Research Article
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The Relationship between Tertiary Level EFL Learners’ Attitudes towards English and Technology and Their Autonomy Levels

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 227 - 248, 27.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1073392

Abstract

Technology is a vital part of language learning, and thus, students’ attitudes towards it influence its effective use. Also, language learner autonomy is related to the use of technology. Thus, this study was conducted in a TELP (tertiary level intensive English program) to investigate students’ attitudes towards English and technology, their autonomy levels, and the relationship between two constructs. Having a quantitative approach, two scales were used to gather data, English and Technology Attitudes Scale (ETAS) by Kearney et al. (2020) and Autonomy Perception Scale by Demirtaş (2010). The data from the scales was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistical Package 22.0. The findings revealed that students mostly had very positive attitudes towards English and technology, and male students achieved significantly higher results in confidence in English and technology than female students. In addition, the students were not found to be effectively autonomous. Furthermore, there was a significant and positive relationship between autonomy and attitudes towards English and technology. It can be concluded that autonomy improves using technology to learn English, and students who use technology to learn English become more autonomous. Teachers are responsible for guiding their students in this process.

References

  • Ahmadi, M. R. (2018). The use of technogy in English language learning: A literature review. International Journal of Research in English Education (IJREE), 3(2), 115–125.
  • Alshammari, R., Parkes, M., & Adlington, R. (2018). Factors influencing Saudi Arabian preparatory year students’ skills and attitudes in the use of mobile devices in learning English as a foreign language. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 7(1), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrset.2018.3002
  • Asrifan, A., Zita, C. T., Vargheese, K., & Amir, M. (2020). The effects of CALL (computer assisted language learning) toward the students’ English achievement and attitude. Journal of Advanced English Studies, 3(2), 94–106.
  • Aşıksoy, G. (2018). ELT students’ attitudes and awareness towards the use of Web 2.0 technologies for language learning. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(2), 240–251.
  • Ates, A., Altunay, U., & Altun, E. (2006). The effects of computer assisted English instruction on high school preparatory students’ attitudes towards computers and English. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 2(2), 97–112.
  • Ayres, R. (2002). Learner attitudes towards the use of CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1076/call.15.3.241.8189
  • Barrett, K. C., Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., & Gloeckner, G. W. (2011). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. (4th ed). New Jersey, USA: Lawrance Erlbaum.
  • Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (4th ed). California, USA: Sage Publications.
  • Çakıcı, D. (2016). The use of ICT in teaching English as a foreign language. Participatory Educational Research, 4, 73-77. Dashtestani, R. (2016). Moving bravely towards mobile learning: Iranian students’ use of mobile devices for learning English as a foreign language. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(4), 815–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2015.1069360
  • Demirtaş, İ. (2010). Üniversite İngilizce hazırlık eğitiminde özerk öğrenme becerileri. (Unpublished MA thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi: Ankara.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dudeney, G., & Hockly, N. (2012). ICT in ELT: How did we get here and where are we going? ELT Journal, 66(4), 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs050
  • Figura, K., & Jarvis, H. (2007). Computer-based materials: A study of learner autonomy and strategies. System, 35(4), 448-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2007.07.001
  • Güven, Z. (2016). The relationship between university students’ attitudes towards ICT and media tools in learning English and their emotional intelligence. Journal of Selçuk Communication, 9(3), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.18094/si.04069
  • Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching (3rd ed). Harlow, UK: Longman.
  • Kadwa, M. S. (2012). Attitudes of Saudi Arabian learners to online communication in EFL (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of South Africa: South Africa.
  • Kearney, S., Gallagher, S., & Tangney, B. (2020). ETAS: an instrument for measuring attitudes towards learning English with technology. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 29(4), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1764381
