Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1068 - 1079, 01.06.2021

İlhan Candan

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.828194

Abstract

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) can reveal a molecule’s vibrational spectrum to a great extent. Instantaneous interaction of Stokes and pump beams stemming from powerful pulsed lasers excites a molecule’s vibrational modes in CARS. In this technique, combining two visible laser beams could create spectra resonances relating to vibrational transitions. In this work, Raman excitation of Hydrogen molecules to v = 1 state is achieved by CARS spectroscopy. CARS measurements are successfully carried out for H2 S-branch and Q-branch transitions using our laser system. This measurement proves the feasibility of CARS experiment which could be employed to excite molecules to a specific rovibrational state. Moreover, experiments conducted for CARS signal with respect to various gas pressures differing between 200 and 600 torr for S-branch transition of H2 molecule.

Keywords

H2 Coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering Q-branch

References

  • Anderson A, 1971. The Raman Effect. Principles and Applications. Marcel Dekker: New York, 1973, 1-4.
  • Ando M, Kawano M, Tashiro A, Takamuku T, Shirota H, 2020. Low-Frequency Spectra of 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Mixtures with Methanol, Acetonitrile, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A Combined Study of Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 124(36): 7857-7871.
  • Babenko V, Bunkin N, Sychev A, 2020. Role of gas nanobubbles in nonlinear hyper-Raman scattering of light in water. JOSA B, 37(9): 2805-2814.
  • Bartlett NC, Miller DJ, Zare RN, Sofikitis D, Peter Rakitzis T, Alexander AJ, 2008. Preparation of oriented and aligned H 2 and HD by stimulated Raman pumping. The Journal of chemical physics, 129(8): 084312.
  • Begley R, Harvey A, Byer RL, 1974. Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Applied Physics Letters, 25(7): 387-390.
  • Buric MP, Chen KP, Falk J, Woodruff SD, 2009. Improved sensitivity gas detection by spontaneous Raman scattering. Applied Optics, 48(22): 4424-4429.
  • Butler HJ, Ashton L, Bird B, Cinque G, Curtis K, Dorney J, Esmonde-White K, Fullwood NJ, Gardner B, Martin-Hirsch PL, 2016. Using Raman spectroscopy to characterize biological materials. Nature protocols, 11(4): 664-687.
  • Candan I, 2016. Production and measurement of H2 in rovibrationally excited states. UCL (University College London).
  • Choi DS, Kim CH, Lee T, Nah S, Rhee H, Cho M, 2019. Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging with non-resonant coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: double stimulated Raman scattering scheme. Optics express, 27(16): 23558-23575.
  • Christensen D, Rüther A, Kochan K, Pérez-Guaita D, Wood B, 2019. Whole-organism analysis by vibrational spectroscopy. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 12: 89-108.
  • Coppendale N, Wang L, Douglas P, Barker P, 2011. A high-energy, chirped laser system for optical Stark deceleration. Applied Physics B, 104(3): 569.
  • Cutler AD, Gallo EC, Cantu LM, Rockwell RD, Goyne CP, 2018. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of a premixed ethylene–air flame in a dual-mode scramjet. Combustion and Flame, 189: 92-105.
  • Dabrowski I, 1984. The Lyman and Werner bands of H2. Canadian Journal of Physics, 62(12): 1639-1664.
  • Dedic CE, Meyer TR, Michael JB, 2017. Single-shot ultrafast coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of vibrational/rotational nonequilibrium. Optica, 4(5): 563-570.
  • Eckbreth AC, 1996. Laser diagnostics for combustion temperature and species, 3CRC press.
  • Eesley GL, 2013. Coherent Raman Spectroscopy, Elsevier.
  • Ehn A, Zhu J, Li X, Kiefer J, 2017. Advanced laser-based techniques for gas-phase diagnostics in combustion and aerospace engineering. Applied spectroscopy, 71(3): 341-366.
  • El-Diasty F, 2011. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: Spectroscopy and microscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 55(1): 1-37.
  • Farahani, MA, Gogolla T, 1999. Spontaneous Raman scattering in optical fibers with modulated probe light for distributed temperature Raman remote sensing. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 17(8): 1379.
  • Folick A, Min W, Wang MC, 2011. Label-free imaging of lipid dynamics using Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy. Current opinion in genetics & development, 21(5): 585-590.
