Nutritional Content and Medicinal Benefits of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Abstract

Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) is the plant has richest protein content in the legume family. With its dry grain, it meets the protein ratio that cannot be met with animal foods as a vegetable food. Thanks to the bacteria on the roots of the broad bean, it fixation the free nitrogen in airborne to the soil and is also used as green fertilizer. At the same time, broad bean contribute to the yield increase by entering the rotation system with various products. In addition, the green part has many benefits in terms of medicine as well as its benefits such as rationing by adding to animal feed. In this study, the nutritional content, anti-nutritional components and medicinal additives of the broad bean were evaluated. In the researches; Although broad beans have positive effects on treatments thanks to its rich content, it also has negative effects on human and animal health due to the anti-nutritional substances it contains. In this review, the medical importance of broad beans was evaluated.

Keywords

• Legumes
• Faba bean
• Nutritional components
• Anti-nutritional components

Baklanın (Vicia faba L.) Besinsel İçeriği ve Tıbbi Açıdan Yararları

Abstract

Bakla (Vicia faba L.), baklagiller familyası içerisinde en zengin protein içeriğine sahip olan bitkidir. Kuru tanesiyle hayvansal gıdalarla karşılanamayan protein oranını bitkisel gıda olarak karşılamaktadır. Bakla köklerindeki bakteri sayesinde havadaki serbest azotu toprağa bağlamaktadır ve yeşil gübre olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bakla çeşitli ürünlerle ekim nöbeti sistemine girerek verim artışına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca yeşil aksamının hayvan yemlerine katılarak rasyon oluşturması gibi yararlarının yanı sıra tıbbi açıdan da oldukça faydası bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bakla bitkisinin besinsel içeriği, içerdiği anti-besinsel bileşenler ve tıbbi katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda; baklanın zengin içeriği sayesinde tedavilere olumlu etkilerde bulunmasına rağmen içerdiği anti-besinsel maddelerden dolayı insan ve hayvan sağlığına olumsuz etkilerde de bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede, baklanın tıbbi olarak önemi değerlendirilmiş

Keywords

• Baklagil
• Bakla
• Besinsel bileşenler
• Anti-besinsel bileşenler

References

1. Anonim, 2020. Sitomegalovirüs. Perinatal Tıp Vakfı. http://www.perinatal.org.tr/sitomegalovirus . (Erişim Tarihi:27.12.2020).
2. Azzi A, Davies KJ, Kelly F, 2004. Free Radical Biology–Terminology and Critical Thinking. FEBS Letters, 558 (1-3): 3-6.
3. Beutler MD, 1978. In Hemolytic Anemia in Disorders of Red Cell Metabolism (Winrobe, M.M., ed.). Plenum, USA.
4. Burdurlu HS, Karadeniz F, 2003. Gıdalarda Diyet Lifinin Önemi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi, 7 (15): 18-25.
5. Chaieb N, González JL, López-Mesas M, Bouslama M, Valiente M, 2011. Polyphenols Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Thirteen Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Tunisia. Food Research International, 44 (4): 970-977.
6. Coda R, Melama L, Rizzello CG, Curiel JA, Sibakov J, Holopainen U, Sozer N, 2015. Effect of Air Classification and Fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum VTT E-133328 on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Flour Nutritional Properties. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 193: 34-42.
7. Crépon K, Marget P, Peyronnet C, Carrouée B, Arese P, Duc G, 2010. Nutritional Value of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds for Feed and Food. Field Crops Research, 115 (3): 329-339.
8. Doğan G,Bircan R, 2009. Bitkisel Yem Hammaddelerinde Bulunan Antibesleyici Faktörler ve Balıklar Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Fisheries Science, 3 (4): 323-332.

