Determination of Soil Enzyme Activities in Different Wheat Growing Stages under Different Tillage Systems

Abstract

Soil physical, chemical and biological properties under agricultural production are constantly changing due to both agricultural practices and climatic factors. For this reason, it is very important to examine soil properties according to plant species and the applications made on soils. In our study, soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities were investigated in some wheat growing periods under minimum and conventional tillage systems. For this purpose, soil samples were collected at sowing, stemming and grain filling periods of wheat at the depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm and analyzed for determining soil enzyme activities. Results showed that the highest urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were in stemming in both tillage systems and catalase activity was found to be statistically insignificant during the plant growth period. In addition, it was determined that urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were higher in minimum tillage systems, and urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities decreased with increasing soil depth.

Keywords

• Soil enzymes
• wheat
• minimum tillage
• conventional tillage

Farklı Toprak İşleme Sistemlerinde Yetiştirilen Buğday Bitkisinin Farklı Gelişim Dönemlerinde Toprakların Enzim Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Tarımsal üretim altında kalan toprakların fiziksel kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri gerek tarımsal uygulamalar gerekse iklim faktörleri sebebiyle sürekli değişime uğramaktadırlar. Bu nedenle yetiştirilen bitki türüne, topraklar üzerinde yapılan uygulamalara göre toprak özelliklerinin incelenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırmada minimum ve konvansiyonel toprak işlemeli tarım sistemleri altında yetiştirilen buğday (Triticum aestivum) bitkisinin, bazı gelişim dönemlerinde (ekim, sapa kalkma ve tane dolum) üreaz, alkali fosfataz ve katalaz aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla buğdayın, ekim, sapa kalkma ve tane dolum dönemlerinde farklı derinliklerden (0-10,10-20 ve 20-30 cm) toprak örnekleri alınmış ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; en yüksek üreaz ve alkali fosfataz aktivitelerinin her iki toprak işleme sisteminde de sapa kalkma döneminde olduğu; katalaz aktivitesinin ise bitki gelişim periyodu süresince istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca minimum toprak işleme sistemlerinde üreaz ve alkalin fosfataz aktivitelerinin daha yüksek olduğu ve toprak derinliği arttıkça üreaz, alkali fosfataz ve katalaz aktivitelerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. 

Keywords

• Toprak enzimleri
• buğday
• minimum toprak işleme
• konvansiyonel toprak işleme

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