Phylogeographic Structure of Kars Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl) in Turkey Explained by SSR Markers

Abstract

Turkey has a role in the distribution of many plants across continents and it is the main center of wheat. Due to its climatic characteristics and geostrategic importance, Turkey also has important genetic resources for the cultivation and development for many local wheat varieties. Therefore, it is important to determine local wheat genotypes that can adapt to different ecological conditions in Turkey and define ones having high performance in terms of efficiency and quality characteristics to make them useful. Emmer wheat which is grown in and around Kars City in northeastern Anatolia region is seen as valuable. In the present study, the phylogeographic structure analyses of 10 emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank) wheat populations and 2 populations of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum) obtained from Kars region were made by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). Within the scope of the study, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), phylogenetic analysis, and genetic-geographic distance analysis were performed. 3 main groups of differentiation at the populations were supported by PCoA and phylogenetic analyses. The comparison between geographic and genetic distance matrices for all genotypes revealed a statistically negative correlation (R2=0.04). Emmer wheat is an important local genetic resource and the cultivation area in agriculture should be expanded and used in breeding studies. In addition, it has been determined that SSR markers can give more comprehensive results with higher numbers in wheat genotyping studies.

Keywords

• Emmer wheat
• Phylogeography
• Triticum dicoccum
• SSR
• Kars

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