9. Duc G, 1997. Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). Field Crops Research 53 (1): 99-109.
10. Ertaş N, Türker S, Bilgiçli N, 2008. Çeşitli Proseslerin Baklagilin Besinsel ve Antibesinsel Öğelerine Etkisi. Türkiye, 10: 21-23.
11. Ergün A, Tuncer ŞD, Çolpan İ, Yalçın S, Yıldız G, Küçükersan MK, Küçükersan S, Önol AG, Muğlalı ÖH Şehu A, 2002. Yemler, Yem Hijyeni ve Teknolojisi. A.Ü. Veteriner Fakültesi, Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, 465 s.
12. Fatima S, Kapoor R, 2006. In Vivo and In Vitro Glycemic Effects Of Certain Legumes. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 43 (3): 263-266.
13. FAO, 2018. Dünya Bakla Ekim Alanları, www.fao.org. (Erişim Tarihi:27.12.2020).
14. Febles CI, Arias A, Hardisson A, Rodrıguez-Alvarez C, Sierra A, 2002. Phytic Acid Level in Wheat Flours. Journal of Cereal Science, 36 (1): 19-23.
15. Frühbeck G, Monreal I, Santidrian S, 1997. Hormonal Implications of The Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Intake of Field Beans (Vicia faba L.) by Young Men with Hypercholesterolemia. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66 (6): 1452-1460.
16. Gajalakshmi S, Jeyanthi P, Vijayalakshmi S, Devi Rajeswari V, 2011. Phytochemical Constituent of Aconitumspecies-a Review. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2 (4): 121-127.
17. Geren H, Altan Ö, 2005. Ödemiş Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Bazı Bakla (Vicia faba var. major) Çeşitlerinin Hasıl Verimi ve Diğer Bazı Özellikleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Dergisi, 42 (1): 59-66 ISSN 1018-8851.
18. Griffiths DW, 1979. The Inhibition of Digestive Enzyme by Extract of Field Bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 32: 187-192.
19. Hussein MA, 2012. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Natural Heterocycle Glucoside Vicine Obtained from Vicia faba L. Its Aglucone (divicine) Their Effect on Some Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Albino Rats. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 2 (2): 44-54.
20. İdikut L, Çabar YE, Zulkadir G, Çölkesen M, Çiftçi S, Karabacak T, 2018. Investigation of Distances Between Row on Two Faba Bean in Kahramanmaraş Conditions.1. International Gap Agriculture and Livestock Congress, 25-27 April 2018, Şanlıurfa.
21. Jordinson M, El-Hariry I, Calnan D, Calam J, Pignatelli M, 1999. Vicia faba Agglutinin, The Lectin Present in Broad Beans, Stimulates Differentiation of Undifferentiated Colon Cancer Cells. Gut, 44 (5): 709- 714.
22. Karaköy T, Demirbaş A, Yörük V, Toklu F, Baloch FS, Durukan H, Öztürk M, Ton A, Anlarsal AE, Özkan H, 2015. Türkiye Orijinli Bakla (Vicia faba L.) Genotiplerinin Soğuğa Dayanıklılık Yönünden İncelenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, 11. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi 7-10 Eylül, Çanakkale, Cilt:1, 430-433.
23. Karaköy T, Demirbaş A, Toklu F, Karagöl ET, Uncuer D, Gürsoy N, Özkan H, 2017. Ülkemizin Farklı Bölgelerinden Toplanan Bakla (Vicia faba L.) Yerel Popülasyonlarının Agronomik ve Morfolojik Karekterizasyonu. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 20: 356-361.
24. Karataş Y, 2005. Parkinson Hastalığının Tedavisi. Türkiye Klinikleri Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 1 (44): 67-75.
25. Koc A, Kösecik M, Vural H, Erel O, Ataş A, Tatli MM, 2000. The Frequency and Etiology of Anemia among Children 6-16 Years of Age in The Southeast Region of Turkey. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 42 (2): 91-95.
26. Köpke U, Nemecek T, 2010. Ecological Services of Faba Bean. Field Crops Research, 115 (3): 217-233.
27. Kutos T, Golob T, Kac M, Plestenjak A, 2003. Dietary Fibre Content of Dry and Processed Beans. Food Chem, 80: 231–235
28. Laosombat V, Sattayasevana B, Chotsampancharoen T, Wongchanchailert M, 2006. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants Associated with Favism in Thai Children. International Journal Of Hematology, 83 (2): 139-143.
29. Learmonth EM, 1958. The Influence of Soya Flour on Bread Doughs. III.—The Distribution of The Papain‐İnhibiting Factor in Soya‐Beans. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 9(5): 269-273.
30. Liener IE, 1973. Toxic Factors in Protein Foods. NATO Adv Study Inst on the Chem Biol & Phys of Proteval, Reading, Eng, 1972. Proteins in Human Nutrition.
31. Lima AIG, Mota J, Monteiro SAVS, Ferreira RMSB, 2016. Legume Seeds and Colorectal Cancer Revisited: Protease İnhibitors Reduce MMP-9 Activity and Colon Cancer Cell Migration. Food Chemistry, 197: 30-38.
32. Luo Y,Xie W, 2012. Effect of Phytase Treatment on Iron Bioavailability in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Flour. Food Chemistry, 134 (3): 1251-1255.
