Effect of Vegetative Stages on Potential Nutritive Value, Gas Production and Methane of Teff Hay

Abstract

The aim of the current experiment was to determine the effect of harvesting stage on the potential
nutritive value, gas and methane production. Teff plant was harvested at three maturity stages (before flowering,
flowering and seeding). The green and dry hay yield of teff plants were determined by drying at 70 oC. Some
analysis was carried out to determine the chemical composition of teff plants. The gas and methane production was
determined after 24 h incubation. Harvesting stage had a signifcant (P≤0.01) effect on chemical composition, gas
production, methane production and organic matter digestibility. The green and dry hay yield, neutral detergent
fber (NDF) and acid detergent fber (ADF) contents were increased with advancing maturity whereas crude protein,
ether extract and crude ash contents were decreased. The green and dry hay yield of teff plant ranged from 576.91 to
1061.78 and 198.54 to 637.03 kg da-1 respectively. Crude protein content of teff plants ranged from 6.7 to 20.7 %,
ether extract from 1.33 to 2.72 % and crude ash 6.78 to 8.70 %. The NDF and ADF contents of teff plants ranged
from 60.36 to 69.49 % and 30.79 to 38.09 %. The gas production and methane production at 24 h decreased with
increasing maturity. The gas production and methane production at 24 h ranged from 25.83 to 35.50 ml and 3.97
to 5.43 ml respectively. Metabolisable energy and organic matter digestibility ranged from 5.74 to 7.10 MJ kg-1
DM and 37.80 to 46.24 % respectively. As a conclusion, the nutritive value of teff plant decreased with increasing
maturity. Therefore the teff plant can be harvested or grazed before flowering and after flowering stages due to
crude protein and metabolisable energy

Keywords

• Chemical composition,In vitro gas production,Methane production,Nutritive value,Teff hay

Olgunlaşma Döneminin Teff Otunun Potansiyel Besleme Değeri, Gaz ve Metan Üretimine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı olgunlaşma dönemlerinde (çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçeklenme ve tohum bağlama) hasat
edilen teff otunun potansiyel besleme değerine, gaz ve metan üretimine olan etkisini belirlemektir. Hasat edilen bitkiler
tartılarak yeşil ot verimi, 70 °C’de kurutularak kuru ot verimi belirlenmiş ve kimyasal kompozisyonu belirlemek için
analizler yapılmıştır. Yem örnekleri yirmi dört saatlik inkübasyona tabi tutularak gaz ve metan üretimleri belirlenmiştir.
Olgunlaşma döneminin teff otunun kimyasal özelliklerine, gaz ve metan üretim miktarına, metabolik enerji (ME) ve
organik madde sindirim derecesine (OMS) etkisi çok önemli derecede (P≤0.01) olmuştur. Olgunlaşma döneminin
ilerlemesiyle yeşil ve kuru ot verimleri, nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) ve asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif
(ADF) oranları artarken, ham protein, ham yağ ve ham kül içerikleri azalmıştır. Tef bitkisinin yeşil ve kuru ot verimleri
sırasıyla 576.91-1061.78 ve 198.54-637.03 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Ham protein içeriği %6.7-20.7, ham yağ içeriği
%1.33-2.72, ham kül içeriği %6.78-8.70 arasında değişmiştir. Teff otunun NDF ve ADF içerikleri sırasıyla %60.36-
69.49 ve %30.79-38.09 arasında değişmiştir. Teff otunun olgunlaşma döneminin ilerlemesi yirmi dört saatlik gaz ve
metan üretimlerini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Yirmi dört saatlik gaz ve metan üretimleri sırasıyla 25.83-35.50 ml ve
3.97-5.43 ml arasında değişmiştir. Teff otunun metabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirim derecesi sırasıyla 5.74-7.10
MJ/kg kuru madde ve %37.80-46.24 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak, olgunlaşma döneminin ilerlemesiyle birlikte
teff bitkisinin besleme değeri düşmüştür. Teff otunun çiçeklenme öncesi ve çiçeklenme döneminde ham protein oranı
ve metabolik enerji kapasitesinin yüksek olmasından dolayı otlatılması veya hasat edilmesi önerilebilir