  • Kılıç Gönen, A. (2020). Turkish tertiary level voluntary intensive English program students’ perceptions of autonomy and autonomous activities in EFL classes. ELT Research Journal, 9(1), 90-107.
  • Kitchakarn, O. (2015). EFL learners’ attitudes towards using computers as a learning tool in language learning. TOJET: Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(2), 52–58.
  • Lai, C. (2019). Technology and Learner Autonomy: An Argument in Favor of the Nexus of Formal and Informal Language Learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 39, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190519000035
  • Lenkaitis, C. A. (2020) Technology as a mediating tool: Videoconferencing, L2 learning, and learner autonomy. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(5-6), 483-509. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1572018
  • Ludwig, C. & Tassinari, M. G. (2021). Foreign language learner autonomy in online learning environments: The teachers’ perspectives. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2021.2012476
  • Mısır, H., Koban Koç, D., & Koç, S.E. (2018). An analysis of learner autonomy and autonomous learning practices in massive open online language courses. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL (4), 24-39. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call4.3
  • Mutlu, A., & Eröz-Tuǧa, B. (2013). The role of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in promoting learner autonomy. Eğitim Araştırmaları-Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 51, 107–122.
  • Pasaribu, T. A. (2020). Challenging EFL students to read: Digital reader response tasks to foster learner autonomy. Teaching English with Technology, 20(2), 21-41.
  • Rahimi, M., & Hosseini K., S. F. (2011). The impact of computer-based activities on Iranian high-school students’ attitudes towards computer-assisted language learning. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.031
  • Reinders, H. (2018). Technology and autonomy. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10, 9781118784235.
  • Rinekso, A. B., & Kurniawan, E. (2020). Fostering language learner autonomy through the involvement of ICT: Teachers’ perception. ELTR Journal, 4(2), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.37147/eltr.2020.040201
  • Sabti, A. A., & Chaichan, R. S. (2014). Saudi high school students’ attitudes and barriers toward the use of computer technologies in learning English. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-460
  • Serin, H., & Bozdag, F. (2020). Relationship between teachers’ attitudes towards technology use in education and autonomy behaviors. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 19(3), 60–69.
  • Shahid, S. H. (2017). Saudi EFL learners’ attitude towards integration of video-podcasts in listening comprehension. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching,2(2), 130–157. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.891447
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. (6th Ed.). Pearson Education Inc: Boston.
  • Thao, T. Q., Tham, D. M., Thi, & Ngan, H. T. T. (2019). Attitudes toward the use of TELL tools in English language learning among Vietnamese tertiary English majors. VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities), 5(5), 581–596. https://doi.org/10.33100/jossh5.5.tranquocthao.etal
  • Teng, F. (2018). A learner-based approach of applying online reading to improve learner autonomy and lexical knowledge. Revista Espanola de Linguistica Aplicada, 31(1), 94–123. https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.15071.ten
  • Tılfarlıoǧlu, F. Y. (2011). An international dimension of the student’s attitudes towards the use of English in Web 2.0 technology. TOJET: Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(3), 63–68.
  • Wiraningsih, P., & Santosa, M. H. (2020). EFL teachers' challenges in promoting learner autonomy in the 21st-century learning. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(2), 290-314. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v10i2.1881
  • Yang, S. C. & Chen, Y. 2007. Technology-enhanced language learning: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 860 – 897.
  • Yang, S. H. (2012). Exploring college students' attitudes and self-efficacy of mobile learning. TOJET: Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(4), 148-154.
  • Yurdagül, C., & Öz, S. (2018). Attitude towards mobile learning in English language education. Education Sciences, 8(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030142
  • Zhong, Q. M. (2018). The evolution of learner autonomy in online environments: A case study in a New Zealand context. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 9(1), 71-85.
Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 227 - 248, 27.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1073392

