The relationship of burnout with workaholism mediated by work-family life conflict: A study on female academicians

Year 2019, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 1300 - 1316, 31.12.2019

Eda Ercan Demirel Meral Erdirençelebi

https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.668436

Abstract

Along with the teaching, institutional, and administrative responsibilities, female academicians carry out some other roles such as motherhood, being a wife, having responsibilities related to household issues, as well. Researchers of the study- from the very inside of the academy as females with many different roles- had the urge to examine the case of female academicians. The study investigated the case of female academicians -the relationship of burnout with workaholism mediated by work-family life conflict. On quantitative research design, a questionnaire was conducted on 207 female academicians of a state university. Frequency distribution, explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and SEM were carried out. It was found out that 23% of work-family life conflict was related to workaholism; 32% of burnout was related to workaholism; 19% of burnout was related to work-family life conflict. Along with the purpose of the study, 11% of the female academicians’ burnout was found to be resulting from the effect of workaholism mediated by work-family life conflict. As female academicians were found to be victims of burnout resulting from workaholism mediated by work-family life conflict; female academicians should be supported by seminars, trainings, and guidance on self-confidence, time and stress management, raising awareness towards workaholism, strategies to cope with burnout. Further studies should be on the underlying reasons of the issue.

Keywords

Female academicians; Burnout; Workaholism; Work-family life conflict; Structural Equation Model (SEM).

