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Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos

Year 2022, Issue: 15, 49 - 58, 09.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143733

Abstract

In Iasos, a town only partially investigated and with a small number of mosaics, three pavimenta sectilia were brought to light, dating from the beginning of the Roman empire to at least the late 3rd century. While the lithostroton at the propylaeum and the one in the prehistoric necropolis belong to the best known type - a white tessellated floor in which polychrome marble or stone crustae are inserted - the third example, located in front of the east gate of the agora, has special characteristics. The white background is reduced to a minimum, the crustae are closely spaced and linked by one or two rows of tesserae and surround an off-centre pseudo-emblema, equally made up of a sectile.
The type of pavement of the first two floors mentioned, which are actually the later ones, is very common in Rome and throughout the Italian peninsula; it is known in the western part of the empire and is very rare in the eastern part. The third one, on the other hand, dated between the Augustan age and the second half of the 1st century AD, finds comparisons only on very few specimens, respectively, in Cremona, Lucca, Pompeii, between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, and in Olympia in the 2nd century AD.
Faced with the almost total absence of attestations of this type of floor in the eastern Greek part of the empire and in the rest of Asia Minor, one wonders why, on the contrary, the craftsmen active in Iasos showed such a predilection over several centuries. It has been established that sectilia pavimenta were especially popular in Rome and throughout Italy; in Iasos the presence of numerous Italics who resided and worked there is epigraphically documented; also in the tessellated mosaics of the town, for example in the House of Mosaics, it is possible to identify some ‘Italicisms’ in the decoration and content, and even the presence of a cult dedicated to Heracles as protector of the town leads back to Italic environments.
All these elements allow us to think, in my opinion, that the presence of Italics in Iasos had important consequences on the cultural level, including a particular predilection for sectilia pavimenta.