Abstract

References

  • Ahmadi, M. R. (2018). The use of technogy in English language learning: A literature review. International Journal of Research in English Education (IJREE), 3(2), 115–125.
  • Alshammari, R., Parkes, M., & Adlington, R. (2018). Factors influencing Saudi Arabian preparatory year students’ skills and attitudes in the use of mobile devices in learning English as a foreign language. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 7(1), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrset.2018.3002
  • Asrifan, A., Zita, C. T., Vargheese, K., & Amir, M. (2020). The effects of CALL (computer assisted language learning) toward the students’ English achievement and attitude. Journal of Advanced English Studies, 3(2), 94–106.
  • Aşıksoy, G. (2018). ELT students’ attitudes and awareness towards the use of Web 2.0 technologies for language learning. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(2), 240–251.
  • Ates, A., Altunay, U., & Altun, E. (2006). The effects of computer assisted English instruction on high school preparatory students’ attitudes towards computers and English. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 2(2), 97–112.
  • Ayres, R. (2002). Learner attitudes towards the use of CALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1076/call.15.3.241.8189
  • Barrett, K. C., Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., & Gloeckner, G. W. (2011). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. (4th ed). New Jersey, USA: Lawrance Erlbaum.
  • Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (4th ed). California, USA: Sage Publications.
  • Çakıcı, D. (2016). The use of ICT in teaching English as a foreign language. Participatory Educational Research, 4, 73-77. Dashtestani, R. (2016). Moving bravely towards mobile learning: Iranian students’ use of mobile devices for learning English as a foreign language. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(4), 815–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2015.1069360
  • Demirtaş, İ. (2010). Üniversite İngilizce hazırlık eğitiminde özerk öğrenme becerileri. (Unpublished MA thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi: Ankara.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dudeney, G., & Hockly, N. (2012). ICT in ELT: How did we get here and where are we going? ELT Journal, 66(4), 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs050
  • Figura, K., & Jarvis, H. (2007). Computer-based materials: A study of learner autonomy and strategies. System, 35(4), 448-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2007.07.001
  • Güven, Z. (2016). The relationship between university students’ attitudes towards ICT and media tools in learning English and their emotional intelligence. Journal of Selçuk Communication, 9(3), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.18094/si.04069
  • Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching (3rd ed). Harlow, UK: Longman.
  • Kadwa, M. S. (2012). Attitudes of Saudi Arabian learners to online communication in EFL (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of South Africa: South Africa.
  • Kearney, S., Gallagher, S., & Tangney, B. (2020). ETAS: an instrument for measuring attitudes towards learning English with technology. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 29(4), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2020.1764381
  • Kılıç Gönen, A. (2020). Turkish tertiary level voluntary intensive English program students’ perceptions of autonomy and autonomous activities in EFL classes. ELT Research Journal, 9(1), 90-107.
  • Kitchakarn, O. (2015). EFL learners’ attitudes towards using computers as a learning tool in language learning. TOJET: Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(2), 52–58.
  • Lai, C. (2019). Technology and Learner Autonomy: An Argument in Favor of the Nexus of Formal and Informal Language Learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 39, 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190519000035
  • Lenkaitis, C. A. (2020) Technology as a mediating tool: Videoconferencing, L2 learning, and learner autonomy. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(5-6), 483-509. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1572018
  • Ludwig, C. & Tassinari, M. G. (2021). Foreign language learner autonomy in online learning environments: The teachers’ perspectives. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2021.2012476
  • Mısır, H., Koban Koç, D., & Koç, S.E. (2018). An analysis of learner autonomy and autonomous learning practices in massive open online language courses. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL (4), 24-39. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call4.3
  • Mutlu, A., & Eröz-Tuǧa, B. (2013). The role of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in promoting learner autonomy. Eğitim Araştırmaları-Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 51, 107–122.
  • Pasaribu, T. A. (2020). Challenging EFL students to read: Digital reader response tasks to foster learner autonomy. Teaching English with Technology, 20(2), 21-41.
  • Rahimi, M., & Hosseini K., S. F. (2011). The impact of computer-based activities on Iranian high-school students’ attitudes towards computer-assisted language learning. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.031
  • Reinders, H. (2018). Technology and autonomy. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10, 9781118784235.
  • Rinekso, A. B., & Kurniawan, E. (2020). Fostering language learner autonomy through the involvement of ICT: Teachers’ perception. ELTR Journal, 4(2), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.37147/eltr.2020.040201
  • Sabti, A. A., & Chaichan, R. S. (2014). Saudi high school students’ attitudes and barriers toward the use of computer technologies in learning English. SpringerPlus, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-460
  • Serin, H., & Bozdag, F. (2020). Relationship between teachers’ attitudes towards technology use in education and autonomy behaviors. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 19(3), 60–69.
  • Shahid, S. H. (2017). Saudi EFL learners’ attitude towards integration of video-podcasts in listening comprehension. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching,2(2), 130–157. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.891447
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. (6th Ed.). Pearson Education Inc: Boston.
  • Thao, T. Q., Tham, D. M., Thi, & Ngan, H. T. T. (2019). Attitudes toward the use of TELL tools in English language learning among Vietnamese tertiary English majors. VNU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities), 5(5), 581–596. https://doi.org/10.33100/jossh5.5.tranquocthao.etal
  • Teng, F. (2018). A learner-based approach of applying online reading to improve learner autonomy and lexical knowledge. Revista Espanola de Linguistica Aplicada, 31(1), 94–123. https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.15071.ten
  • Tılfarlıoǧlu, F. Y. (2011). An international dimension of the student’s attitudes towards the use of English in Web 2.0 technology. TOJET: Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(3), 63–68.
  • Wiraningsih, P., & Santosa, M. H. (2020). EFL teachers' challenges in promoting learner autonomy in the 21st-century learning. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(2), 290-314. https://doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v10i2.1881
  • Yang, S. C. & Chen, Y. 2007. Technology-enhanced language learning: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 860 – 897.
  • Yang, S. H. (2012). Exploring college students' attitudes and self-efficacy of mobile learning. TOJET: Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(4), 148-154.
  • Yurdagül, C., & Öz, S. (2018). Attitude towards mobile learning in English language education. Education Sciences, 8(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030142
  • Zhong, Q. M. (2018). The evolution of learner autonomy in online environments: A case study in a New Zealand context. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 9(1), 71-85.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayça Kılıç 0000-0002-7746-6269

Levent Uzun 0000-0002-2321-391X

Publication Date October 27, 2022
Submission Date February 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kılıç, A., & Uzun, L. (2022). The Relationship between Tertiary Level EFL Learners’ Attitudes towards English and Technology and Their Autonomy Levels. Journal of Language Education and Research, 8(2), 227-248. https://doi.org/10.31464/jlere.1073392

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