Güney Levant’ta Roma ve Bizans Çağlarında Yularlanmış Olan Ehil ve Evcil Etoburların Betimlendiği Mozaikler

Abstract

Köpekler, çitalar ve firavun faresi gibi ehlileştirilmiş ve evcilleştirilmiş etoburların tarihin büyük bir bölümü boyunca farklı toplumlardaki insanlar tarafından av esnasında avın aranması ve kovalanması sırasında kullanıldıkları antropolojik, yazınsal ve resimsel kaynaklar tarafından da onaylanmaktadır. Hayvanlar üzerinde insan iradesinin uygulanabilmesi için yularlar, tasmalar ve koşum takımları gibi hayvanları bağlamaya ve kontrol altında tutmaya yarayan farklı aletler geliştirilmiştir. Bu aletler taşımacılık yapmak, binmek ya da tahtırevan taşımak için kullanılan aletlerden büyük ölçüde farklıdırlar.

Güney Levant’ta, Roma ve Bizans Çağları boyunca, kilise, sinagog ve özel konutların mozaik döşemelerindeki av sahnelerinde bu tür etobur hayvanlar ve bu hayvanları kontrol altında tutabilmek için kullanılan aletler betimlenmiştir. Bu tür betimleri olan sahneler de günümüze kadar günlük yaşamdan kesitler olarak değerlendirilmişlerdir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada gerçekliğin resme dönüştürülmesindeki mekanizmanın anlaşılmasının yanı sıra mozaiklerde betimlendiği şekliyle avda kullanılan hayvanlar ve ilgili ekipmanlarının seçilmesi, prestij avı ile fayda beklentili av arasındaki farkları ve hayvan sahibinin seçimlerinin ve tercihlerinin arkasında yatan motivasyonları analiz edilecektir.

Tethering of Tamed and Domesticated Carnivores in Mosaics from the Roman and Byzantine Periods in the Southern Levant

Abstract

Tamed and domesticated carnivores such as dogs, cheetahs and mongooses participated as search and chase aids to human hunting in different societies, during most of history, as attested by anthropological, literary or graphic sources. In order to impose human will on the animals, different tethering devices were developed, such as leashes, collars and harnesses. These devices significantly differ from others related to labour e.g. for hauling, riding or carry palanquins.

During the Roman and Byzantine periods in the southern Levant, these animals and their restraining gear were depicted in hunting scenes on mosaic floors of churches, synagogues and private dwellings. These mosaics are discussed as evidence of everyday life. Therefore, this research analyzes the mechanism involved in translation of reality to images, the choice of hunting animals and their respective equipment as motifs represented on the mosaics, the differences between prestige and utilitarian hunts and the motivation behind the animal owner’s choices and preferences.

Keywords

• Dogs,harness,collar,hunting,rural,tethering

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