  • Gong L, Zheng W, Ma Y, Huang Z, 2020. Higher-order coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy realizes label-free super-resolution vibrational imaging. Nature Photonics, 14(2): 115-122.
  • Goodhead RM, Moger J, Galloway TS, Tyler CR, 2015. Tracing engineered nanomaterials in biological tissues using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy–a critical review. Nanotoxicology, 9(7): 928-939.
  • Harvey A, Nibler J, 1978. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of gases. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 14(1): 101-143.
  • Heiman D, Hellwarth R, Levenson M, Martin G, 1976. Raman-induced Kerr effect. Physical Review Letters, 36(4): 189.
  • Jensen BB, Glover ZJ, Pedersen SM, Andersen U, Duelund L, Brewer JR, 2019. Label free noninvasive spatially resolved NaCl concentration measurements using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy applied to butter. Food chemistry, 297: 124881.
  • Jiang H, Xu W, Ding Y, Chen Q, 2020. Quantitative analysis of yeast fermentation process using Raman spectroscopy: Comparison of CARS and VCPA for variable selection. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 228: 117781.
  • Jones RR, Hooper DC, Zhang L, Wolverson D, Valev VK, 2019. Raman techniques: Fundamentals and frontiers. Nanoscale research letters, 14(1): 1-34.
  • Kakinuma S, Shirota H, 2018. Femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr effect study of temperature-dependent intermolecular dynamics in molten bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide salts: effects of cation species. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 122(22): 6033-6047.
  • Kearney SP, Scoglietti DJ, Kliewer CJ, 2013. Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering temperature and concentration measurements using two different picosecond-duration probes. Optics express, 21(10): 12327-12339.
  • Kiefer W, Bernstein H, 1972. The resonance Raman effect of the permanganate and chromate ions. Molecular Physics, 23(5): 835-851.
  • Kifer W, 1980. Active Raman spectroscopy: high resolution molecular spectroscopical methods. Journal of Molecular Structure, 59: 305-319.
  • Kliewer C, Bohlin A, Nordström E, Patterson B, Bengtsson PE, Settersten T, 2012. Time-domain measurements of S-branch N 2–N 2 Raman linewidths using picosecond pure rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Applied Physics B, 108(2): 419-426.
  • Krafft C, Dietzek B, Popp J, Schmitt M, 2012. Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy for biomedical applications. Journal of biomedical optics, 17(4): 040801.
  • Kushwaha AS, Kumar A, Kumar R, Srivastava S, 2018. A study of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor with improved sensitivity. Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications, 31: 99-106.
  • Lempert WR, Adamovich IV, 2014. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman scattering diagnostics of nonequilibrium plasmas and flows. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47(43): 433001.
  • Lim S, Choi DS, Rhee H, Cho M, 2020. An Efficient Switching-Off of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering via Double Stimulated Raman Scattering Processes of Heteromolecular Vibrational Modes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 124(17): 3583-3590.
  • Liu CH, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Li J, Zhou L, Boydston-White S, Masilamani V, Zhu K, Pu Y, Alfano R, 2013. Resonance Raman and Raman spectroscopy for breast cancer detection. Technology in cancer research & treatment, 12(4): 371-382.
  • Madzharova F, Heiner Z, Kneipp J, 2017. Surface enhanced hyper Raman scattering (SEHRS) and its applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 46(13): 3980-3999.
  • Maher-McWilliams C, Douglas P, Barker P, 2012. Laser-driven acceleration of neutral particles. Nature Photonics, 6(6): 386-390.
  • Maker P, Terhune R, 1965. Study of optical effects due to an induced polarization third order in the electric field strength. Physical Review, 137(3A): A801.
  • Moura CC, Tare RS, Oreffo RO, Mahajan S, 2016. Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging: prospective tools for monitoring skeletal cells and skeletal regeneration. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 13(118): 20160182.
  • Ochkin VN, 2009. Spectroscopy of low temperature plasma. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Portnov A, Bar I, Rosenwaks S, 2010. Highly sensitive standoff detection of explosives via backward coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Applied Physics B, 98(2): 529-535.
