The Investigation of Physiological, Anatomical and Cytogenetic Effects of Protective Substance Paraben in Allium cepa L.

Abstract

In this study, toxicity induced by Allium cepa L. test material of Methyl Paraben which is included in

many products, especially cosmetic and cleaning products which we use frequently in our daily life, was investigated

by using physiological, cytogenetic and anatomical parameters. Physiological parameters; germination percentage,

root length and weight gain, cytogenetic parameters; by determining the micronucleus frequency, chromosomal

abnormalities and mitotic index, anatomical parameters were investigated by microscopic examination of the

sections taken from the root tips. A. cepa L. seeds were divided into four (4) groups, one (1) control and three

(3) applications, for 72 hours, the seeds in the control group were treated with tap water and the seeds in the

treatment group were treated with doses of 100, 250 and 500 mM of Methyl Paraben. At the end of the period,

root tips were subjected to routine preparations, stained and made ready for microscopic examinations. Eventually,

there was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the germination percentage, root length, weight gain and

mitotic index values of the Paraben application, although there was a statistically significant an increase (p<0.05)

in the micronucleus and chromosomal abnormality numbers. In addition, Paraben administration has resulted in

anatomical changes in the root cells of the flattened cell nucleus, necrosis, thickening of the cell walls of the cortex,

nonspecific vascular tissue, cell deformation, and accumulation of certain substances in the cortex cells. As a result,

it has been shown that Paraben shows toxic effect at a certain dose level and A. cepa L. test material is a useful

biological indicator in determining its effect

Keywords

• Allium cepa L.,anatomy,genotoxicity,methyl paraben,physiology

Koruyucu Madde Paraben’in Allium cepa L.’daki Fizyolojik, Anatomik ve Sitogenetik Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, günlük yaşamımızda sıkça kullandığımız kozmetik ve temizlik ürünleri başta olmak üzere,

pek çok ürünün bileşiminde yer alan Metil Paraben’in Allium cepa L. test materyalinde teşvik ettiği toksisite fizyolojik,

sitogenetik ve anatomik parametreler kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Fizyolojik parametreler; çimlenme yüzdesi,

kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışının ölçülmesiyle, sitogenetik parametreler; mikronukleus sıklığı, kromozomal

anormallikler ve mitotik indeks değerlerinin tespitiyle, anatomik parametreler ise kök uçlarından alınan kesitlerin

mikroskopta incelenmesiyle araştırılmıştır. A. cepa L. tohumları bir (1) kontrol ve üç (3) uygulama olmak üzere

toplam dört (4) gruba ayrılmış, 72 saat süresince, kontrol grubundaki tohumlar çeşme suyu, uygulama grubundaki

tohumlar ise Metil Parabenin 100, 250 ve 500 mM dozları ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Süre sonunda kök uçları rutin

preparasyon işlemlerine tabi tutulmuş, boyanmış ve mikroskobik incelemeler için hazır hale getirilmiştir. Sonuçta,

paraben uygulamasının doza bağlı olarak çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu, ağırlık artışı ve mitotik indeks değerlerinde

istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.05) bir azalmaya, mikronukleus ve kromozomal anormallik sayılarında ise

önemli (p<0.05) bir artışa neden olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, paraben uygulaması kök ucu hücrelerinde yassılaşmış

hücre çekirdeği, nekroz, korteks hücre çeperlerinde kalınlaşma, belirgin olmayan iletim doku, hücre deformasyonu

ve korteks hücrelerinde bazı maddelerin birikimi şeklinde anatomik değişimlere neden olmuştur. Sonuç olarak,

paraben’in belirli bir doz seviyesinde toksik etki gösterdiği, A. cepa L. test materyalinin ise söz konusu etkinin

belirlenmesinde oldukça kullanışlı bir biyolojik indikatör olduğu gösterilmiştir.

Keywords

• Allium cepa L.,anatomi,fizyoloji,genotoksisite,metil paraben

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