Research Article
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EFFECTS OF JOB CHARACHTERISTICS ON JOB SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO LEAVE

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 90 - 109, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24013/jomelips.430641

Abstract

In this study; based on Hackman and Oldham's job satisfaction model, the relationship among job characteristics that make organization members happy and satisfied with their work, individuals’ job satisfaction and individuals’ intention to leave their work has been investigated. The Hackman and Oldham job charachteristics model is a model that combines classical organizational theory, human relationship theory, behavioral sciences theories and system approach to work design. In order to test the model in Turkish context, the field research related to this study was conducted on white-collar office workers working in firms operating in Istanbul and surrounding provinces and having more than 100 staff. A total of 238 people returned to the survey and 202 available surveys have been obtained. The data of the study were analyzed using SPSS program. In the related analyzes the effects of job characteristics on job satisfaction and job separation intention were examined. As a result of the analyzes; it has been determined that job satisfaction is positively effected by job meaningfulness and skill diversity and partially effected by feedback and intention to leave is effected by skill diversity and autonomy.

References

  • Ali, S. A. M., Said, N. A., Kader, S. F. A., Ab Latif, D. S., & Munap, R. (2014). Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model to job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 46-52.
  • Ayandele, I. A., & Nnamseh, M. P. (2014). Hackman and Oldham Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and Akwa Ibom State Civil Servants' Performance. Canadian Social Science, 10(2), 89.
  • Aytaç, Ö. (2005). Modern bürokratik kurumlar ve baski düzenleri. Firat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, 249-278.
  • Barak, M. E. M., Levin, A., Nissly, J. A., & Lane, C. J. (2006). Why do they leave? Modeling child welfare workers' turnover intentions. Children and Youth Services Review, 28(5), 548-577.
  • Bayar, H. T., ve Öztürk, M. (2017). İş stresinin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi: süleyman demirel üniversitesi araştırma görevlileri üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 525-546.
  • Bilgiç, R. (2008). İş özellikleri kuramı: Geniş kapsamlı gözden geçirme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 66-77.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303-316.
  • Bouckenooghe, D., Raju, U. ve Butt, An. (2013), Combined Effects of Positive and Negative Affectivity and Job Satisfaction on Job Performance and Turnover Intentions, The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 147(2): 105- 123.
  • Carbery, R., Garavan, T.N., O'Brien, F., McDonnell, J. (2003). Predicting Hotel Managers’ Turnover Cognitions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol, 18 Issue 7 s.649-679.
  • Chin, W. W., Gopal, A., & Salisbury, W. D. (1997). Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: The development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation. Information systems research, 8(4), 342-367.
  • Cote, S., & Morgan, L. M. (2002). Longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intention to quit. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 23(7), 947-962.
  • Daloğlu, M. (2002). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde İş Gücü Devri: İş Tatmini. Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Ayrılma İsteği Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme, Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi SBE.
  • Delfgaauw, J. (2005). The Effect of job satisfaction on job search : not just whether, but also where. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, October, Rotterdam, Erasmus University.
  • Durmuş , S. ve Günay, O. (2007). Hemşirelerde iş doyumu ve anksiyete düzeyini etkileyen faktörler. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi, 29(2), 139–146.
  • Erdoğan, İ . (1999). İ ş letme yönetiminde örgütsel davranış . İ ş letme Fakültesi Yayını, No.5, İstanbul.
  • Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press.
  • Fisher, C.D., Locke, E.A., (1992). Thenewlook in jobsatisfactionresearchandtheory. In: Smith,
  • Fisher, D. (2000). Mood and Emotions while working: Missing pieces of job satisfaction. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 21(9), 185-202.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1992). Meaning in industrial society. In International forum for logotherapy. Viktor Frankl Inst of Logotherapy.
