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Rethinking the "Conflictive Member" in Organizations: A Proposal for a Model of How Conflict Initiates

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 138 - 156, 22.07.2025

Abstract

In this theoretical article, the concept of the "Conflictive Member" and its relationship with the initiation of conflict in organizations are reviewed. A narrative review of the "Conflictive Member" has been conducted, and articles addressing its definitions and descriptions have been selected. It has been observed that authors approach the phenomenon with similar definitions but different terms. The terms "Difficult People" and "Bad Apple" are commonly used, and the lack of reference to previous studies makes it difficult to establish a consistent theoretical framework. A new definition has been proposed; its scope and the individuals who should be included have been discussed. Additionally, the concept of Organizational Disruptive Behavior is introduced to understand the phenomenon better. Although few studies address the problem of how conflict begins, a valuable model describing the initiation of conflict has been identified, serving as a starting point. Based on this, the Conflict Rigidity Model is proposed to describe how a conflict begins in organizational contexts. The main contribution lies in the inclusion of diverse individuals under the concept of a "Conflictive Member", beyond those with personality-related issues.

References

  • Abufhele Milad, M. (2019). Trastornos del espectro autista. In (Eds.) C. Almonte, & M. E. Montt, Psicopatología infantil y de la adolescencia 3ª Ed (p. 522).
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Personality disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition. (p. 645). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • American Psychological Association. (2018, 04, 19). APA Dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/disruptive-behavior
  • Belloch Fuster, A., & Fernandez Alvarez, H. (2010). Tratado de los trastornos de personalidad. Síntesis.
  • Bernstein, A. J. (2001). Emotional vampires. McGraw-Hill.
  • Bowring, D. L., Painter, J., & Hastings, R. P. (2019). Prevalence of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities, correlates, and association with mental health. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 6, 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-019-00175-9
  • Bowring, D. L., Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Toogood, S., & Griffith, G. M. (2016). Challenging behaviours in adults with an intellectual disability: A total population study and exploration of risk indices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56: 16-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12118
  • Bradley, B. H. (2008). The bad apple spoils the bunch: how a disagreeable person damages team performance and what can be done about it. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa]. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.3fxrh5yp
  • Bramson, R. M. (1981). Coping with difficul people. Anchor Press/Doubleday.
  • Brinkman, R., & Kirschner, R. (1994). Dealing with people you can’t stand. McGraw-Hill.
  • Cava, R. (1990). Dealing with difficult people. Piatkus.
  • Diehm, W. J. (1992). How to get along with difficult people. Broadman Press.
  • Eisenberg, A. R., & Garvey, C. (1981). Children’s use of verbal strategies in resolving conflicts. Discourse Processes, 4(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538109544512
  • Felps, W., Mitchell, T. R., & Byington, E. (2006). How, when, and why bad apples spoil the barrel: Negative group members and dysfunctional groups. Research in Organizational Behavior, 27, 175-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27005-9
  • Friedman, P. (1994). How to deal with difficult people. SkillPath Publications.
  • Gaviria, E. (1996). Conflicto interpersonal en grupos de niños. In (Ed.) F. Colmenares, Etología, psicología comparada y comportamiento animal (pp. 459-482). Sintesis.
  • Glass, P. K. (2002). Managing difficult personalities in the workplace. Psychology for Business.
  • Greer, L. L., & Dannals, J. E. (2017). Conflict in teams. In (Eds.) E. Salas, R. Rico, & J. Passmore, The wiley blackwell handbook of the psychology of team working and collaborative processes (pp. 317-343). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Handzel, A. (2022). Dealing with difficult personalities. Independently published.
  • Hasson, G. (2025). How to deal with difficult people (2nd edition). Capstone.
