Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness

Year 2026, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 64 - 76, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1849693

Abstract

This article examines the Chinese writing system from a long-term historical perspective, focusing on its structural evolution, functional transformation, and cultural embeddedness. Drawing on an integrated framework that combines historical linguistics, palaeography, and the history of writing culture, the study traces the development of Chinese writing from prehistoric proto-symbols to the stabilization and diversification of script styles. It argues that the emergence of writing in China was not a sudden invention but the outcome of prolonged symbolic accumulation shaped by social organization, ritual practice, and cognitive patterns.
Through an analysis of oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and successive script forms from the Qin–Han period onward, the study demonstrates how writing became progressively institutionalized as a medium of governance, ritual communication, and knowledge transmission. The processes of script standardization, particularly the unification of writing under the Qin and the functional transformation associated with clerical and regular scripts, are shown to reflect a dynamic interaction between linguistic structure and sociopolitical needs. At the same time, the diversification of script styles illustrates how writing gradually transcended purely practical functions and acquired aesthetic and expressive dimensions.
Overall, the article highlights the Chinese writing system as a historically stable yet internally dynamic complex system, whose continuity has been sustained through gradual adaptation rather than radical rupture. By emphasizing the interplay between structure, function, and cultural context, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how writing systems evolve within specific civilizational frameworks.

References

  • Boltz, W. G. (2000). The invention of writing in China. Oriens Extremus, 42, 1–17.
  • Cai, Y. (2022). The legend of Cangjie creating writing and the enigma of incised symbols. Luoyang Archaeology, 1, 10–21.
  • Chen, M. (2015). An inquiry into the original history of Shang oracle bone inscriptions. Social Science Forum, 2, 13–36. https://doi.org/10.14185/j.cnki.issn1008-2026.2015.02.002
  • Dong, K. (1998). The origins and development of Chinese characters. Commercial Press.
  • Hu, P., & Yan, S. (2019). On the impact of the evolution of Chinese character fonts during the transition from clerical script to regular script on simplified Chinese characters. Young Literature and Art, 16–17.
  • Kelly, J. (2006). Writing and the state: China, India, and general definitions. In S. L. Sanders (Ed.), Margins of writing, origins of cultures (pp. 20–21). University of Chicago Press.
  • Li, X. (2018). Ten lectures on ancient Chinese civilization. Fudan University Press.
  • Liu, Y., & Fang, Y. (2000). An outline of the history of the development of Chinese characters. China Encyclopedia Publishing House.
  • Qiu, X. (1988). An outline of Chinese writing. Commercial Press.
  • Qiu, X. (2013). An outline of Chinese writing (Rev. ed.). Commercial Press.
  • Wang, L. (1996). The relationship between the emergence of simplified Chinese characters and the evolution of children’s development. Journal of Henan University, 5, 22–25.
  • Wang, N. (2015). An introduction to Chinese character formation. Commercial Press.
  • Xu, C. (1996). An overview of calligraphy on stone inscriptions, bamboo slips, and silk manuscripts from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. In L. Zhengcheng (Ed.), Complete collection of Chinese calligraphy (Vol. 4, pp. 1–24). Rongbaozhai Publishing House.
  • Xu, P. (2012). Collected essays on Chinese historical archaeology. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.
  • Yan, W. (1998). Collected essays on prehistoric archaeology. Science Press.
  • Yang, R. (2000). A general introduction to modern Chinese character studies. Great Wall Press.
  • Yuan, Z. (2019). A brief discussion on the gains and losses of Chinese character simplification. Chinese Character Culture, 13, 3–5.
  • Zhang, L. (2015). A new inquiry into the origins of Chinese characters. Science Press.
  • Zhang, Y. (2003). Strengthening research on early modern Chinese characters. Journal of Zhejiang Institute of Education, 6, 1–6.
  • Zhang, Z. (2004). The Yangshao period: Prosperity and transformation of prehistoric society. In K.-C. Chang & P. Xu (Eds.), The formation of Chinese civilization (Chap. 3). China New World Press.

Tarihsel Perspektiften Çin Yazı Sistemi: Yapısı, İşlevi ve Kültürel Bağlamı

Year 2026, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 64 - 76, 31.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1849693

Abstract

Bu makale, Çin yazı sistemini uzun erimli bir tarihsel perspektiften inceleyerek yapısal evrimini, işlevsel dönüşümünü ve kültürel bağlam içindeki yerleşikliğini ele almaktadır. Tarihsel dilbilim, paleografi ve yazı kültürü tarihini bir araya getiren bütüncül bir çerçeveden hareketle çalışma, Çin yazısının tarihöncesi proto-sembollerden yazı biçimlerinin istikrar kazanmasına ve çeşitlenmesine uzanan gelişim sürecini izlemektedir. Makale, Çin’de yazının ortaya çıkışının ani bir icat olmadığını; aksine toplumsal örgütlenme, ritüel pratikler ve bilişsel örüntüler tarafından şekillenen uzun süreli bir sembolik birikimin sonucu olduğunu ileri sürmektedir.