  • Fried, Y., Levi, A. S., & Laurence, G. 2008. Job design in the new world of work. In S. Cartwright & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Oxford handbook of personnel psychology: 587-597. New York, NY: Oxford Press.
  • Ganesan, S., & Weitz, B. A. (1996). The impact of staffing policies on retail buyer job attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 31-56.
  • Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu, H. (2007). Örgüt ikliminin iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Bir araştırma.
  • Hackman, J. R., &Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied psychology, 60(2), 159.
  • Heller, D., Judge, T. A., & Watson, D. (2002). The confounding role of personality and trait affectivity in the relationship between job and life satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(7), 815-835.
  • Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta- analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332–1356. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
  • Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. 2007. Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic of the summary and theoretical extension work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1332-1356.
  • İşcan, Ö. F., ve Sayın, U. (2010). Örgütsel adalet, iş tatmini ve örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişki. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 195-216.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 356.
  • Kanungo, R. N. (1992). Alienation and empowerment: Some ethical imperatives in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(5-6), 413-422.
  • Kaşlı, M. (2011). İş özellikleri modelinin otel işletmelerinde uygulanabilirliğine yönelik bir araştırma. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(2), 159-174.
  • Katz, J. (1977). Cover-up and collective integrity: On the natural antagonisms of authority internal and external to organizations. Social Problems, 25(1), 3-17.
  • Koçel, T. (2001) İşletme yöneticiliği, yönetim ve organizasyon, organizasyonlarda davranış klasik-modern-çağdaş ve güncel yaklaşımlar. 8. Basım İstanbul, Beta Yayınları.
  • Loher, B. T., Noe, R. A., Moeller, N. L., & Fitzgerald, M. P. (1985). A meta-analysis of therelation of jobcharacteristicstojobsatisfaction.
  • Luthans, F., (1994), Organizational Behavior, Newyork: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • Mahalakshmi, V., ve Arumugam, D. N. (2015). A study on job satisfaction among the employees of city union bank in kumbakonam. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research & Development, 2(2), 430-434.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1943) A theory of humanmotivation. PsychologicalReview, 50, pp.370-396.
  • Morris, M. G., &Venkatesh, V. (2010). Job characteristics and job satisfaction: understanding the role of enterpriseresourceplanningsystemimplementation. Mis Quarterly, 143-161.
  • Cranny, P.C., Stone, C.J., (Eds.), Job Satisfaction: How People Feel about their Jobs and How it Affects their Performance Lexington Books, New York. 165-194.
  • Peterson, R. A. (2000). Constructing effective questionnaires. Chronicle Books.
  • Royal, M., & Agnew, T. 2011. The enemy of engagement: Put an end to workplace frustration and get the most from your employees. New York, NY: AMACOM.Schneider, B. ve Snyder, R. (1975). “SomeRelationshipBetweenJobSatisfactionAnd Organizational Climate”, Journal Of AppliedPsychology, Vol.60, No:3, s.318-328.
  • Shalley, C., Gdlson, L. & Blum, T. (2000), “MatchingCreativityRequuırementsAndTheWork Environment: Effects On SatisfactionAndIntentionsToLeave”, Academy Of Management Journal, Vol.43 Issue 2, Apr, 215-223.
  • Soysal, A., Öke, P., Yağar, F., & Tunç, M. (2017). Örgütsel İletişim ve İş Tatmini Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Özel Hastane Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (37), 243.
  • Tzeng, H. M. (2002). Theinfluence of nurses’ workingmotivationandjobsatisfaction on intentiontoquit: an empiricalinvestigation in Taiwan. International journal of nursingstudies, 39(8), 867-878.
  • Unur, K., Ertaş, Ç., & Kanca, B. (2015). Turizmin sosyo-kültürel etkilerine ilişkin yapılmış araştırmaların analizi. Avrasya Uluslararası Turizm Kongresi-Güncel Konular, Eğilimler ve Göstergeler.
  • Wagner, J. A., & Hollenbeck, J. R. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Securing Competitive Advantage, Rout-ledge. New York.
  • Wegman, L. A., Hoffman, B. J., Carter, N. T., Twenge, J. M., & Guenole, N. (2018). Placing job characteristics in context: cross-temporal meta-analysis of changes in job characteristics since 1975. Journal of Management, 44(1), 352-386.
  • Yıldız, S., Savcı, G., & Hüsnü, Kapu. (2014). Motive edici faktörlerin çalışanların iş performansına ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 233-249.