  • Horn, R. (2024). How to deal with difficult people. Richard Horn.
  • Horney, K. (1937). The neurotic personaliy of our time. W. W. Norton & Co.
  • Jariot Garcia, M., Laborda Molla, C., & González Fernández, H. (2020). El perfil competencial laboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual en centros ocupacionales. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 38(2), 475-493. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.312241
  • Keating, C. J. (1984). Dealing with difficult people. Paulist Press.
  • Keyton, J. (1999). Analyzing interaction patterns in dysfunctional teams. Small Group Research, 30(4), 491–518. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000405
  • Korsgaard, M. A., Jeong, S. S., Mahony, D. M., & Pitariu, A. H. (2008). A multilevel view of intragroup conflict. Journal of Management, 34(6), 1222-1252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308325124
  • Krueger, K. L., Diabes, M. A., & Weingart, L. R. (2022). The psychological experience of intragroup conflict. Research in Organizational Behavior, 42, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2022.100165
  • Lilley, R. (2002). Dealing with difficult people. Kogan Page.
  • Littauer, F. (1984). How to get along with difficult people. Harvest House Publishers.
  • Markham, U. (1993). How to deal with difficult people. Thorsons.
  • Maynard, D. W. (1985). How children start arguments. Language in Society, 14(1):1-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500010915
  • Monroe, C., Borzi, M. G., & DiSalvo, V. S. (1989). Conflict behaviors of difficult subordinates. The Southern Communication Journal, 54(4), 311-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948909372765
  • Monroe, C., Borzi, M. G., & DiSalvo, V. S. (1993). Managerial strategies for dealing with difficult subordinates. The Southern Communication Journal, 58(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949309372906
  • Paz-Maldonado, E., & Silva-Peña, I. (2020). Employability of people with disabilities in latin america. Saude soc, 29 (4):e190724. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902020190724
  • Raynes, B. L. (2001). Predicting difficult employees: The relationship between vocational interests, self-esteem, and problem communication styles. Applied H.R.M. Research, 6(1-2), 33-66.
  • Rifkind, L. J., & Harper, L. F. (1994). Conflict management strategies for the equal opportunity difficult person in the sexually harassing workplace. Public Personnel Managenent, 23(3), 487-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609402300312
  • Rosselló Ramón, R., & Verger Gelabert, S. (2008). La inclusión de personas con discapacidad en el lugar de trabajo en las Islas Baleares. Revista Europea de Formación Profesional, 45, 181-200.
  • Saco-Lorenzo, I., González-López, I., Martín-Fernández, M., & Bejarano-Prats, P. (2022). Disruptive behavior in the classroom. Analysis from the perspective of future primary education teachers. Education in the knowledge society, 23, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.28268
  • Sandy, S. V., Boardman, S. K., & Deutsh, M. (2014). Personality and conflict. In (Eds.) P. T. Coleman, M. Deutsch, & E. C. Marcus, The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 343-348). Jossey-Bass.
  • Shah, P. P., Peterson, R. S., Jones, S. L., & Ferguson, A. J. (2020). Things are not always what they seem: The origins and evolution of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 66(2), 426-474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839220965186
  • Shantz, C. U. (1987). Conflicts between children. Child Development, 58(2), 283–305. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130507
  • Solomon, M. (1990). Working with difficult people. Prentice Hall.
  • Tyler, K. (2004). One bad apple: Before the whole bunch spoils, train managers to deal with poor performers. HR Magazine, 49n(12), 77–86. https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/hr-magazine/one-bad-apple
  • Weiss, D. H. (1987). How to deal with difficult people. Amacom.
  • Zhang, L., Fu, Y., Lu, W., & Liu, J. (2023). Toward an event-oriented conceptualization of conflict: Reflections on three decades of conflict research. International Journal of Conflict Management, 4(3), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-09-2022-0157

Örgütlerdeki "Çatışmacı Üye"yi Yeniden Düşünmek: Çatışmanın Nasıl Başladığına Dair Bir Model Önerisi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 138 - 156, 22.07.2025

