Akbari, R. (2007). Reflections on reflection: A critical appraisal of reflective practices in L2 teacher education. System, 35, 192-207.
Akbari, R. (2008). Transforming lives: Introducing critical pedagogy into ELT classrooms. ELT Journal, 62 (3), 276-283.
Akbari, R., Behzadpoor, F., and Dadvand, B. (2010) “Development of English language teaching reflection inventory”. System 38, 1, 211–227.
Andrews, S. (2001). The language awareness of the l2 teacher: Its impact upon pedagogical practice. Language awareness, 10 (2/3), 75-90.
Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bachman, L. F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bartlett, L. (1990). Teacher development through reflective teaching. In J. C. Richards & D. Nunan (Eds.), Second language teacher education (pp. 202-214). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Briguglio, C, and Kirkpatrick, A. (1996). Language teaching proficiency assessment: Models and options, Perth: NLLIA Center for Literacy, Culture and Language Pedagogy, Curtin University of Technology.
Brookfield. S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brookfield, S. D. (2000). Transformative learning as ideology critique. In J. Mezirow and Associates (Ed), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 125–148). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brubacher, J. W., Case, C. W., & Reagan, T. G. (1994). Becoming a reflective educator. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Calderhead, J. (1987). Exploring Teachers’ Thinking. London: Cassel Education.
Calderhead, J. and S. B. Shorrock (1997). Understanding Teacher Education: case studies in the professional development of Beginning Teachers. London, Washington D. C. Falmer Press.
Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy. In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt, Language and communication. New York: Longman, 2-27.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1981). A Theoretical Framework for Communicative Competence. In Palmer, A., Groot, P., & Trosper, G. (Eds.), The construct validation of test of communicative competence, 31-36.
Chastain, K. (1989). The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines: A selected sample of opinions ADFL Bulletin, 20, 2, 47-51.
Cowan, J. (1998). On becoming an innovative university teacher: Reflection in action. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Day, C. (1993) Reflection: a necessary but not sufficient condition for professional development, British Educational Research Journal, 19(1), 83-93.
Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Lexington, MA: Heath.
Dieker, L.A., & Monda-Amaya, L.E. (1995). Reflective teaching: A process for analyzing journals of pre-service educators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 46 (4), 250-265.
Dinkelman, T. D. (2000). An inquiry into the development of critical reflection in secondary student teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(2), 195-222.
Farrell, T. (2004). Reflective Practice in Action: 80 Reflection Breaks for Busy Teachers. California: Corwin Press.
Gay, G., & Kirkland, K. (2003). Developing cultural critical consciousness and self-reflection in pre-service teacher education. Theory into Practice, 42(3), 1-8.
Griffiths, M, & Tann, S. (1992). Using reflective practice to link personal and public theories. Journal of Education for Teaching, 18(1). 69-84.
Hillier, Y. (2005). Reflective Teaching in Further and Adult Education. Continuum, London.
Hogston, R. and Simpson, P.M. (1999). Foundations of Nursing Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hymes, D. H. (1972). On Communicative Competence, In: J.B. Pride and J. Holmes (eds) Sociolinguistics. Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 269-293.
Ingram, I.L. and Walters, T. S. (2007). A Critical reflection model to teach diversity and social justice, Journal of Praxis in Multicultural Education, 2 (1).23-41.
Jay, J. and Johnson, K. (2002) Capturing complexity: a typology of reflective practice for teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18, 73-85.
Kocoglu, Z., Akyel, A. and Ercetin, G. (2008). Pen/paper and electronic portfolios: an effective tool for developing reflective thinking of Turkish EFL student teachers? Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 13(1), 1-24.
Lado, R. (1961). Linguistics and foreign language teaching. London: Wiley Publications.
Mezirow, J. (1990). Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Minott, M. A. (2008). Valli’s typology of reflection and the analysis of pre-service teachers’ reflective journals. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 33(5), 4.
