Features of Andesites Used in Buildings Around İncesu (Seydişehir) Region

Year 2021, , 2079 - 2090, 01.09.2021

Bilgehan Yabgu Horasan , Alican Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.877230

Abstract

Natural stones have taken place in all areas of our lives from ancient times to the present. In the early days of humanity, they were used in daily life such as cutting, drilling, and agricultural tools, and their usage area increased in parallel with the development of humanity. Especially, natural stones, which hold an important place in the field of construction, appear as monumental structures that express power, authority, and longevity from defense structures to grand magnificent structures. As well as being durable, natural stones were also used for their decorative features such as color and texture properties. Dusty rose-colored natural stones (andesite) which are used locally as building materials in İncesu (Seydişehir) and its surroundings were examined in terms of geological, geochemical, petrographical, physico-mechanical, and weathering indices. Geologically, in the chemical analysis results of the samples taken from the natural stones (andesite) observed in the district of İncesu and its surroundings, all of the rocks are located "andesite" area in the total alkaline versus silica (TAS) diagram, "sub alkaline" area in the alkaline-sub alkaline separation diagram and "calc-alkaline" area in the AFM diagram. The physico-mechanical test results of andesites, which are resistant to weathering under atmospheric conditions for many years and known for their high strength, were also evaluated according to standards. It was found that the abrasion resistance and bending strength (flexural strength) remained within the limit values. According to the weathering indices, it was found to be slightly weathered.

Keywords

Weathering Index, Seydişehir, andesite, geology, commercial natural stone

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Nihal Yılmaz, the Mining engineer working in Seydişehir Municipality, for whom she received assistance and support during the research process.

İncesu (Seydişehir) Çevresinde Yapılarda Kullanılan Andezitlerin Özelikleri

Abstract

Doğal taşlar eski dönemlerden günümüze kadar artarak hayatımızın her alanında yer almıştır. İnsanlığın ilk zamanlarında kesme, delme, tarım aletleri ve takı gibi günlük hayatta kullanılmış, insanlık tarihinin gelişimine paralel olarak da her alanda kullanım alanı artmıştır. Özellikle yapı alanında önemli bir yer tutan doğal taşlar savunma yapılarından, büyük görkemli yapılar ile gücü, otoriteyi ve uzun ömürlüğü ifade eden anıtsal yapılar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Doğal taşlar yapılarda yalnızca dayanıklı olmasının yanı sıra renk ve doku özelikleri gibi dekoratif özeliklerinden dolayı da kullanılmıştır. İncesu (Seydişehir) ve çevresinde lokal olarak yapı malzemesi olarak kullanılan gül kurusu renkli doğal taşların (andesite), jeolojik, jeokimyasal, petrografik, fiziko mekanik ve ayrışma indisleri bakımından incelenmiştir. Jeolojik olarak İncesu mahallesi ve çevresinde gözlenen doğal taşlardan (andesite) alınan numuneler üzerinden yapılan kimyasal analiz sonuçlarındaki toplam alkaliye karşı silis (TAS) diyagramında andezit, alkali-subalkali ayırım diyagramında subalkali ve AFM diyagramında kayaçların tümü kalkalkali alanında yer almaktadır. Uzun yıllar atmosferik şartlar da bozunmaya ve yüksek dayanım özeliği ile bilinen andezitlerin fiziko mekanik test sonuçları TS 10835 standartları na göre de değerlendirilmiştir. Aşınmaya karşı direnç ve eğilme dayanımı limit değerler içinde kaldığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrışma indislerine göre ise, hafif ayrışmış olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Ayrışma İndeksleri, Seydişehir, andezit, jeoloji, ticari doğal taş