33. Lüscher A, Suter M, Finn JA, 2016. Legumes and Grasses in Mixtures Complement Each Other Ideally for Sustainable Forage Production. The Journal of the International Legume Society, 12: 8-10.
34. Macarulla MT, Medina C, De Diego MA, Chavarri M, Zulet MÁ, Martínez JA, Portillo MP, 2001. Effects of the Whole Seed and a Protein Isolate of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) on The Cholesterol Metabolism of Hypercholesterolaemic Rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 85 (5): 607-614.
35. Martin C, Copani G, Niderkorn V, 2016. Impacts of Forage Legumes on Intake, Digestion and Methane Emissions in Ruminants. Legume Perspectives, 12: 24-25.
36. Millar KA, Gallagher E, Burke R, McCarthy S, Barry-Ryan C, 2019. Proximate Composition and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Fava-Bean (Vicia faba), Green-Pea and Yellow-Pea (Pisum sativum) Flour. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 82: 103233.
37. Obut M, Doğan Y, Bademkıran MH, Akgöl S, Kahveci B, Peker N, GülT, 2019. Diyarbakır İlindeki Gebe Kadınlarda Toksoplazma, Rubella ve Sitomegalovirus Seroprevalansı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 46 (2): 189-194.
38. Osorio‐Díaz P, Bello‐Pérez LA, Sáyago‐Ayerdi SG, Benítez‐Reyes MDP, Tovar J,Paredes, López O, 2003. Effect of Processing and Storage Time on In Vitro Digestibility and Resistant Starch Content of Two Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83 (12): 1283-1288.
39. Ouzounidou G, Ilias I, Giannakoula A, Theoharidou I, 2014. Effect of Water Stress and NaCl Triggered Changes on Yield, Physiology, Biochemistry of Broad Bean (Vicia faba) Plants and on Quality of Harvested Pods. Biologia, 69 (8): 1010-1017.
40. Pekşen E, Artık C, 2005. Antibesinsel Maddeler ve Yemeklik Tane Baklagillerin Besleyici Değerleri. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20 (2): 110-120.
41. Prabhu SD,Rajeswari DV, 2018. Nutritional and Biological Properties of Vicia faba L.: A Perspective Review. International Food Research Journal, 25 (4): 1332-1340.
42. Ramos S, 2007. Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on Apoptotic Pathways Related to Cancer Chemoprevention. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 18 (7): 427-442.
43. Randhir R, Shetty K, 2003. Light-Mediated Fava Bean (Vicia faba) Response to Phytochemical and Protein Elicitors and Consequences on Nutraceutical Enhancement and Seed Vigour. Process Biochemistry, 38 (6): 945-952.
44. Ratnam VD, Ankola DD, Bhardwaj DK, Sahana MNV, Ravi K, 2006. Role of Antioxidants in Prophylaxis and Therapy: A Pharmaceutical Perspective. Journal of Control Release 113: 189-207.
45. Ray H, Georges F, 2010. A Genomic Approach to Nutritional, Pharmacological and Genetic Issues of Faba Bean (Vicia faba): Prospects for Genetic Modifications. Gentically Modified Crops and Food, 1 (2): 99-106.
46. Reddy NR, Sathe SK, Salunkhe DK, 1982. Phytates in Legumes and Cereals. In Advances in Food Research Academic Press, 28: 1-92.
47. Reddy NR, Pierson MD, Sathe SK, Salunkhe DK, 1984. Chemical, Nutritional and Physiological Aspects of Dry Bean Carbohydrates—A Review. Food Chemistry, 13 (1): 25-68.
48. Richardson NL, Higgs DA, Beames RM, McBride JR, 1985. Influence of Dietary Calcium, Phosphorous, Zinc and Sodium Phytate Level on Cataract Incidence, Growth and Histopathology in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In: Francis G, Makkar, Harinder PS, Becker K, 2007. Antinutritional Factors Present in Plant-Derived Alternate Fish Feed Ingredients and Their Effects in Fis. Aquaculture 199: 197–227.
49. Roland WS, Pouvreau L, Curran J, Van de Velde F, de Kok PM, 2017. Flavor Aspects of Pulse Ingredients. Cereal Chemistry, 94 (1): 58-65.
50. Topal N, Bozoğlu H, 2016. Determination of L-dopa (l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) Content of Some Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22: 145-151.
51. TÜİK, 2019. Türkiye Bakla Ekim Alanları, www.tuik.gov.tr. (Erişim Tarihi:27.12.2020).
52. Warsey AS, Norton G, SteinM, 1974. Protease Inhibitors from Broad Bean, Isolation and Purification. Phytochemistry, 13: 2481-2486.
53. TÜRKOMP (Ulusal Gıda Kompozisyon Veri Tabanı), 2020. Baklanın Besinsel İçeriği, http://www.turkomp.gov.tr/food-bakla-216.(Erişim Tarihi:27.12.2020).
54. Wilson BJ, McNab JM, Bently H, 1972. Trypsin Inhibitor Activity in The Field Bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 23: 679-684.
55. Yan H, Li G, Gong W, Jiao H, Chen H, Ji M, 2010. Expression of Human Cytomegalovirus pp-150 Gene in Transgenic Vicia faba L. and Immunogenicity of pp-150 Protein in Mice. Biologicals, 38 (2): 265-272.
56. Yang R, Guo Q, Gu Z, 2013. GABA Shunt and Polyamine Degradation Pathway on γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation in Germinating Fava Bean (Vicia faba L.) under Hypoxia. Food Chemistry, 136 (1): 152-159.