Kehanet kemiği yazıtları, bronz yazıtlar ve Qin–Han döneminden itibaren ortaya çıkan ardışık yazı biçimlerinin analizi yoluyla çalışma, yazının zamanla yönetsel uygulamalar, ritüel iletişim ve bilginin aktarımı için kurumsallaşmış bir araç hâline geldiğini göstermektedir. Özellikle Qin döneminde yazının birleştirilmesiyle somutlaşan standartlaşma süreçleri ile resmi yazı ve düzenli yazı biçimleriyle ilişkili işlevsel dönüşümler, dilsel yapı ile sosyopolitik ihtiyaçlar arasındaki dinamik etkileşimi yansıtmaktadır. Aynı zamanda yazı stillerinin çeşitlenmesi, yazının salt pratik işlevlerin ötesine geçerek estetik ve ifade edici boyutlar kazandığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Genel olarak makale, Çin yazı sistemini tarihsel açıdan istikrarlı ancak içsel olarak dinamik bir karmaşık sistem olarak ele almakta; bu sürekliliğin radikal kopuşlardan ziyade kademeli uyarlanmalar yoluyla sürdürüldüğünü vurgulamaktadır. Yapı, işlev ve kültürel bağlam arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiyi öne çıkaran bu çalışma, yazı sistemlerinin belirli uygarlık çerçeveleri içinde nasıl evrildiğine dair daha kapsamlı bir kavrayışa katkı sunmaktadır.

References

  • Boltz, W. G. (2000). The invention of writing in China. Oriens Extremus, 42, 1–17.
  • Cai, Y. (2022). The legend of Cangjie creating writing and the enigma of incised symbols. Luoyang Archaeology, 1, 10–21.
  • Chen, M. (2015). An inquiry into the original history of Shang oracle bone inscriptions. Social Science Forum, 2, 13–36. https://doi.org/10.14185/j.cnki.issn1008-2026.2015.02.002
  • Dong, K. (1998). The origins and development of Chinese characters. Commercial Press.
  • Hu, P., & Yan, S. (2019). On the impact of the evolution of Chinese character fonts during the transition from clerical script to regular script on simplified Chinese characters. Young Literature and Art, 16–17.
  • Kelly, J. (2006). Writing and the state: China, India, and general definitions. In S. L. Sanders (Ed.), Margins of writing, origins of cultures (pp. 20–21). University of Chicago Press.
  • Li, X. (2018). Ten lectures on ancient Chinese civilization. Fudan University Press.
  • Liu, Y., & Fang, Y. (2000). An outline of the history of the development of Chinese characters. China Encyclopedia Publishing House.
  • Qiu, X. (1988). An outline of Chinese writing. Commercial Press.
  • Qiu, X. (2013). An outline of Chinese writing (Rev. ed.). Commercial Press.
  • Wang, L. (1996). The relationship between the emergence of simplified Chinese characters and the evolution of children’s development. Journal of Henan University, 5, 22–25.
  • Wang, N. (2015). An introduction to Chinese character formation. Commercial Press.
  • Xu, C. (1996). An overview of calligraphy on stone inscriptions, bamboo slips, and silk manuscripts from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. In L. Zhengcheng (Ed.), Complete collection of Chinese calligraphy (Vol. 4, pp. 1–24). Rongbaozhai Publishing House.
  • Xu, P. (2012). Collected essays on Chinese historical archaeology. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.
  • Yan, W. (1998). Collected essays on prehistoric archaeology. Science Press.
  • Yang, R. (2000). A general introduction to modern Chinese character studies. Great Wall Press.
  • Yuan, Z. (2019). A brief discussion on the gains and losses of Chinese character simplification. Chinese Character Culture, 13, 3–5.
  • Zhang, L. (2015). A new inquiry into the origins of Chinese characters. Science Press.
  • Zhang, Y. (2003). Strengthening research on early modern Chinese characters. Journal of Zhejiang Institute of Education, 6, 1–6.
  • Zhang, Z. (2004). The Yangshao period: Prosperity and transformation of prehistoric society. In K.-C. Chang & P. Xu (Eds.), The formation of Chinese civilization (Chap. 3). China New World Press.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Language Studies (Other), Historical, Comparative and Typological Linguistics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Cansu Körkem Akçay 0000-0002-6138-8059

Submission Date December 26, 2025
Acceptance Date January 31, 2026
Publication Date January 31, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Körkem Akçay, C. (2026). The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness. Journal of Language Research, 10(1), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1849693
AMA 1.Körkem Akçay C. The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness. JLR. 2026;10(1):64-76. doi:10.51726/jlr.1849693
Chicago Körkem Akçay, Cansu. 2026. “The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness”. Journal of Language Research 10 (1): 64-76. https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1849693.
EndNote Körkem Akçay C (January 1, 2026) The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness. Journal of Language Research 10 1 64–76.
IEEE [1]C. Körkem Akçay, “The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness”, JLR, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 64–76, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.51726/jlr.1849693.
ISNAD Körkem Akçay, Cansu. “The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness”. Journal of Language Research 10/1 (January 1, 2026): 64-76. https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1849693.
JAMA 1.Körkem Akçay C. The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness. JLR. 2026;10:64–76.
MLA Körkem Akçay, Cansu. “The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness”. Journal of Language Research, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 64-76, doi:10.51726/jlr.1849693.
Vancouver 1.Körkem Akçay C. The Chinese Writing System in Historical Perspective: Structure, Function, and Cultural Embeddedness. JLR [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 1;10(1):64-76. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA28KM72DW