References

  • Angiolillo - Pilo 2014 S. Angiolillo - C. Pilo, “Venationes at Iasos”, JMR 7, 11-24.
  • Angiolillo - Parodo 2020 S. Angiolillo - C. Parodo, “L‘arte gloriosa della caccia. Venatio ed Aeternitas nei calendari figurati romani”, Eidola 17, 147-169 (S. A. 147-152).
  • Baldoni 1995 D. Baldoni, “Lo scavo nell’area della porta orientale dell’agora”, BIasos 1, 7-8.
  • Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle, J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  • Berti 1997 F. Berti, “Marmo Iasio, I”, Corsi di Cultura e Arte Bizantina 48, 61-74.
  • Berti 1999 F. Berti, “Precisazioni su uno scutulatum iasio”, Gli scavi italiani a Iasos in Caria, I, 333–342.
  • Berti 2013 F. Berti, “ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙ ΠΡΟΦΥΛΑΚΙ ΘΕΩ ΕΠΗΚΟΩ”, F. Raviola - M. Bassani - A. Debiasi - E. Pastorio (eds.), L‘indagine e la rima. Scritti per Lorenzo Braccesi, Hesperìa 30, Roma, 209 -220.
  • Berti 2015 F. Berti, “Cobblestones, mosaics and sectilia of an archaeological site. From restoration work to new protection and conservation perspectives: the case of Iasos (Turkey)”, L. Kniffitz - E. Carbonara (eds.), RAVENNA MUSIVA, Preservation and restoration of architectural decoration mosaics and frescoes. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference, Ravenna, 271-280.
  • Blake 1930 M. E. Blake, “The Pavements of the Roman Buildings of the Republic and Early Empire”, MAAR 8, 7-159.
  • Blümel 1985 W. Blümel (ed.), Die Inschriften von Iasos I, IK 28,1, Bonn.
  • Boeselager 1983 D. von Boeselager, Antike Mosaiken in Sizilien, Roma.
  • Bruneau 1967 Ph. Bruneau, “Deux noms antiques de pavement: ΚΑΤΑΚΛΥΣΤΟΝ et ΛΙΘΟΣΤΡΩΤΟΝ”, BCH 91, 423-446.
  • Ciampoltrini - Rendini 1996 G. Ciampoltrini - P. Rendini, “Pavimenti in signinum e scutulatum dall‘Etruria centro-settentrionale. Recenti acquisizioni”, Atti del III colloquio AISCOM, Bordighera, 573-590.
  • Delrieux 2010 F. Delrieux, “La crise financière des cités grecques d’Asie Mineure au Ier siècle a.C. et la lettre de Cicéron à Q. Minucius Thermus (fam. 13.56)”, R. Van Bremen - J.-M. Carbon (eds.), Hellenistic Karia, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia, Oxford, Bordeaux, 505-526.
  • Delrieux 2013 F. Delrieux, “Les résidents étrangers dans les cités grecques de l‘ouest de l‘Asie Mineure. L‘exemple d‘Iasos en Carie”, F. Delrieux - O. Mariaud (eds.), Communautés nouvelles dans l‘Antiquité grecque. Mouvements, intégrations et représentations, Chambéry, 155-202.
  • Delrieux 2018 F. Delrieux, “Les piliers hermaïques à l‘effigie d‘Héraclès sur les monnaies provinciales romaines d‘Iasos en Carie. Un exemplaire inédit du temps de Septime Sévère”, BIasos 24, 2-11.
  • Donati 1999 L. Donati, “Sull’heroon di Iasos”, PP 54, 316-332.
  • Dunbabin 1979 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “Technique and Materials of Hellenistic Mosaics”, AJA 83, 265-277.
  • Franco 2020 C. Franco, “Agrippa Postumo a Iasos: rivisitando un‘iscrizione”, BIasos 26, 41-46.
  • Guidobaldi 2016 F. Guidobaldi, “La tipologia antica dei rivestimenti pavimentali e parietali, le deformazioni diacroniche e le moderne convenzioni dell’AISCOM e del TESS”, C. Angelelli - S. Tortorella (eds.), Per un corpus dei pavimenti di Roma e del Lazio, Roma, 27-48.
  • Jobst 1977 W. Jobst, Römische Mosaiken aus Ephesos I, Die Hanghäuser des Embolos, FiE VIII/2, Wien.
  • Kankeleit 1994 A. Kankeleit, Kaiserzeitliche Mosaiken in Griechenland, Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dissertationsdruck, Bonn. Malgieri 2008 A. Malgieri, “Un bronzetto di Hercules dexioumenos e il culto di Ercole a Iasos”, BIasos 14, 24-29.
  • Mastrocinque 1994 A. Mastrocinque, “Gli italici a Iasos”, M. Sordi (ed.), Emigrazione e immigrazione nel mondo antico, Milano, 237-252.
  • Morricone Matini 1980 M. L. Morricone Matini, Scutulata pavimenta: i pavimenti con inserti di marmo o di pietra trovati a Roma e nei dintorni, Roma.
  • Pagello 1985 E. Pagello, “Il Foro romano imperiale: considerazioni preliminari”, Studi su Iasos di Caria, Venticinque anni di scavi della Missione Archeologica Italiana, BdA, suppl. al n. 31-32, 137-150.
  • Perez Olmedo 1996 E. Perez Olmedo, “Pavimentos romanos con inserciones lapideas: analisis evolutivo y ensayo tipologico aplicados a la muestra hispana”, BVallad 62, 143-172.
  • PPM Pompei Pitture Mosaici I, Roma, Treccani, 1990.
  • Rebourg 1999 A. Rebourg, “L’opus sectile en Gaule Lyonnaise”, VIIème Colloque International de la Mosaïque Antique, Tunis, 845-849.
  • Scheibelreiter 2007 V. Scheibelreiter, “Römische Mosaiken in Westkleinasien”, M. Meyer (ed.), Neue Zeiten - Neue Sitten, Zu Rezeption und Integration römischen und italischen Kulturguts in Kleinasien, Wien, 155-169.
  • Scheibelreiter-Gail 2011 V. Scheibelreiter-Gail, Die Mosaiken Westkleinasiens. Tessellate des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis Anfang des 7. Jahrhunderts n. Chr., Sonderschriften Band 46, Wien.

Iasos’ta Sectile Döşeme

Year 2022, Issue: 15, 49 - 58, 09.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143733

Abstract

Sadece kısmen araştırılmış ve az sayıda mozaiği olan bir kent olan Iasos’ta, Roma İmparatorluğu’nun başlangıcından en azından 3. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar uzanan bir aralığa tarihlenebilen üç adet sectile döşeme gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Propylaeum’daki ve prehistorik nekropoldeki litostroton en iyi bilinen tipe aitken - polikrom mermer veya taş kabukluların yerleştirildiği beyaz mozaik döşeme - agoranın doğu kapısının önünde yer alan üçüncü örnek, özel niteliklere sahiptir. Beyaz arka plan minimuma indirgenmiştir, kabuklar birbirine yakın aralıklıdır, bir veya iki sıra tessera ile birbirine bağlanmıştır ve eşit olarak bir sektileden oluşan bir merkez dışı yarı-emblemayı çevrelemektedir.
Bahsedilen ilk iki döşeme daha geç tarihli olup Roma’da ve İtalya yarımadasında çok yaygındır; bu örnekler imparatorluğun batı kesiminde çok sayıda görülürken ve doğu kesiminde çok nadirdir. Augustus çağı ile İS 1. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı arasına tarihlenen üçüncüsü ise, İÖ 1. yüzyıl ile İS 1. yüzyıl arasına tarihlenen Cremona, Lucca, Pompeii ve İS 2. yüzyıla tarihlenen Olympia gibi çok az sayıdaki örnekle karşılaştırılabilir.