  • Ran Y, Junghanns M, Boden A, Nolte S, Tünnermann A, Ackermann R, 2019. Temperature and gas concentration measurements with vibrational ultra‐broadband two‐beam femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman scattering. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 50(9): 1268-1275.
  • Regnier P, Moya F, Taran J, 1974. Gas concentration measurement by coherent Raman anti-Stokes scattering. AIAA Journal, 12(6): 826-831.
  • Saito R, Grüneis A, Samsonidze GG, Brar V, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M, Jorio A, Cançado L, Fantini C, Pimenta M, 2003. Double resonance Raman spectroscopy of single-wall carbon nanotubes. New Journal of Physics, 5(1): 157.
  • Sarri B, Chen X, Canonge R, Grégoire S, Formanek F, Galey JB, Potter A, Bornschlögl T, Rigneault H, 2019. In vivo quantitative molecular absorption of glycerol in human skin using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon auto-fluorescence. Journal of Controlled Release, 308: 190-196.
  • Shirley J, Hall R, 1977. Vibrational excitation in H2 and D2 electric discharges. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 67(6): 2419-2421.
  • Short L, Thoms AV, Cao B, Sinyukov AM, Joshi A, Scully R, Sanders V, Voronine DV, 2015. Facile residue analysis of recent and prehistoric cook stones using handheld Raman spectrometry. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 46(1): 126-132.
  • Takaya T, Enokida I, Furukawa Y, Iwata K, 2019. Direct Observation of Structure and Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Poly (3-hexylthiophene) Films by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Near-IR Inverse Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules, 24(3): 431.
  • Tang Y, He C, Zheng X, Chen X, Gao T, 2020. Super-capacity information-carrying systems encoded with spontaneous Raman scattering. Chemical Science, 11(11): 3096-3103.
  • Teramoto Y, Ono R, 2014. Measurement of vibrationally excited N2 (v) in an atmospheric-pressure air pulsed corona discharge using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Journal of Applied Physics, 116(7): 073302.
  • Terhune R, Maker P, 1963. Nonlinear optics. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc, 8(359): 0003-0503.
  • Tolles WM, Nibler J, McDonald J, Harvey A, 1977. A review of the theory and application of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Applied Spectroscopy, 31(4): 253-271.
  • Turner J, Kirby-Docken K, Dalgarno A, 1977. The quadrupole vibration-rotation transition probabilities of molecular hydrogen. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 35: 281.
  • Verdieck J, Peterson S, Savage C, Maker PD, 1970. Hyper-raman spectra of methane, ethane and ethylene in gas phase. Chemical Physics Letters, 7(2): 219-222.
  • Xie L, Ling X, Fang Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, 2009. Graphene as a substrate to suppress fluorescence in resonance Raman spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(29): 9890-9891.
  • Yan M, Zhang L, Hao Q, Shen X, Qian X, Chen H, Ren X, Zeng H, 2018. Surface‐Enhanced Dual‐Comb Coherent Raman Spectroscopy with Nanoporous Gold Films. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 12(9): 1800096.
  • Yang K, Wu Y, Jiang J, Ye P, Huang K, Hao Q, Zeng H, 2018. Fiber optical parametric oscillator and amplifier for CARS spectroscopy. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 30(10): 967-970.
  • Yatom S, Tskhai S, Krasik YE, 2013. Electric field in a plasma channel in a high-pressure nanosecond discharge in hydrogen: A coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering study. Physical review letters, 111(25): 255001.
  • Yeung, E. S. (1974) Inverse Raman effect: A quantitative spectroscopic technique. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 53(3): 379-392.
  • Zhang C, Cheng JX, 2018. Perspective: Coherent Raman scattering microscopy, the future is bright. APL Photonics, 3(9): 090901.
  • Zheltikov A, 2000. Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering: from proof‐of‐the‐principle experiments to femtosecond CARS and higher order wave‐mixing generalizations. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31(8‐9): 653-667.
  • Zhu S, Fan C, Ding P, Liang E, Hou H, Wu Y, 2018. Theoretical investigation of a plasmonic substrate with multi-resonance for surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering. Scientific reports, 8(1): 1-7.

Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1068 - 1079, 01.06.2021

İlhan Candan

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.828194

Abstract

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) can reveal a molecule’s vibrational spectrum to a great extent. Instantaneous interaction of Stokes and pump beams stemming from powerful pulsed lasers excites a molecule’s vibrational modes in CARS. In this technique, combining two visible laser beams could create spectra resonances relating to vibrational transitions. In this work, Raman excitation of Hydrogen molecules to v = 1 state is achieved by CARS spectroscopy. CARS measurements are successfully carried out for H2 S-branch and Q-branch transitions using our laser system. This measurement proves the feasibility of CARS experiment which could be employed to excite molecules to a specific rovibrational state. Moreover, experiments conducted for CARS signal with respect to various gas pressures differing between 200 and 600 torr for S-branch transition of H2 molecule.

Keywords

H2 Coherent anti Stokes Raman scattering S-branch Q-branch

References

  • Anderson A, 1971. The Raman Effect. Principles and Applications. Marcel Dekker: New York, 1973, 1-4.
  • Ando M, Kawano M, Tashiro A, Takamuku T, Shirota H, 2020. Low-Frequency Spectra of 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Mixtures with Methanol, Acetonitrile, and Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A Combined Study of Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 124(36): 7857-7871.
  • Babenko V, Bunkin N, Sychev A, 2020. Role of gas nanobubbles in nonlinear hyper-Raman scattering of light in water. JOSA B, 37(9): 2805-2814.
  • Bartlett NC, Miller DJ, Zare RN, Sofikitis D, Peter Rakitzis T, Alexander AJ, 2008. Preparation of oriented and aligned H 2 and HD by stimulated Raman pumping. The Journal of chemical physics, 129(8): 084312.
  • Begley R, Harvey A, Byer RL, 1974. Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Applied Physics Letters, 25(7): 387-390.
  • Buric MP, Chen KP, Falk J, Woodruff SD, 2009. Improved sensitivity gas detection by spontaneous Raman scattering. Applied Optics, 48(22): 4424-4429.
  • Butler HJ, Ashton L, Bird B, Cinque G, Curtis K, Dorney J, Esmonde-White K, Fullwood NJ, Gardner B, Martin-Hirsch PL, 2016. Using Raman spectroscopy to characterize biological materials. Nature protocols, 11(4): 664-687.
  • Candan I, 2016. Production and measurement of H2 in rovibrationally excited states. UCL (University College London).
  • Choi DS, Kim CH, Lee T, Nah S, Rhee H, Cho M, 2019. Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging with non-resonant coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: double stimulated Raman scattering scheme. Optics express, 27(16): 23558-23575.
  • Christensen D, Rüther A, Kochan K, Pérez-Guaita D, Wood B, 2019. Whole-organism analysis by vibrational spectroscopy. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 12: 89-108.
  • Coppendale N, Wang L, Douglas P, Barker P, 2011. A high-energy, chirped laser system for optical Stark deceleration. Applied Physics B, 104(3): 569.
  • Cutler AD, Gallo EC, Cantu LM, Rockwell RD, Goyne CP, 2018. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of a premixed ethylene–air flame in a dual-mode scramjet. Combustion and Flame, 189: 92-105.
  • Dabrowski I, 1984. The Lyman and Werner bands of H2. Canadian Journal of Physics, 62(12): 1639-1664.
  • Dedic CE, Meyer TR, Michael JB, 2017. Single-shot ultrafast coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of vibrational/rotational nonequilibrium. Optica, 4(5): 563-570.
  • Eckbreth AC, 1996. Laser diagnostics for combustion temperature and species, 3CRC press.
  • Eesley GL, 2013. Coherent Raman Spectroscopy, Elsevier.
  • Ehn A, Zhu J, Li X, Kiefer J, 2017. Advanced laser-based techniques for gas-phase diagnostics in combustion and aerospace engineering. Applied spectroscopy, 71(3): 341-366.
  • El-Diasty F, 2011. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering: Spectroscopy and microscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 55(1): 1-37.
  • Farahani, MA, Gogolla T, 1999. Spontaneous Raman scattering in optical fibers with modulated probe light for distributed temperature Raman remote sensing. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 17(8): 1379.
  • Folick A, Min W, Wang MC, 2011. Label-free imaging of lipid dynamics using Coherent Anti-stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy. Current opinion in genetics & development, 21(5): 585-590.
  • Gong L, Zheng W, Ma Y, Huang Z, 2020. Higher-order coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy realizes label-free super-resolution vibrational imaging. Nature Photonics, 14(2): 115-122.
  • Goodhead RM, Moger J, Galloway TS, Tyler CR, 2015. Tracing engineered nanomaterials in biological tissues using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy–a critical review. Nanotoxicology, 9(7): 928-939.
  • Harvey A, Nibler J, 1978. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy of gases. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 14(1): 101-143.