References

• Besang C, Eckhardt FJ, Harre W, Kreuzer H, und Moller P, 1977. Radiometricshe altersbestimmungen an Neogenen eruptivgesteinen der Turkei. Geol. Jb., B25,3-36.
• Blatt H, and Tracy RJ, 1996. Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic. 2nd edition. W.H. Freeman; 529 p, New York, USA.
• Çelik MY ve Kavas T, 2001. Geology of Elvanpaşa (Afyon) Trachyandesıte and Investıgatıon of Usage As A Building Stone. Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi C. XIV, 2: 24-36.
• Celik MY, 2019. Investigation of the Variation in Some Physical Parameters of Iscehisar Andesites During Freeze-Thaw Process. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 21(62): 669-683.
• Ceylan H, 2016. Freeze-thaw Cycles Isparta Andesite Stone Effect of the PhysicoMechanical Properties. SDU Journal of Technical Sciences, 6(2): 7-12.
• Cox KG, 1979. The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks. Allen and Unwin, 450 p. London.
• Davraz M, Gündüz L, 2006. Isparta Direkli Köyü Mevkii Trakiandezit Taşının Beton Agregası Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. IV. Ulusal Kırmataş Sempozyumu, 2-4 Aralık İstanbul.
• Eren Y, 1993. Stratigraphy of autochthonous and cover units of the Bozdağlar massif NW Konya. Geological Bulletin of Turkey, V. 36: 7-23.
• Fedo CM, Nesbitt HW, Young GM, 1995. Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleo-weathering conditions and provenance. Geology, 23: 921-924.
• Fiantis D, Nelson M, Shamshuddin J, Goh TB, Van Ranst E, 2010. Determination of the Geochemical Weathering Indices and Trace Elements Content of New Volcanic Ash Deposits from Mt. Talang (West Sumatra) Indonesia. Eurasian Soil Science; 43(13): 1477-1485.
• Göğer E, Kıral K, 1973. General stratigraphy around Kızılören (west of Konya) MTA Report. No: 5204, (Unpublished).
• Harnois L, 1988. The CIW index: a new Chemical Index of Weathering. Sedimentary Geology, 55: 319-322.
• Irvine TN, Baragar WRA, 1971. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8: 523-548.
• ISRM, 2007. The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing, and monitoring: 1974–2006. In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds) Suggested methods prepared by the commission on testing methods, ISRM, Compilation arranged by the ISRM Turkish National Group, Kozan ofset, Ankara
• Jung D, Keller J, 1972. Die jungen vulkanite im raumzwischen Konya und Kayseri (Zentral-Anatolien). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 123,503-512.
• Keller J, Jung D, Burgath K, and Wolff F, 1977. Geologie und petrologie des Neogenen kalkalkali vulkanismus von Konya (Erenlerdağı-Alacadağ Massiv, Zentral Anatolien). Geologisches Jahrbuch Reihe B, Heft 25, 37-117.
• Kontou S, 2012. Evaluating provenance techniques in the hydrocarbon industry: Compositional quantification of modern sands from known tectonic settings as an analog for the correlation of hydrocarbon-bearing rocks in ancient geological settings, Master’s Thesis, University of Stavanger, 56p.
• Koralay T, Çobanoğlu İ, Demir M, 2014. Usability of Gabbro Dikes within The Ophiolitic Rocks as Ballast Aggregate: İnceler (Bozkurt-Denizli) Case Study. KSU Journal of Engineering Sciences. 17(2).
• Liu Z, Zhao Y, Colin C, Siringan FP, Wu Q, 2009. Chemical weathering in Luzon, the Philippines from clay mineralogy and major-element geochemistry of river sediments. Applied Geochemistry, 24: 2195-2205.
• Nesbitt HW, Young GM, 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature, 299: 715-717.
• Nesbitt HW, Young GM, 1996. Petrogenesis of sediments in the absence of chemical weathering: effects of abrasion and sorting on bulk composition and mineralogy. Sedimentology, 43, 341-358.
• Ota R, Dinçel A, 1975. Volcanic rocks of Turkey. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan, 26: 19-45.
• Özkan AM, 2017. Stratigraphy of the Terrestrial Neogene Sediments (Late Miocene - Early Pliocene) in the Vicinity of Küçükmuhsine-Sulutaş (West of Konya, Turkey). El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(3): 382-410.
• Parker A, 1970. An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geological Magazine, 107: 501-504.
• Price JR, Velbel MA, 2003.Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chemical Geology. 202: 397–416.
• Sengun N, Altındag R, Koccaz EC, 2009. The Sawability Analysis of Some Magmatic Rock in Isparta Region. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 11; 22-31.
• Shao J, Yang S, Li C, 2012. Chemical indices (CIA and WIP) as proxies for integrated chemical weathering in China: Inferences from analysis of fluvial sediments. Sedimentary Geology, 265-266: 110-120.
• Streckeisen A, 1979. Classification and Nomenclature of Volcanic Rocks, Lamprophyres, Carbonatites, and Melilitic Rocks: Recommendation and Suggestion of the IUGS, Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rock. Geology, 4, 331-335.
• Taşlıgil N, Şahin G, 2016. Focus of Economıc Geography Analysıs of Buıldıng Materıals Used As Natural Stone. Marmara Geographical Journal. ISSN:1303-2429 E-ISSN 2147-7825 Sayı: 33, S.607-640.
• TS 10835, 1993. Andezit Yapı ve Kaplama Taşları Standardı. TSE, Ankara.
• TS 1367-1, 2009.Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of resistance to freezing and thawing, Ankara.
• TS 699 1987. Tabii Yapı Taşları Muayene ve Deney Metotlar. TSE, Ankara.
• TS EN 1367-2, 2010. Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates- Part 2: Magnesium sulfate test, Ankara.
• TS EN 13755-2009, 2009.Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure, Ankara.
• Tuncay EB, Dedeoğlu D, Yağmurlu F, 2016. Investigation of Availability of the Andesitic Rocks in the North of Altıntaş Village (Uşak) as a Covering and Laying Stone. The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. 7(1): 75-83.
• Ündül Ö, Aysal N, 2016. The Effects of Micro-Textural Properties on the Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Rocks with Andesite and Rhyodasite Compositions Exposed in Gökçeada. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi 40 (2): 123-148.