Mueller, A., & Skamp, K. (2003). Teacher candidates talk: Listen to the unsteady beat of learning to teach. Journal of Teacher Education, 54(5), 428-440.
Murphy, M. J. (2001). Reflective Teaching in ELT. In Marianne Celce-Murcia (ed.),Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language (pp. 499-514). Boston: Heinle & Heinle
Nel, N., & Müller, H. (2010). The impact of teachers’ limited English proficiency on English second language learners in South African schools. South African Journal of Education, 30(4).
Oller, J. W . (1976). The Measurement of Bilingualism, The Modern Language Journal, 60 (7), 399-400.
Oller, J. W . (1983). Story Writing Principles and ESL Teaching. TESOL Quarterly, (17),1, 39-53.
Pacheco, P. A. (2005). Reflective teaching and its impact on foreign language teaching. Revista Electrónica Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 5,1-19.
Pollard, A. et al. (2006). Reflective Teaching. London: Continuum.
Richards, J. C., & Farrell, T. (2005). Professional Development for Language Teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J.C., Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Robertson, E., & Yiamouyiannis, Z. (1996). University teaching: A guide for graduate students. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
Savignon, S. J. 1983. Communicative competence: theory and classroom practice; texts and contexts in second language learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Schaak-Distad, L. & Brownstein, J. C. (2004).Talking teaching: Implementing reflective practice in groups. US: Scarecrow Education.
Schon, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. United States: Basic Books, Inc.
Schon, D. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Stanley, C. (1998). A framework for teacher reflectivity. TESOL Quarterly 32, 584-591.
Tice, J. (2002). Reflective teaching: Exploring our own classroom practice. BBC/ British Council Teaching English. Retrieved on May 15, 2007 from http://teachingenglish.org.uk/ think/ methodology/ reflection/ html
Van Manen, M. (1991). The Tact of Teaching: The Meaning of Pedagogical Thoughtfulness. Albany, NY: SUNY Press; London, Ont.: Althouse Press.
Van Manen, M. (1997). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. London, Ont: The Althouse Press.
Wellington, B. (1991). The Promise of Reflective Practice, Educational Leadership, 48 (6), 4-5.
Whipp, J. L. (2003). Scaffolding Critical Reflection in Online Discussions. Journal of Teacher Education, 54 (4) September-October: 321-333.
Yates, R., Muchisky, D, (2003). On reconceptualizing teacher education. TESOL quarterly. 37, 135-147.
Zeichner, K. M. (1982). Reflective Teaching and Field-based Experience in Teacher Education, Interchange, 12, 1-22.
Zeichner, K. M. & Liston, D. P. (1996). Reflective teaching: An introduction. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level
Year 2018,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 24 - 36, 15.09.2018
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The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level
The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ reflective behavior as well as their gender and their proficiency level. It also aimed to probe sub-scales of teachers' reflectivity as the best predictors of teachers' proficiency to determine whether different aspects of teacher reflectivity, namely, practical, cognitive, metacognitive, affective, and critical reflection had a noticeable impact on the proficiency level of Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, an IELTS test comprising four skills as well as The Language Teachers' Reflective Inventory (LTRI) were administered to 60 English teachers in three institutes in Shiraz, Iran. The results of the study indicated that there was low positive relationship between reflectivity and teachers EFL proficiency. Besides, among all sub-scales of teachers' reflectivity, just cognitive and practical had a significant contribution in predicting the scores on proficiency at p<.05. In addition, there was no significant difference in scores for females and males with respect to their reflectivity.
Information about Author(s)*
Author 1
Author
(Last name, First name)
Mirza Suzani, Samad
Affiliated
institution (University)
Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
Akbari, R. (2007). Reflections on reflection: A critical appraisal of reflective practices in L2 teacher education. System, 35, 192-207.
Akbari, R. (2008). Transforming lives: Introducing critical pedagogy into ELT classrooms. ELT Journal, 62 (3), 276-283.