İmparatorluğun doğu Yunan kesiminde ve Küçük Asya’nın geri kalanında bu tip mozaik döşemelerin neredeyse tamamen olmamasına karşın, Iasos’ta faaliyet gösteren zanaatkarların birkaç yüzyıl boyunca neden böyle bir tercih gösterdikleri merak uyandırmaktadır. Sectilia pavimenta’nın özellikle Roma’da ve tüm İtalya’da popüler olduğu tespit edilmiştir; Iasos’ta burada yaşamış ve çalışmış çok sayıda İtalik kökenli kişinin olduğu epigrafik olarak belgelenmiştir. Ayrıca şehrin tesellalı mozaiklerinde, örneğin Mozaik Evi’nde, dekorasyon ve içerikte bazı ‘İtalizmler’ tespit etmek mümkündür ve hatta şehrin koruyucusu olarak Herakles’e adanmış bir kültün varlığı, İtalik kökenlere işaret etmektedir.

Tüm bu unsurlar, özellikle sectilia pavimenta’ya yönelik bir tercih de dahil olmak üzere Iasos’ta İtalik varlığının kültürel düzeyde önemli sonuçları olduğunun düşünülmesine izin vermektedir.

References

  • Angiolillo - Pilo 2014 S. Angiolillo - C. Pilo, “Venationes at Iasos”, JMR 7, 11-24.
  • Angiolillo - Parodo 2020 S. Angiolillo - C. Parodo, “L‘arte gloriosa della caccia. Venatio ed Aeternitas nei calendari figurati romani”, Eidola 17, 147-169 (S. A. 147-152).
  • Baldoni 1995 D. Baldoni, “Lo scavo nell’area della porta orientale dell’agora”, BIasos 1, 7-8.
  • Balmelle - Darmon 2017 C. Balmelle, J.-P. Darmon, La mosaïque dans les Gaules romaines, Paris.
  • Berti 1997 F. Berti, “Marmo Iasio, I”, Corsi di Cultura e Arte Bizantina 48, 61-74.
  • Berti 1999 F. Berti, “Precisazioni su uno scutulatum iasio”, Gli scavi italiani a Iasos in Caria, I, 333–342.
  • Berti 2013 F. Berti, “ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙ ΠΡΟΦΥΛΑΚΙ ΘΕΩ ΕΠΗΚΟΩ”, F. Raviola - M. Bassani - A. Debiasi - E. Pastorio (eds.), L‘indagine e la rima. Scritti per Lorenzo Braccesi, Hesperìa 30, Roma, 209 -220.
  • Berti 2015 F. Berti, “Cobblestones, mosaics and sectilia of an archaeological site. From restoration work to new protection and conservation perspectives: the case of Iasos (Turkey)”, L. Kniffitz - E. Carbonara (eds.), RAVENNA MUSIVA, Preservation and restoration of architectural decoration mosaics and frescoes. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference, Ravenna, 271-280.
  • Blake 1930 M. E. Blake, “The Pavements of the Roman Buildings of the Republic and Early Empire”, MAAR 8, 7-159.
  • Blümel 1985 W. Blümel (ed.), Die Inschriften von Iasos I, IK 28,1, Bonn.
  • Boeselager 1983 D. von Boeselager, Antike Mosaiken in Sizilien, Roma.
  • Bruneau 1967 Ph. Bruneau, “Deux noms antiques de pavement: ΚΑΤΑΚΛΥΣΤΟΝ et ΛΙΘΟΣΤΡΩΤΟΝ”, BCH 91, 423-446.
  • Ciampoltrini - Rendini 1996 G. Ciampoltrini - P. Rendini, “Pavimenti in signinum e scutulatum dall‘Etruria centro-settentrionale. Recenti acquisizioni”, Atti del III colloquio AISCOM, Bordighera, 573-590.
  • Delrieux 2010 F. Delrieux, “La crise financière des cités grecques d’Asie Mineure au Ier siècle a.C. et la lettre de Cicéron à Q. Minucius Thermus (fam. 13.56)”, R. Van Bremen - J.-M. Carbon (eds.), Hellenistic Karia, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Hellenistic Karia, Oxford, Bordeaux, 505-526.
  • Delrieux 2013 F. Delrieux, “Les résidents étrangers dans les cités grecques de l‘ouest de l‘Asie Mineure. L‘exemple d‘Iasos en Carie”, F. Delrieux - O. Mariaud (eds.), Communautés nouvelles dans l‘Antiquité grecque. Mouvements, intégrations et représentations, Chambéry, 155-202.
  • Delrieux 2018 F. Delrieux, “Les piliers hermaïques à l‘effigie d‘Héraclès sur les monnaies provinciales romaines d‘Iasos en Carie. Un exemplaire inédit du temps de Septime Sévère”, BIasos 24, 2-11.
  • Donati 1999 L. Donati, “Sull’heroon di Iasos”, PP 54, 316-332.