References

• Akın, U., & Oğuz, E. (2010). Öğretmenlerin işkoliklik ve tükenmişlik
• düzeylerinin ilişkisi ve çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 16(3), 309-327.
• Arslan, R., & Acar, B.N. (2013). A research on academics on life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and professional burnout. Suleyman Demirel University The Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 18(3), 281-298.
• Andreassen, C., Ursin, H., & Eriksen, H. (2007). The relationship between strong motivation to work, "workaholism", and health. Psychology & Health, 22, 615-629.
• Aziz, S., & Cunningham, J. (2008). Workaholism, work stress, work‐life imbalance: exploring gender's role. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23(8), 553-566, https://doi.org/10.1108/17542410810912681
• Bacharach, S.B., Bamberger, P., & Conley, S. (1991). Work‐home conflict among nurses and engineers: Mediating the impact of role stress on burnout and satisfaction at work. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 12(1), 39-53, https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030120104
• Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Burke, R. (2009). Workaholism and relationship quality: A spillover-crossover perspective. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14, 23-33.
• Bonebright, C. A., Clay, D. L., & Ankenmann, R. D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work–life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(4), 469-477, http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.47.4.469
• Brady, B. R., Vodanovich, S. J., & Rotunda, R. (2008). The impact of workaholism on work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and perception of leisure activities. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 11, 241–263.
• Budak, G., & Sürgevil, O. (2005). Tükenmişlik ve tükenmişliği etkileyen örgütsel faktörlerin analizine ilişkin akademik personel üzerinde bir uygulama. DEÜ İİBF Dergisi, 20(2), 95-108.
• Burke, R. J. (1999). Work and extra work satisfactions. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 7(4), 352- 365.
• Burke, R. J., & Greenglass, E.R. (2001). Hospital restructuring and psychological burnout in nursing staff. Equal Opportunities International, 20(1/2), 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1108/02610150110786714
• Chan, D. W. (2007). Burnout, self-efficacy, and successful intelligence among Chinese prospective and in-service school teachers in Hong-Kong. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 27(1), 33-49.
• Çapri, B. (2006). Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güveirlik çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 62-77.
• Doğan, T., & Tel, F. D. (2011). Duwas işkoliklik ölçeği Türkçe formunun (Duwas Tr) geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi. AİBÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 61-69.
• Doyle, C., & Hind, P. (1998). Occupational stress, burnout and job status in female academics. Gender, Work & Organisation. 5(2), 67-82.
• Efeoğlu, İ. E. (2006). İş-aile yaşam çatışmasının iş stresi, iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkileri: ilaç sektöründe bir araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, Turkey.
• Engelbrecht, M., Berg, H., & Bester, C. (2009). Burnout and compassion fatique: the case of professional nurses in primary health care facilities in the free state province, South Africa. In R. Schwartzhoffer (Ed.), Psychology of Burnout: Predictors and Coping Mechanisms (pp.1-38). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
• Ercan Demirel, E. E. (2014). A research study of teacher beliefs and teacher burnout (Ph.D dissertation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Ercan Demirel, E., & Cephe, P.T. (2015). Looking into burnout levels among English language instructors. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 11(1), 1-14.
• Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeğinin uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
• Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 159-165.
• Greenglass, E.R., Burke, R.J., & Konarski, R. (1998). Components of burnout, resources, and gender-related differences. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(12), 1088-1106.
• Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
• Gülova, A.A., İspirli, D., & Eryılmaz, İ. (2014). İşkoliklik ve tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine yönelik beyaz yakalılar üzerine bir çalışma. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19, 25-39.
• Hooigard, R., Giske, R., & Sundsli, K. (2011). Newly qualified teachers’ work engagement and teacher efficacy influences on job satisfaction, burnout, and the intention to quit. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2011.633993
• Hill, E.J., Jacob, J.I., Shannon, L.L., Brennan, R.T., Blanchard, V.L., & Martinengo, G.M. (2008). Exploring the relationship of workplace flexibility, gender, and life stage to family-to-work conflict, and stress and burnout. Community, Work and Family, 11 (2), 165-181, https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800802027564
• Khan, F., Khan, Q., & Naz, A. (2016). Female academicians are burnout in Pakistan Universities. Gomal University Journal of Research, Special Issue, 157-167.
• Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-Family Conflict, Policies, and The Job-Life Satisfaction Relationship: A Review and Directions for Organizational Behavior-Human Resources Research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139-149.
• Macit, M. (2015). İşkoliklik, iş-aile çatişmasi ve tükenmişlik ilişkileri üzerine bir araştırma, Ph. D. Dissertation, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tokat, Turkey.
• Macit, M., & Ardıç, K. (2018), İşkoliklik, iş-aile çatışası ve tükenmişlik arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi üzerine bir araştırma, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 32 (3), 825-844.
• Maslach, C. (1976). Burned-Out. Human Behavior, 9, 16-22.
• Maslach, C. (1999). Progress in understanding teacher burnout. In R. Vandenberghe & A.M. Huberman (Eds.), Understanding and preventing teacher burnout: A sourcebook of international research and practice (pp.211-222). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Maslach, C. (2003). Burnout: The cost of caring. California: ISHK.
• Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2, 99-113.
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annu. Rev. Psychol, 52, 397-422.
• Melendez, W.A., & Guzman, R. M. (1983). Burnout: The New Academic Disease. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Research Report, 9.
• Metin, Ü. B. (2010). The Antecedents and Consequences of Burnout, Work Engagement and Workaholism. ODTÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Unpublished MA thesis. Ankara, Turkey.
• Naktiyok, A., & Karabey, C. N. (2005). İşkoliklik ve tükenmişlik sendromu, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 179-198.
• Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J.S., & McMurrian, R. M. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology. 81(4), 400-410.
• Oates, W. (1971). Confessions of a workaholic: The facts about work addiction. NewYork, NY: World Publishing.
• Özkin, F. (2015). İş–aile yaşam dengesi ve yıldırmanın işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: tükenmişliğin aracılık rolü, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, MA Thesis, Hatay, Turkey.
• Porter, G. (1996). Organisational impact of workaholism: suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 70-84.
• Rampal, L., & Shahar, H.K. (2014). Prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among faculty academicians. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 10(1), 51-59.
• Rupert, P. A., Stevanovıc, P., & Hunley, H. A. (2009), Work-family conflict and burnout among practicing psychologists, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(1), 54-61, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012538
• Schaufeli, W., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice. A critical analysis. London: Taylor&Francis.
• Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two-sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T.W., & Bakker, A. (2006). Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide: On the differences between work engagement and workaholism. In R. Burke (Ed.), Research companion to working time and work addiction (pp. 193-217). Edward Elgar: Northampton, MA.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W. & Rhenen, W. (2008a). Workaholism, burnout, and work engagement:three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well-being?. Applied Psychology: An International Review. 57(2), 173–203, doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x
• Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Bakker, A. B. (2008). It takes two to tango: Workaholism is working excessively and working compulsively. In R. J. Burke & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The long work hours culture: Causes, consequences and choices (pp. 203-226). Bingley, UK: Emerald.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A.B. & M.M.A Van Der Heijden, F., Prins, J.T. (2009). Workaholism, burnout and well-being among junior doctors: the mediating role of role conflict, Work&Stress, 23(2), 155-172.
• Shimazu, A., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Is workaholism good or bad for employee well-being? The distinctiveness of workaholism and work engagement among Japanese employees. Industrial Health, 47, 495-502.
• Seçer, İ. (2013). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi, analiz ve raporlaştırma, Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Skaalvik, E.M., & Skaalvik,S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: a study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 1059-1069.
• Stoeber J., Damian L. (2016) Perfectionism in employees: work engagement, workaholism, and burnout. In Sirois F., Molnar D. (Eds.) Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being (pp.265-283). New York: Springer.
• Taris, T.W., Beek, I., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2010). Why do perfectionaists have a higher burnout risk than others? the mediational effect of workaholism. Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(1), 1-7.
• Taris, T. W., Van Beek, I., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2012). Demographic and occupational correlates of workaholism, Psychological Reports, 110(2), 547-554.
• Tuğsal, T., & Ülgen, B. (2017). Work-life balance and social support as predictors of burnout: an exploratory analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7, 117-138, http://doi.10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i3/2699
• Toker, B. (2011). Burnout among university academicians: an emprirical study on the üniversities of Turkey. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi. 12(1), 114-127.
• Troppmann, K.M., & Troppmann, C. (2012). Work-Life Balance and Burnout. In Chen H., Kao L. (Eds.) Success in Academic Surgery:Part 1(219-234). New York: Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-313-8_14
• Vandenberghe, R., & Huberman, A.M. (1999). Understanding and preventing teacher burnout. UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Watts, J., & Robertson, N. (2011). Burnout in university teaching staff: a systematic literature review. Educational Research, 53(1), 33-50.