Akbari, R., Behzadpoor, F., and Dadvand, B. (2010) “Development of English language teaching reflection inventory”. System 38, 1, 211–227.
Andrews, S. (2001). The language awareness of the l2 teacher: Its impact upon pedagogical practice. Language awareness, 10 (2/3), 75-90.
Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental considerations in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bachman, L. F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bartlett, L. (1990). Teacher development through reflective teaching. In J. C. Richards & D. Nunan (Eds.), Second language teacher education (pp. 202-214). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Briguglio, C, and Kirkpatrick, A. (1996). Language teaching proficiency assessment: Models and options, Perth: NLLIA Center for Literacy, Culture and Language Pedagogy, Curtin University of Technology.
Brookfield. S. (1995). Becoming a critically reflective teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brookfield, S. D. (2000). Transformative learning as ideology critique. In J. Mezirow and Associates (Ed), Learning as transformation: Critical perspectives on a theory in progress (pp. 125–148). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brubacher, J. W., Case, C. W., & Reagan, T. G. (1994). Becoming a reflective educator. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Calderhead, J. (1987). Exploring Teachers’ Thinking. London: Cassel Education.
Calderhead, J. and S. B. Shorrock (1997). Understanding Teacher Education: case studies in the professional development of Beginning Teachers. London, Washington D. C. Falmer Press.
Canale, M. (1983). From communicative competence to communicative language pedagogy. In J. C. Richards & R. W. Schmidt, Language and communication. New York: Longman, 2-27.
Canale, M., & Swain, M. (1981). A Theoretical Framework for Communicative Competence. In Palmer, A., Groot, P., & Trosper, G. (Eds.), The construct validation of test of communicative competence, 31-36.
Chastain, K. (1989). The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines: A selected sample of opinions ADFL Bulletin, 20, 2, 47-51.
Cowan, J. (1998). On becoming an innovative university teacher: Reflection in action. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Day, C. (1993) Reflection: a necessary but not sufficient condition for professional development, British Educational Research Journal, 19(1), 83-93.
Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Lexington, MA: Heath.
Dieker, L.A., & Monda-Amaya, L.E. (1995). Reflective teaching: A process for analyzing journals of pre-service educators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 46 (4), 250-265.
Dinkelman, T. D. (2000). An inquiry into the development of critical reflection in secondary student teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(2), 195-222.
Farrell, T. (2004). Reflective Practice in Action: 80 Reflection Breaks for Busy Teachers. California: Corwin Press.
Gay, G., & Kirkland, K. (2003). Developing cultural critical consciousness and self-reflection in pre-service teacher education. Theory into Practice, 42(3), 1-8.
Griffiths, M, & Tann, S. (1992). Using reflective practice to link personal and public theories. Journal of Education for Teaching, 18(1). 69-84.
Hillier, Y. (2005). Reflective Teaching in Further and Adult Education. Continuum, London.
Hogston, R. and Simpson, P.M. (1999). Foundations of Nursing Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hymes, D. H. (1972). On Communicative Competence, In: J.B. Pride and J. Holmes (eds) Sociolinguistics. Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 269-293.
Ingram, I.L. and Walters, T. S. (2007). A Critical reflection model to teach diversity and social justice, Journal of Praxis in Multicultural Education, 2 (1).23-41.
Jay, J. and Johnson, K. (2002) Capturing complexity: a typology of reflective practice for teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18, 73-85.
Kocoglu, Z., Akyel, A. and Ercetin, G. (2008). Pen/paper and electronic portfolios: an effective tool for developing reflective thinking of Turkish EFL student teachers? Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 13(1), 1-24.
Lado, R. (1961). Linguistics and foreign language teaching. London: Wiley Publications.
Mezirow, J. (1990). Fostering critical reflection in adulthood: A guide to transformative and emancipatory learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Minott, M. A. (2008). Valli’s typology of reflection and the analysis of pre-service teachers’ reflective journals. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 33(5), 4.