  • Heiman D, Hellwarth R, Levenson M, Martin G, 1976. Raman-induced Kerr effect. Physical Review Letters, 36(4): 189.
  • Jensen BB, Glover ZJ, Pedersen SM, Andersen U, Duelund L, Brewer JR, 2019. Label free noninvasive spatially resolved NaCl concentration measurements using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy applied to butter. Food chemistry, 297: 124881.
  • Jiang H, Xu W, Ding Y, Chen Q, 2020. Quantitative analysis of yeast fermentation process using Raman spectroscopy: Comparison of CARS and VCPA for variable selection. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 228: 117781.
  • Jones RR, Hooper DC, Zhang L, Wolverson D, Valev VK, 2019. Raman techniques: Fundamentals and frontiers. Nanoscale research letters, 14(1): 1-34.
  • Kakinuma S, Shirota H, 2018. Femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr effect study of temperature-dependent intermolecular dynamics in molten bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide salts: effects of cation species. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 122(22): 6033-6047.
  • Kearney SP, Scoglietti DJ, Kliewer CJ, 2013. Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering temperature and concentration measurements using two different picosecond-duration probes. Optics express, 21(10): 12327-12339.
  • Kiefer W, Bernstein H, 1972. The resonance Raman effect of the permanganate and chromate ions. Molecular Physics, 23(5): 835-851.
  • Kifer W, 1980. Active Raman spectroscopy: high resolution molecular spectroscopical methods. Journal of Molecular Structure, 59: 305-319.
  • Kliewer C, Bohlin A, Nordström E, Patterson B, Bengtsson PE, Settersten T, 2012. Time-domain measurements of S-branch N 2–N 2 Raman linewidths using picosecond pure rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Applied Physics B, 108(2): 419-426.
  • Krafft C, Dietzek B, Popp J, Schmitt M, 2012. Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy for biomedical applications. Journal of biomedical optics, 17(4): 040801.
  • Kushwaha AS, Kumar A, Kumar R, Srivastava S, 2018. A study of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor with improved sensitivity. Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications, 31: 99-106.
  • Lempert WR, Adamovich IV, 2014. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman scattering diagnostics of nonequilibrium plasmas and flows. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 47(43): 433001.
  • Lim S, Choi DS, Rhee H, Cho M, 2020. An Efficient Switching-Off of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering via Double Stimulated Raman Scattering Processes of Heteromolecular Vibrational Modes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 124(17): 3583-3590.
  • Liu CH, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Li J, Zhou L, Boydston-White S, Masilamani V, Zhu K, Pu Y, Alfano R, 2013. Resonance Raman and Raman spectroscopy for breast cancer detection. Technology in cancer research & treatment, 12(4): 371-382.
  • Madzharova F, Heiner Z, Kneipp J, 2017. Surface enhanced hyper Raman scattering (SEHRS) and its applications. Chemical Society Reviews, 46(13): 3980-3999.
  • Maher-McWilliams C, Douglas P, Barker P, 2012. Laser-driven acceleration of neutral particles. Nature Photonics, 6(6): 386-390.
  • Maker P, Terhune R, 1965. Study of optical effects due to an induced polarization third order in the electric field strength. Physical Review, 137(3A): A801.
  • Moura CC, Tare RS, Oreffo RO, Mahajan S, 2016. Raman spectroscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging: prospective tools for monitoring skeletal cells and skeletal regeneration. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 13(118): 20160182.
  • Ochkin VN, 2009. Spectroscopy of low temperature plasma. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Portnov A, Bar I, Rosenwaks S, 2010. Highly sensitive standoff detection of explosives via backward coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Applied Physics B, 98(2): 529-535.
  • Ran Y, Junghanns M, Boden A, Nolte S, Tünnermann A, Ackermann R, 2019. Temperature and gas concentration measurements with vibrational ultra‐broadband two‐beam femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering and spontaneous Raman scattering. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 50(9): 1268-1275.
  • Regnier P, Moya F, Taran J, 1974. Gas concentration measurement by coherent Raman anti-Stokes scattering. AIAA Journal, 12(6): 826-831.
  • Saito R, Grüneis A, Samsonidze GG, Brar V, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M, Jorio A, Cançado L, Fantini C, Pimenta M, 2003. Double resonance Raman spectroscopy of single-wall carbon nanotubes. New Journal of Physics, 5(1): 157.
  • Sarri B, Chen X, Canonge R, Grégoire S, Formanek F, Galey JB, Potter A, Bornschlögl T, Rigneault H, 2019. In vivo quantitative molecular absorption of glycerol in human skin using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon auto-fluorescence. Journal of Controlled Release, 308: 190-196.
