresha. S.M.. Tirakannanavar. S.. Masuti. D.K.. Jagadeesha. R.C.. Shet. R.M. & Gowda. V.H. (2018). Effect of time of pollination and period of pollen storage on seed yield and quality of brinjal hybrid (Solanum melongena L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(7). 1783-1791.
• Zlesak. D.C. (2007). Rose: Rosa hybrida. In: Anderson. N.O. (ed). in Flower breeding and genetics (pp. 694-740). Springer. Netherlands.
• Zlesak. D.C. (2009). Pollen diameter and guard cell length as predictors of ploidy in diverse rose cultivars. species. and breeding lines. Floriculture Ornamental Biotechnology. 3(1). 53-70.
• Żuraw. B.. Sulborska. A.. Stawiarz. E. & Weryszko-Chmielewska. E. (2015). Flowering biology and pollen production of four species of the genus Rosa L.. Acta Agrobotanica 68(3). 267-278.