Sürdürülebilir Bamya (Abelmoschus esculentus) Üretimi İçin Toprak Altı ve Yaprak Uygulamalı Fermente Biyo-Düzenleyicilerin Optimizasyonu

Abstract

Çalışma, sebze üretiminin sürdürülebilir yoğunlaştırılması için geleneksel gübreleme yöntemlerine çevre dostu alternatifler geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada, yerel olarak üretilen fermente düzenleyicilerin ve bunların bamya (Abelmoschus esculentus) üzerindeki uygulama yöntemlerinin etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Deney, rastgele tam blok deneme deseni kullanılarak dokuz farklı uygulamayı içermektedir. Dört fermente hazırlık (bitki suyu, meyve suyu, balık amino asitleri ve yumurta kabukları), toprak altı veya yaprak uygulama yöntemleriyle, geleneksel toprak analizine dayalı gübreleme önerileriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Biyo-düzenleyiciler, toprak besin durumunu koruma açısından üstün performans göstermiş ve fermente düzenleyiciler, geleneksel gübrelemeye göre daha yüksek organik madde içeriğini (3,32%) sağlamıştır (geleneksel gübreleme: 3,18%). Fermente meyve suyu (FFJ) yaprak uygulaması, en uzun bitkileri üretmiştir (90. gün sonunda 62,32 cm), FFJ-toprak altı uygulaması ise çiçeklenmeyi önemli ölçüde hızlandırmıştır (30,50 gün). Balık amino asidi yaprak uygulaması, en yüksek pazar değerindeki meyve sayısını (3,00) sağlamış, FFJ-yaprak uygulaması ise en ağır pazar değerindeki meyve ağırlığını (72,50 g) elde etmiştir. Biyo-düzenleyici uygulamaları, meyve besin bileşimini de etkilemiştir. FAA-toprak altı ve FPJ-yaprak uygulamaları, geleneksel gübrelemeye (24,46%) kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha düşük lif içeriği (24,35%) sağlamış, aynı zamanda kül (6,37-6,42%), protein (10,38-10,42%) ve yağ (1,38-1,41%) seviyelerini tutarlı bir şekilde korumuştur. Sonuçlar, yerel kaynaklı fermente biyo-düzenleyicilerin uygun uygulama yöntemleriyle kullanıldığında geleneksel gübrelemeyle eşit veya üstün performans gösterebildiğini ve toprak sağlığını desteklediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu araştırma, sürdürülebilir bamya üretimi için pratik rehberlik sağlamakta ve biyo-düzenleyici uygulama sistemlerinin optimizasyonuna ilişkin anlayışı geliştirmektedir.

Keywords

• Fermente biyo-düzenleyiciler
• Yaprak uygulama yöntemleri
• Toprak altı gübreleme
• Balık amino asitleri
• Sürdürülebilir tarım

Optimization of Fermented Bio-Regulators Applied to Soil and Leaves for Sustainable Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Production

Abstract

The study aims to develop eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fertilization for the sustainable intensification of vegetable production. This research assessed the impact of locally produced fermented amendments and methods of their application on okra, Abelmoschus esculentus. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with nine treatments comparing four fermented preparations (plant juice, fruit juice, fish amino acids, and eggshells) applied through subsurface or foliar methods against conventional soil test recommendations. Bio-amendments demonstrated superior performance in maintaining soil nutrient status, with fermented amendments maintaining higher soil organic matter (3.32%) than conventional fertilization (3.18%). Foliar application of fermented fruit juice (FFJ) produced the tallest plants (62.32 cm at 90 DAS), while FFJ-subsurface significantly accelerated flowering (30.50 days). Fish amino acid foliar application yielded the highest number of marketable fruits (3.00), while FFJ-foliar treatment achieved the maximum marketable fruit weight (72.50 g). Bio-amended treatments also influenced fruit nutritional composition, with FAA-subsurface and FPJ-foliar treatments resulting in significantly lower fiber content (24.35%) compared to conventional fertilization (24.46%), while maintaining consistent levels of ash (6.37-6.42%), protein (10.38-10.42%), and fats (1.38-1.41%). Results demonstrate that locally sourced fermented bio-amendments can effectively match or exceed conventional fertilization while supporting soil health, particularly when applied through appropriate delivery methods. This research provides practical guidance for sustainable okra production while advancing the understanding of bio-amendment delivery system optimization.

Keywords

• Foliar application methods
• Subsurface fertilization
• Fish amino acids
• Sustainable agriculture
• Fermented bio-amendments

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