  • Shirley J, Hall R, 1977. Vibrational excitation in H2 and D2 electric discharges. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 67(6): 2419-2421.
  • Short L, Thoms AV, Cao B, Sinyukov AM, Joshi A, Scully R, Sanders V, Voronine DV, 2015. Facile residue analysis of recent and prehistoric cook stones using handheld Raman spectrometry. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 46(1): 126-132.
  • Takaya T, Enokida I, Furukawa Y, Iwata K, 2019. Direct Observation of Structure and Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Poly (3-hexylthiophene) Films by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Near-IR Inverse Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules, 24(3): 431.
  • Tang Y, He C, Zheng X, Chen X, Gao T, 2020. Super-capacity information-carrying systems encoded with spontaneous Raman scattering. Chemical Science, 11(11): 3096-3103.
  • Teramoto Y, Ono R, 2014. Measurement of vibrationally excited N2 (v) in an atmospheric-pressure air pulsed corona discharge using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Journal of Applied Physics, 116(7): 073302.
  • Terhune R, Maker P, 1963. Nonlinear optics. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc, 8(359): 0003-0503.
  • Tolles WM, Nibler J, McDonald J, Harvey A, 1977. A review of the theory and application of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Applied Spectroscopy, 31(4): 253-271.
  • Turner J, Kirby-Docken K, Dalgarno A, 1977. The quadrupole vibration-rotation transition probabilities of molecular hydrogen. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 35: 281.
  • Verdieck J, Peterson S, Savage C, Maker PD, 1970. Hyper-raman spectra of methane, ethane and ethylene in gas phase. Chemical Physics Letters, 7(2): 219-222.
  • Xie L, Ling X, Fang Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, 2009. Graphene as a substrate to suppress fluorescence in resonance Raman spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(29): 9890-9891.
  • Yan M, Zhang L, Hao Q, Shen X, Qian X, Chen H, Ren X, Zeng H, 2018. Surface‐Enhanced Dual‐Comb Coherent Raman Spectroscopy with Nanoporous Gold Films. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 12(9): 1800096.
  • Yang K, Wu Y, Jiang J, Ye P, Huang K, Hao Q, Zeng H, 2018. Fiber optical parametric oscillator and amplifier for CARS spectroscopy. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 30(10): 967-970.
  • Yatom S, Tskhai S, Krasik YE, 2013. Electric field in a plasma channel in a high-pressure nanosecond discharge in hydrogen: A coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering study. Physical review letters, 111(25): 255001.
  • Yeung, E. S. (1974) Inverse Raman effect: A quantitative spectroscopic technique. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, 53(3): 379-392.
  • Zhang C, Cheng JX, 2018. Perspective: Coherent Raman scattering microscopy, the future is bright. APL Photonics, 3(9): 090901.
  • Zheltikov A, 2000. Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering: from proof‐of‐the‐principle experiments to femtosecond CARS and higher order wave‐mixing generalizations. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31(8‐9): 653-667.
  • Zhu S, Fan C, Ding P, Liang E, Hou H, Wu Y, 2018. Theoretical investigation of a plasmonic substrate with multi-resonance for surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering. Scientific reports, 8(1): 1-7.
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlhan Candan 0000-0001-9489-5324

Submission Date November 20, 2020
Acceptance Date February 6, 2021
Publication Date June 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Candan, İ. (2021). Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 11(2), 1068-1079. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.828194
AMA 1.Candan İ. Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2021;11(2):1068-1079. doi:10.21597/jist.828194
Chicago Candan, İlhan. 2021. “Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to V = 1 State”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11 (2): 1068-79. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.828194.
EndNote Candan İ (June 1, 2021) Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11 2 1068–1079.
IEEE [1]İ. Candan, “Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State”, J. Inst. Sci. and Tech., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1068–1079, June 2021, doi: 10.21597/jist.828194.
ISNAD Candan, İlhan. “Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to V = 1 State”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 11/2 (June 1, 2021): 1068-1079. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.828194.
JAMA 1.Candan İ. Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. 2021;11:1068–1079.
MLA Candan, İlhan. “Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to V = 1 State”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 1068-79, doi:10.21597/jist.828194.
Vancouver 1.Candan İ. Raman Excitation of Hydrogen Molecules to v = 1 State. J. Inst. Sci. and Tech. [Internet]. 2021 June 1;11(2):1068-79. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA84TE73NK