Buğday’da Hiperspektral Veriler Kullanılarak Sarı Pas Hastalığının İzlenmesinde Spektral Oranlama Tekniğinin Kullanımı

Abstract

Buğdayda sarı pas hastalığı, küresel düzeyde yaşanabilen epidemiler nedeniyle gıda güvenliğini tehdit eden önemli fungal streslerden birisidir. Bu çalışma ile hastalığın (Etmen; Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), buğdayda farklı fenolojik dönemlerde izlenmesi ve reaksiyon değişimlerinin ortaya konulabilmesi için spektral yansıma değerleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında hastalık inoküle edilmeyen ve hastalık inoküle edilen test materyallerinde yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucu elde edilen spektral yansıma değerleri oranlanmış, geliştirilen grafikler yorumlanarak stresin farklı bant aralıklarındaki gelişimi değerlendirilmiştir. 2018-2019 yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülen çalışmada bitki materyali olarak; Bayraktar 2000, Demir 2000, Eser ve Kenanbey ekmeklik çeşitleri ile Çeşit-1252, Eminbey, Kızıltan 91 ve Mirzabey 2000 makarnalık çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Test materyalinin tümü Ekim ayı içerisinde, 33-35 cm sıra arası ve 1 m uzunluğundaki sıralara 3 tekerrürlü olarak elle ekilmiştir. Hastalığın yeni toplanmış sporları uçucu mineral yağ (Soltrol 170®) kullanılarak %0, %25, %50, %100 uygulama dozlarında test materyaline inoküle edilmiştir. Hastalığın reaksiyon değerlendirmeleri 25 Mayıs ile 06, 15, 23 Haziran tarihlerinde yapılmış olup enfeksiyon kat sayıları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; hastalık inoküle edilmeyen ve hastalık inoküle edilen test materyallerinde değerlendirmelerle yansıma oranları dikkate alınarak farklı fenolojik dönemler için yansıma eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Hastalık inoküle edilen genotiplerde spektral yansıma değerlerinin, aynı gelişme dönemi sürecinde görünür bölgede arttığı, yakın kızılötesi bölgede azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Hastalık reaksiyonunun değerlendirmesinde kullanılabilir en etkili hastalık dozu ekmeklik çeşitler için %50, makarnalık çeşitler için %25 dozu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma ile; buğdayın farklı büyüme evrelerinde kanopinin spektral yansımalarındaki dinamik değişimler, hastalık reaksiyonuyla olan ilişkilerin sayısal olarak analiz edilmesinin mümkün olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı bant aralıklarında bu bölgelerdeki değişimlerin, yaprakların yaşlanma sürecine bağlı olarak mezofil dokulardaki pigmentlerin kapsamı ile ilişkili olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

• Buğday
• Çok bantlı veri
• Sarı pas

Supporting Institution

Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yenimahalle / ANKARA

Thanks

Bu Araştırma 2018-2019 Yılları arası Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Patoloji deneme alanında Yürütülen “Kışlık buğdayda farklı demir ve çinko uygulamalarının sarı pas (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) hastalığı üzerine olan mevsimsel etkilerinin çok bantlı veriler kullanılarak belirlenmesi” isimli Yüksek Lisans tezi (YÖK Tez No: 671046/Tarih: 25.05.2021) verilerinin bir kısmından faydalanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Tez jürisinde bulunan sayın Prof. Dr. Hikmet GÜNAL ve sayın Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nurullah ACİR’e katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederiz. Çalışmaya katkılarından dolayı Dr. Nilüfer AKCİ’ye teşekkür ederiz

Use of Spectral Ratio Technique in Monitoring Yellow Rust Disease Using Hyperspectral Data in Wheat

Abstract

Yellow rust disease in wheat is one of the major fungal pressures threatening food security as a result of global outbreaks. In this work, spectral reflection values were employed to monitor the disease (Caused by; Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and indicate reaction variations in wheat over distinct phenological phases. The spectrum reflection values obtained as a consequence of the assessments done in the genotypes with and without the disease were apportioned within the scope of the study, and the development of the stress in different band gaps was tracked by reading the graphs created. As research plant material in the study carried out in the 2018-2019 growing season; Bayraktar 2000, Demir 2000, Eser and Kenanbey bread varieties and Çeşit-1252, Eminbey, Kızıltan 91 and Mirzabey 2000 durum varieties were used. All of the test material was sown by hand in 3 replications in rows 33-35 cm apart and 1 m long in October. Using essential mineral oil (Soltrol 170®), the newly collected disease spores were inoculated into the test material at doses of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Evaluations of disease’s reactions were made using the Modified Cobb scale between 25 May and 06, 15 and 23 June, and infection coefficients were derived using these results. As a result of the investigation, reflection curves for various phenological periods were constructed, accounting for reflection rates based on assessments of genotypes with and without illness. It was discovered that throughout the same developmental period, the spectral reflectance values of the disease-inoculated genotypes increased in the visible region and reduced in the near infrared area. The most effective disease dose to utilize in assessing the disease reaction was determined to be 50% for bread types and 25% for durum varieties. With effort, it was demonstrated that it was able to numerically analyses the correlations with the disease reaction through dynamic changes in the spectrum reflections of the canopy at various growth stages of wheat. Variations in these regions at various band ranges are assumed to be related to the extent of the pigments in mesophyll tissues as a result of the ageing process of leaves.

Keywords

• Wheat
• Hyperspectral Data
• Yellow rast

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