İş Özelliklerinin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 90 - 109, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24013/jomelips.430641

Abstract

Bu çalışmada; Hackman ve Oldham’ın iş özellikleri modeli baz alınarak, örgüt içerisindeki bireylerin yaptıkları işten mutluluk duymaları ve tatmin olmalarına sebep olan iş özellikleri ile, bireylerin işlerinden duydukları tatmin ve işten ayrılma niyetleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Hackman ve Oldham iş özellikleri modeli klasik örgüt teorisinin, insan ilişkileri teorisinin, davranış bilimleri teorilerinin ve iş dizaynına sistem odaklı yaklaşımın özelliklerini bünyesinde birleştiren bir modeldir. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu modeli Türkiye bağlamında test etmek üzere, İstanbul ve çevresindeki illerde faaliyet gösteren, 100 ve üstü personele sahip firmalarda görev alan beyaz yaka ofis çalışanlar üzerinde saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Araştırma için düzenlenen ankete 238 kişi dönüş yapmış ve bu dönüşlerden 202 adet kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya ait veriler SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve analizler sonucunda iş özelliklerinin iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş; çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetini, beceri çeşitliliği ve özerkliğin etkilediği tespit edilirken, iş tatmini üzerinde ise görevin anlamlılığı, beceri çeşitliliği ve kısmen geri bildirimin etkili ̆i olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 