Keywords

• Besin değeri,İn vitro gaz üretimi,Kimyasal kompozisyon,Metan üretimi,Teff otu

References

1. Anonim, 2016. http://www.ankaratb.org.tr/lib_upload/149_Alternatif%20Tah%C4%B1l%20 ve%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri_26_09_2014.pdf 2016
2. AOAC, 1990. Offcial Method of analysis. 15th. edn. Association of Offcial Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
3. Blummel M, Orskov ER, 1993.Comparison of an invitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting feed in take in cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 40: 109-119.
4. Buxton DR, 1996. Quality related characteristics of forages as influenced by plant nvironment and agronomic factors. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 59(1-3): 37–49.
5. Canbolat O, 2012. Comparison of in vitro Gas Production, Organic Matter Digestibility, Relative Feed Value and Metabolizable Energy Contents of Some Cereal Forages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 18 (4): 571-577.
6. Goel G, Makkar H P S, Becker K, 2008.Effect of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds and their extracton partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 147(1-3): 72- 89.
7. Kamalak A, 2010. Determination of potentia lnutritive value of Polygonum aviculare hay harvested at three maturity stages. J Appl Anim Res, 38(1): 69-71.
8. Kamalak A, Atalay AI, Ozkan CO, Kaya K, Tatlıyer A, 2011. Determination of nutritive value of Trigonella kotschi Fenz hay harvested at three different maturity stages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17 (4): 635–640. Kamalak A, Canbolat O, 2011. Determination of nutritive value of wild narrow-leaved clover (Trifolium angustifolium) hay harvested at three maturity stages using chemical composition and in vitro gas production. Tropical Grassland, 44(2): 128- 133.

9. Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y, Erol A, Ozay O, 2005a. Effect of maturit ystage on chemical composition, in vitro and i n s itu dry matter degradation o f tumbleweed hay (Gundeliatournetortii L.) Small Rum Res, 58: 149-156.
10. Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y.,Ozkan C O, Kizilsimsek M, 2005b. Determination of nutritive value of wild mustard, Sinapsis arvensis harvested at different maturity stages using in situ and in vitro measurements. Asian-Austral J Anim Sci, 18 (9): 1249–1254.
11. Kaplan M, Kamalak A, Ozkan CO, Atalay AI 2014a. Vejetasyon Döneminin Yabani Korunga Otunun Potansiyel Besleme Değerine, Metan Üretimine ve Kondense Tanen İçeriğine Etkisi. Harran ÜnivVet Fak Derg, 3(1): 1-5.
12. Kaplan, M., Kamalak A, Kasra AA, Güven I, 2014b. Effect of maturity stages on potential nutritive value, methane production and condensed tannin content of Sanguisorba minor Hay. Kafkas Univ. Vet Fak.Derg. 20: 445-449.
13. Lin B, Wang JH, Lu Y, Liang Q, Liu JX 2013. Invitro Rumen fermentation and methane production are influenced by active components of essential oils combined with fumarate. Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 97 (1): 1-9.
14. Lopez S, Makkar H PS, Soliva CR, 2010. Screening plants and plant products for methane inhibitors. In “In vitro screening of plant resources forextranutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologies”, Ed; Vercoe PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink A, London, New York, USA.
15. Menke K H, Raab L, Saleweski A, Steingass H, Fritz D, Schneider Wb, 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J AgricSciCamb, 93(1): 217–222.
16. Menke KH, Steingass H, 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal research and development, 28: 7–55
17. SAS. 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Sys tems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
18. Temel S, Tan M, 2002.A Research on Determination of Seeding and Cutting Time in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) Under Erzurum Conditions. Ataturk Univ. Ziraat Fak. Derg, 33 (4): 363-368.
19. Van Soest PJ, Wine RH, 1967.The use of detergents in the analysis of fbrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall consti tuents. Journal of the As sociation of Offcial Analytical Che mists, 50: 50-55.
20. Van Soest PJ, 1963. The use of detergents in the analysis of fbre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fbre and lignin. Journal of the Association of Offcial Analytical Che mists, 46: 829-835.