  • Dunbabin 1979 K. M. D. Dunbabin, “Technique and Materials of Hellenistic Mosaics”, AJA 83, 265-277.
  • Franco 2020 C. Franco, “Agrippa Postumo a Iasos: rivisitando un‘iscrizione”, BIasos 26, 41-46.
  • Guidobaldi 2016 F. Guidobaldi, “La tipologia antica dei rivestimenti pavimentali e parietali, le deformazioni diacroniche e le moderne convenzioni dell’AISCOM e del TESS”, C. Angelelli - S. Tortorella (eds.), Per un corpus dei pavimenti di Roma e del Lazio, Roma, 27-48.
  • Jobst 1977 W. Jobst, Römische Mosaiken aus Ephesos I, Die Hanghäuser des Embolos, FiE VIII/2, Wien.
  • Kankeleit 1994 A. Kankeleit, Kaiserzeitliche Mosaiken in Griechenland, Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dissertationsdruck, Bonn. Malgieri 2008 A. Malgieri, “Un bronzetto di Hercules dexioumenos e il culto di Ercole a Iasos”, BIasos 14, 24-29.
  • Mastrocinque 1994 A. Mastrocinque, “Gli italici a Iasos”, M. Sordi (ed.), Emigrazione e immigrazione nel mondo antico, Milano, 237-252.
  • Morricone Matini 1980 M. L. Morricone Matini, Scutulata pavimenta: i pavimenti con inserti di marmo o di pietra trovati a Roma e nei dintorni, Roma.
  • Pagello 1985 E. Pagello, “Il Foro romano imperiale: considerazioni preliminari”, Studi su Iasos di Caria, Venticinque anni di scavi della Missione Archeologica Italiana, BdA, suppl. al n. 31-32, 137-150.
  • Perez Olmedo 1996 E. Perez Olmedo, “Pavimentos romanos con inserciones lapideas: analisis evolutivo y ensayo tipologico aplicados a la muestra hispana”, BVallad 62, 143-172.
  • PPM Pompei Pitture Mosaici I, Roma, Treccani, 1990.
  • Rebourg 1999 A. Rebourg, “L’opus sectile en Gaule Lyonnaise”, VIIème Colloque International de la Mosaïque Antique, Tunis, 845-849.
  • Scheibelreiter 2007 V. Scheibelreiter, “Römische Mosaiken in Westkleinasien”, M. Meyer (ed.), Neue Zeiten - Neue Sitten, Zu Rezeption und Integration römischen und italischen Kulturguts in Kleinasien, Wien, 155-169.
  • Scheibelreiter-Gail 2011 V. Scheibelreiter-Gail, Die Mosaiken Westkleinasiens. Tessellate des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis Anfang des 7. Jahrhunderts n. Chr., Sonderschriften Band 46, Wien.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Archaeology
Journal Section Article
Authors

Simonetta Angiolillo This is me 0000-0002-4093-6845

Publication Date November 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Angiolillo, S. (2022). Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos. Journal of Mosaic Research(15), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143733
AMA Angiolillo S. Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos. JMR. November 2022;(15):49-58. doi:10.26658/jmr.1143733
Chicago Angiolillo, Simonetta. “Sectilia Pavimenta at Iasos”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 15 (November 2022): 49-58. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143733.
EndNote Angiolillo S (November 1, 2022) Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos. Journal of Mosaic Research 15 49–58.
IEEE S. Angiolillo, “Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos”, JMR, no. 15, pp. 49–58, November 2022, doi: 10.26658/jmr.1143733.
ISNAD Angiolillo, Simonetta. “Sectilia Pavimenta at Iasos”. Journal of Mosaic Research 15 (November 2022), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.26658/jmr.1143733.
JAMA Angiolillo S. Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos. JMR. 2022;:49–58.
MLA Angiolillo, Simonetta. “Sectilia Pavimenta at Iasos”. Journal of Mosaic Research, no. 15, 2022, pp. 49-58, doi:10.26658/jmr.1143733.
Vancouver Angiolillo S. Sectilia pavimenta at Iasos. JMR. 2022(15):49-58.

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