Production and Characterization of Nanoparticle ZnO Thin Film by Using Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Aqueous Extract

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an important field of research in materials science. In particular, the production

of nanostructured materials via environmentally friendly methods has become even more important for

nanotechnology. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the few materials that stand out for nanotechnology. In this study, ZnO

nanoparticles were produced using black tea (Camellia sinensis) aqueous extract and coated on a glass substrate

by a spin coating system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) system was used to characterize the produced ZnO sample and

determine its crystal properties. The average crystal size of ZnO sample was calculated to be 44 nm from XRD

results. Morphological properties of produced ZnO sample was examined by field emission-scanning electron

microscopy (FE-SEM) and the average particle size was measured as about 100 nm. The optical properties of the

produced ZnO sample were investigated by ultraviolet-visible region (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer and optical

transparency was over 90 % in the range of 300 to 1000 nm. The electrical conductivity values of the produced

ZnO sample were measured by four probe dc system, and determined to be 1.65*10-8 and 1.26*10-6 Ω-1.cm-1 at the

measurement temperatures of 35 and 550 °C, respectively.

Keywords

• Nanomaterials,ZnO,black tea (Camellia sinensis),green synthesis metod

Siyah Çay (Camellia sinensis) Sulu Ekstraktı Kullanılarak Nanotanecikli ZnO İnce Filminin Üretilmesi ve Karakterize Edilmesi

Abstract

Nanoteknoloji, malzeme biliminin önemli bir araştırma alanıdır. Özellikle, çevre dostu yöntemler

kullanılarak nanoyapılı malzemelerin üretilmesi nanoteknoloji için daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Çinko oksit

(ZnO) nanoteknoloji için öne çıkan malzemeden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada, siyah çayın (Camellia sinensis) sulu

ekstraktı kullanılarak ZnO nanotanecikleri üretildi ve döndürerek kaplama sistemi ile bir cam altlık üzerine ince

film olarak kaplandı. Üretilen ZnO örneğinin tanımlanması ve kristal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi x-ışını difraksiyonu

(XRD) ile gerçekleştirildi. XRD verilerinden ZnO örneğinin ortalama kristal boyutu 44 nm olarak hesaplandı. ZnO

örneğinin morfolojik özellikleri alan emisyonlu-taramalı elektron mikroskobu (FE-SEM) ile incelendi ve ortalama

tanecik boyutu yaklaşık 100 nm olarak ölçüldü. Üretilen ZnO örneğinin optik özellikleri mor ötesi-görünür bölge

(UV-VIS) spektrofotometresi ile incelendi ve 350-1000 nm dalgaboyu aralığında % 90 üzerinde optik geçirgenlik

gözlendi. Üretilen ZnO örneğinin elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri dört nokta dc sistemi ile ölçüldü ve sırasıyla 35 ve

550 °C ölçüm sıcaklıklarında 1.65*10-8 ve 1.26*10-6 Ω-1.cm-1 olarak belirlendi.

Keywords

• Nanomalzemeler,ZnO,siyah çay (Camellia sinensis),yeşil sentez yöntemi,yeşil sentez yöntemi

References

1. Adnan M, Ahmad A, Ahmed A, Khalid N, Hayat I, Ahmed I, 2013. Chemical Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Commercialized in Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45 (3): 901-907.
2. Bagnall D, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Yao T, Koyama S, Shen M, Goto T, 1997. Optically Pumped Lasing of ZnO at Room Temperature Applied Physics Letters, 70 (17): 2230-2232.
3. Çolak H, Karaköse E, 2017a. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured ZnO Thin Films Using Citrus aurantifolia (Lemon) Peel Extract by Spin Coating Method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 690: 658-662.
4. Çolak H, Karaköse E, 2017b. Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28 (16): 12184-12190.
5. Çolak H, Karaköse E, Duman F, 2017. High Optoelectronic and Antimicrobial Performances of Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles by Using Aesculus hippocastanum. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 15 (3): 547-552.
6. Esparza-Gonzalez SC, Sanchez-Valdes S, Ramirez-Barron SN, Loera-Arias MJ, Bernal J, Ivan Melendez-Ortiz H, Betancourt-Galindo R, 2016. Effects of Different Surface Modifying Agents on the Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles. Toxicology in Vitro, 37: 134-141.
7. Hong CS, Park HH, Park HH, Chang HJ, 2008. Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO Thin Film Containing Nano-sized Ag Particles. Journal of Electroceramics, 22(4): 353-356.
8. Khan MI, Bhatti KA, Qindeel R, Bousiakou LG, Alonizan N, e-Aleem F, 2016. Investigations of the Structural, Morphological and Electrical Properties of Multilayer ZnO/TiO2 Thin Films, Deposited by Sol-gel Technique. Results in Physics, 6: 156-160.

9. Kumar B, Smita K, Cumbal L, Debut A, 2014. Green Approach for Fabrication and Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2014: 523869-523875.
10. Lee JB, Le HJ, Seo SH, Park JS, 2001. Characterization of Undoped and Cu-doped ZnO Films for Surface Acoustic Wave Applications. Thin Solid Films, 398-399: 641-646.
11. Lee W, Kang J, Chang K, 2006. Electronic Structure of Phosphorus in ZnO. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 376-377: 699-702.
12. Narin İ, Çolak H, Türkoğlu O, Soylak M, Doğan M, 2004. Heavy Metals in Black Tea Samples Produced in Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72 (4): 844-849.
13. Sangeetha G, Rajeshwari S, Venckatesh R, 2011. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Aloe Barbadensis Miller Leaf Extract: Structure and Optical properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 46 (12): 2560-2566.
14. Sawalha A, Abu-Abdeen M, Sedky A, 2009. Electrical Conductivity Study in Pure and Doped ZnO Ceramic System. Physica B: Condensed Matter 404: 1316-1320.
15. Shende S, Gade A, Rai M, 2017. Large-Scale Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Fungal-Derived Silver Nanoparticles. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 15 (3): 427-434.
16. Sirelkhatim A, Mahmud S, Seeni A, Kaus NHM, Ann LC, Bakhori SKM, Hasan H, Mohamad D, 2015. Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism. Nano-Micro Letters, 7(3): 219–242.
17. Tang Z, Wong G, Yu P, Kawasaki M, Ohtomo A, Koinmura H, Segawa Y, 1998. Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Laser Emission from Self-Assembled ZnO Microcrystallite Thin Films. Applied Physics Letters, 72 (25): 3270-3272.
18. Tariq AL, Reyaz AL, 2012. Phytochemical Analysis of Camellia sinensis Leaves. International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 4 (4): 311-316.
19. Yilmaz S, Turkoglu O, Belenli I, 2008. Measurement and Properties of the Ionic Conductivity of β-Phase in the Binary System of (Bi2O3)1-X(Sm2O3)X. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 112: 472-477.