Abstract

Bu teorik makalede, "Çatışmacı Üye" kavramı ve örgütlerde çatışmanın başlamasıyla olan ilişkisi incelenmektedir. "Çatışmacı Üye" üzerine bir anlatısal inceleme yapılmış ve bu olguya ilişkin tanımları ve açıklamaları ele alan makaleler seçilmiştir. Yazarların benzer tanımlarla ancak farklı terimler kullanarak bu olguyu ele aldığı gözlemlenmiştir; "Zor İnsanlar" ve "Kötü Elma" terimleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır ve önceki çalışmalara atıfta bulunulmaması, tutarlı bir teorik çerçevenin oluşturulmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Yeni bir tanım önerilmiş olup, kapsamı ve hangi bireylerin dahil edileceği tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, olguyu daha iyi anlamak için Örgütsel Bozucu Davranış kavramı tanıtılmıştır. Çatışmanın nasıl başladığı sorununu ele alan çalışmalar az olsa da, çatışmanın başlangıcını tanımlayan değerli bir model tespit edilmiş ve bu bir başlangıç noktası olarak kullanılmıştır. Buna dayanarak, örgütsel bağlamlarda çatışmanın nasıl başladığını tanımlamak için Çatışma Katılık Modeli önerilmiştir. Ana katkı, kişilikle ilgili sorunları olanların ötesinde, çeşitli bireylerin "Çatışmacı Üye" kavramı altında dahil edilmesinde yatmaktadır.