Mueller, A., & Skamp, K. (2003). Teacher candidates talk: Listen to the unsteady beat of learning to teach. Journal of Teacher Education, 54(5), 428-440.
Murphy, M. J. (2001). Reflective Teaching in ELT. In Marianne Celce-Murcia (ed.),Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language (pp. 499-514). Boston: Heinle & Heinle
Nel, N., & Müller, H. (2010). The impact of teachers’ limited English proficiency on English second language learners in South African schools. South African Journal of Education, 30(4).
Oller, J. W . (1976). The Measurement of Bilingualism, The Modern Language Journal, 60 (7), 399-400.
Oller, J. W . (1983). Story Writing Principles and ESL Teaching. TESOL Quarterly, (17),1, 39-53.
Pacheco, P. A. (2005). Reflective teaching and its impact on foreign language teaching. Revista Electrónica Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 5,1-19.
Pollard, A. et al. (2006). Reflective Teaching. London: Continuum.
Richards, J. C., & Farrell, T. (2005). Professional Development for Language Teachers. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J.C., Lockhart, C. (1994). Reflective teaching in second language classrooms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Robertson, E., & Yiamouyiannis, Z. (1996). University teaching: A guide for graduate students. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
Savignon, S. J. 1983. Communicative competence: theory and classroom practice; texts and contexts in second language learning. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Schaak-Distad, L. & Brownstein, J. C. (2004).Talking teaching: Implementing reflective practice in groups. US: Scarecrow Education.
Schon, D. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. United States: Basic Books, Inc.
Schon, D. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Stanley, C. (1998). A framework for teacher reflectivity. TESOL Quarterly 32, 584-591.
Tice, J. (2002). Reflective teaching: Exploring our own classroom practice. BBC/ British Council Teaching English. Retrieved on May 15, 2007 from http://teachingenglish.org.uk/ think/ methodology/ reflection/ html
Van Manen, M. (1991). The Tact of Teaching: The Meaning of Pedagogical Thoughtfulness. Albany, NY: SUNY Press; London, Ont.: Althouse Press.
Van Manen, M. (1997). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy. London, Ont: The Althouse Press.
Wellington, B. (1991). The Promise of Reflective Practice, Educational Leadership, 48 (6), 4-5.
Whipp, J. L. (2003). Scaffolding Critical Reflection in Online Discussions. Journal of Teacher Education, 54 (4) September-October: 321-333.
Yates, R., Muchisky, D, (2003). On reconceptualizing teacher education. TESOL quarterly. 37, 135-147.
Zeichner, K. M. (1982). Reflective Teaching and Field-based Experience in Teacher Education, Interchange, 12, 1-22.
Zeichner, K. M. & Liston, D. P. (1996). Reflective teaching: An introduction. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mirza Suzani, S. (2018). The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(3), 24-36.
AMA
Mirza Suzani S. The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. September 2018;14(3):24-36.
Chicago
Mirza Suzani, Samad. “The Relationship Between Iranian EFL teachers’ Reflective Behavior and Their Proficiency Level”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 14, no. 3 (September 2018): 24-36.
EndNote
Mirza Suzani S (September 1, 2018) The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 14 3 24–36.
IEEE
S. Mirza Suzani, “The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level”, Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 24–36, 2018.
ISNAD
Mirza Suzani, Samad. “The Relationship Between Iranian EFL teachers’ Reflective Behavior and Their Proficiency Level”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 14/3 (September 2018), 24-36.
JAMA
Mirza Suzani S. The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2018;14:24–36.
MLA
Mirza Suzani, Samad. “The Relationship Between Iranian EFL teachers’ Reflective Behavior and Their Proficiency Level”. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, 2018, pp. 24-36.
Vancouver
Mirza Suzani S. The relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective behavior and their proficiency level. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies. 2018;14(3):24-36.