References

  • Abufhele Milad, M. (2019). Trastornos del espectro autista. In (Eds.) C. Almonte, & M. E. Montt, Psicopatología infantil y de la adolescencia 3ª Ed (p. 522).
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Personality disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition. (p. 645). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • American Psychological Association. (2018, 04, 19). APA Dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/disruptive-behavior
  • Belloch Fuster, A., & Fernandez Alvarez, H. (2010). Tratado de los trastornos de personalidad. Síntesis.
  • Bernstein, A. J. (2001). Emotional vampires. McGraw-Hill.
  • Bowring, D. L., Painter, J., & Hastings, R. P. (2019). Prevalence of challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities, correlates, and association with mental health. Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 6, 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40474-019-00175-9
  • Bowring, D. L., Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Toogood, S., & Griffith, G. M. (2016). Challenging behaviours in adults with an intellectual disability: A total population study and exploration of risk indices. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56: 16-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12118
  • Bradley, B. H. (2008). The bad apple spoils the bunch: how a disagreeable person damages team performance and what can be done about it. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Iowa]. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.3fxrh5yp
  • Bramson, R. M. (1981). Coping with difficul people. Anchor Press/Doubleday.
  • Brinkman, R., & Kirschner, R. (1994). Dealing with people you can’t stand. McGraw-Hill.
  • Cava, R. (1990). Dealing with difficult people. Piatkus.
  • Diehm, W. J. (1992). How to get along with difficult people. Broadman Press.
  • Eisenberg, A. R., & Garvey, C. (1981). Children’s use of verbal strategies in resolving conflicts. Discourse Processes, 4(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538109544512
  • Felps, W., Mitchell, T. R., & Byington, E. (2006). How, when, and why bad apples spoil the barrel: Negative group members and dysfunctional groups. Research in Organizational Behavior, 27, 175-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(06)27005-9
  • Friedman, P. (1994). How to deal with difficult people. SkillPath Publications.
  • Gaviria, E. (1996). Conflicto interpersonal en grupos de niños. In (Ed.) F. Colmenares, Etología, psicología comparada y comportamiento animal (pp. 459-482). Sintesis.
  • Glass, P. K. (2002). Managing difficult personalities in the workplace. Psychology for Business.
  • Greer, L. L., & Dannals, J. E. (2017). Conflict in teams. In (Eds.) E. Salas, R. Rico, & J. Passmore, The wiley blackwell handbook of the psychology of team working and collaborative processes (pp. 317-343). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Handzel, A. (2022). Dealing with difficult personalities. Independently published.
  • Hasson, G. (2025). How to deal with difficult people (2nd edition). Capstone.
  • Horn, R. (2024). How to deal with difficult people. Richard Horn.
  • Horney, K. (1937). The neurotic personaliy of our time. W. W. Norton & Co.
  • Jariot Garcia, M., Laborda Molla, C., & González Fernández, H. (2020). El perfil competencial laboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual en centros ocupacionales. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 38(2), 475-493. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.312241
  • Keating, C. J. (1984). Dealing with difficult people. Paulist Press.
  • Keyton, J. (1999). Analyzing interaction patterns in dysfunctional teams. Small Group Research, 30(4), 491–518. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649649903000405
  • Korsgaard, M. A., Jeong, S. S., Mahony, D. M., & Pitariu, A. H. (2008). A multilevel view of intragroup conflict. Journal of Management, 34(6), 1222-1252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308325124
  • Krueger, K. L., Diabes, M. A., & Weingart, L. R. (2022). The psychological experience of intragroup conflict. Research in Organizational Behavior, 42, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2022.100165
  • Lilley, R. (2002). Dealing with difficult people. Kogan Page.
  • Littauer, F. (1984). How to get along with difficult people. Harvest House Publishers.
  • Markham, U. (1993). How to deal with difficult people. Thorsons.
  • Maynard, D. W. (1985). How children start arguments. Language in Society, 14(1):1-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500010915
  • Monroe, C., Borzi, M. G., & DiSalvo, V. S. (1989). Conflict behaviors of difficult subordinates. The Southern Communication Journal, 54(4), 311-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948909372765
  • Monroe, C., Borzi, M. G., & DiSalvo, V. S. (1993). Managerial strategies for dealing with difficult subordinates. The Southern Communication Journal, 58(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949309372906
  • Paz-Maldonado, E., & Silva-Peña, I. (2020). Employability of people with disabilities in latin america. Saude soc, 29 (4):e190724. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-12902020190724
  • Raynes, B. L. (2001). Predicting difficult employees: The relationship between vocational interests, self-esteem, and problem communication styles. Applied H.R.M. Research, 6(1-2), 33-66.
  • Rifkind, L. J., & Harper, L. F. (1994). Conflict management strategies for the equal opportunity difficult person in the sexually harassing workplace. Public Personnel Managenent, 23(3), 487-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609402300312
  • Rosselló Ramón, R., & Verger Gelabert, S. (2008). La inclusión de personas con discapacidad en el lugar de trabajo en las Islas Baleares. Revista Europea de Formación Profesional, 45, 181-200.
  • Saco-Lorenzo, I., González-López, I., Martín-Fernández, M., & Bejarano-Prats, P. (2022). Disruptive behavior in the classroom. Analysis from the perspective of future primary education teachers. Education in the knowledge society, 23, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.28268
  • Sandy, S. V., Boardman, S. K., & Deutsh, M. (2014). Personality and conflict. In (Eds.) P. T. Coleman, M. Deutsch, & E. C. Marcus, The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 343-348). Jossey-Bass.
  • Shah, P. P., Peterson, R. S., Jones, S. L., & Ferguson, A. J. (2020). Things are not always what they seem: The origins and evolution of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 66(2), 426-474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839220965186
  • Shantz, C. U. (1987). Conflicts between children. Child Development, 58(2), 283–305. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130507
  • Solomon, M. (1990). Working with difficult people. Prentice Hall.
  • Tyler, K. (2004). One bad apple: Before the whole bunch spoils, train managers to deal with poor performers. HR Magazine, 49n(12), 77–86. https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/hr-magazine/one-bad-apple
  • Weiss, D. H. (1987). How to deal with difficult people. Amacom.
  • Zhang, L., Fu, Y., Lu, W., & Liu, J. (2023). Toward an event-oriented conceptualization of conflict: Reflections on three decades of conflict research. International Journal of Conflict Management, 4(3), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-09-2022-0157
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Organisational Behaviour
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sebastián Legue Godoy 0009-0002-9644-971X

Early Pub Date July 21, 2025
Publication Date July 22, 2025
Submission Date March 10, 2025
Acceptance Date May 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Legue Godoy, S. (2025). Rethinking the "Conflictive Member" in Organizations: A Proposal for a Model of How Conflict Initiates. Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 7(2), 138-156.

Journal of Organizational Behavior Review © 2019 by Sema Polatcı is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

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