References

  • Ali, S. A. M., Said, N. A., Kader, S. F. A., Ab Latif, D. S., & Munap, R. (2014). Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model to job satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 46-52.
  • Ayandele, I. A., & Nnamseh, M. P. (2014). Hackman and Oldham Job Characteristics Model (JCM) and Akwa Ibom State Civil Servants' Performance. Canadian Social Science, 10(2), 89.
  • Aytaç, Ö. (2005). Modern bürokratik kurumlar ve baski düzenleri. Firat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, 249-278.
  • Barak, M. E. M., Levin, A., Nissly, J. A., & Lane, C. J. (2006). Why do they leave? Modeling child welfare workers' turnover intentions. Children and Youth Services Review, 28(5), 548-577.
  • Bayar, H. T., ve Öztürk, M. (2017). İş stresinin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisi: süleyman demirel üniversitesi araştırma görevlileri üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 525-546.
  • Bilgiç, R. (2008). İş özellikleri kuramı: Geniş kapsamlı gözden geçirme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 66-77.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303-316.
  • Bouckenooghe, D., Raju, U. ve Butt, An. (2013), Combined Effects of Positive and Negative Affectivity and Job Satisfaction on Job Performance and Turnover Intentions, The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 147(2): 105- 123.
  • Carbery, R., Garavan, T.N., O'Brien, F., McDonnell, J. (2003). Predicting Hotel Managers’ Turnover Cognitions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol, 18 Issue 7 s.649-679.
  • Chin, W. W., Gopal, A., & Salisbury, W. D. (1997). Advancing the theory of adaptive structuration: The development of a scale to measure faithfulness of appropriation. Information systems research, 8(4), 342-367.
  • Cote, S., & Morgan, L. M. (2002). Longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intention to quit. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 23(7), 947-962.
  • Daloğlu, M. (2002). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde İş Gücü Devri: İş Tatmini. Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Ayrılma İsteği Çerçevesinde Bir İnceleme, Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi SBE.
  • Delfgaauw, J. (2005). The Effect of job satisfaction on job search : not just whether, but also where. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, October, Rotterdam, Erasmus University.
  • Durmuş , S. ve Günay, O. (2007). Hemşirelerde iş doyumu ve anksiyete düzeyini etkileyen faktörler. Erciyes Tıp Dergisi, 29(2), 139–146.
  • Erdoğan, İ . (1999). İ ş letme yönetiminde örgütsel davranış . İ ş letme Fakültesi Yayını, No.5, İstanbul.
  • Falk, R. F., & Miller, N. B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press.
  • Fisher, C.D., Locke, E.A., (1992). Thenewlook in jobsatisfactionresearchandtheory. In: Smith,
  • Fisher, D. (2000). Mood and Emotions while working: Missing pieces of job satisfaction. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 21(9), 185-202.
  • Frankl, V. E. (1992). Meaning in industrial society. In International forum for logotherapy. Viktor Frankl Inst of Logotherapy.
  • Fried, Y., Levi, A. S., & Laurence, G. 2008. Job design in the new world of work. In S. Cartwright & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Oxford handbook of personnel psychology: 587-597. New York, NY: Oxford Press.
  • Ganesan, S., & Weitz, B. A. (1996). The impact of staffing policies on retail buyer job attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 31-56.
  • Gündüz Çekmecelioğlu, H. (2007). Örgüt ikliminin iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Bir araştırma.
  • Hackman, J. R., &Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied psychology, 60(2), 159.
  • Heller, D., Judge, T. A., & Watson, D. (2002). The confounding role of personality and trait affectivity in the relationship between job and life satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(7), 815-835.
  • Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta- analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1332–1356. http://dx.doi.org/10 .1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332
  • Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. 2007. Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic of the summary and theoretical extension work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1332-1356.
  • İşcan, Ö. F., ve Sayın, U. (2010). Örgütsel adalet, iş tatmini ve örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişki. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 195-216.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 356.
  • Kanungo, R. N. (1992). Alienation and empowerment: Some ethical imperatives in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(5-6), 413-422.
  • Kaşlı, M. (2011). İş özellikleri modelinin otel işletmelerinde uygulanabilirliğine yönelik bir araştırma. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 8(2), 159-174.
  • Katz, J. (1977). Cover-up and collective integrity: On the natural antagonisms of authority internal and external to organizations. Social Problems, 25(1), 3-17.
  • Koçel, T. (2001) İşletme yöneticiliği, yönetim ve organizasyon, organizasyonlarda davranış klasik-modern-çağdaş ve güncel yaklaşımlar. 8. Basım İstanbul, Beta Yayınları.
  • Loher, B. T., Noe, R. A., Moeller, N. L., & Fitzgerald, M. P. (1985). A meta-analysis of therelation of jobcharacteristicstojobsatisfaction.
  • Luthans, F., (1994), Organizational Behavior, Newyork: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
  • Mahalakshmi, V., ve Arumugam, D. N. (2015). A study on job satisfaction among the employees of city union bank in kumbakonam. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research & Development, 2(2), 430-434.
  • Maslow, A.H. (1943) A theory of humanmotivation. PsychologicalReview, 50, pp.370-396.
  • Morris, M. G., &Venkatesh, V. (2010). Job characteristics and job satisfaction: understanding the role of enterpriseresourceplanningsystemimplementation. Mis Quarterly, 143-161.
  • Cranny, P.C., Stone, C.J., (Eds.), Job Satisfaction: How People Feel about their Jobs and How it Affects their Performance Lexington Books, New York. 165-194.
  • Peterson, R. A. (2000). Constructing effective questionnaires. Chronicle Books.
  • Royal, M., & Agnew, T. 2011. The enemy of engagement: Put an end to workplace frustration and get the most from your employees. New York, NY: AMACOM.Schneider, B. ve Snyder, R. (1975). “SomeRelationshipBetweenJobSatisfactionAnd Organizational Climate”, Journal Of AppliedPsychology, Vol.60, No:3, s.318-328.
  • Shalley, C., Gdlson, L. & Blum, T. (2000), “MatchingCreativityRequuırementsAndTheWork Environment: Effects On SatisfactionAndIntentionsToLeave”, Academy Of Management Journal, Vol.43 Issue 2, Apr, 215-223.
  • Soysal, A., Öke, P., Yağar, F., & Tunç, M. (2017). Örgütsel İletişim ve İş Tatmini Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Özel Hastane Örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (37), 243.
  • Tzeng, H. M. (2002). Theinfluence of nurses’ workingmotivationandjobsatisfaction on intentiontoquit: an empiricalinvestigation in Taiwan. International journal of nursingstudies, 39(8), 867-878.
  • Unur, K., Ertaş, Ç., & Kanca, B. (2015). Turizmin sosyo-kültürel etkilerine ilişkin yapılmış araştırmaların analizi. Avrasya Uluslararası Turizm Kongresi-Güncel Konular, Eğilimler ve Göstergeler.
  • Wagner, J. A., & Hollenbeck, J. R. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Securing Competitive Advantage, Rout-ledge. New York.
  • Wegman, L. A., Hoffman, B. J., Carter, N. T., Twenge, J. M., & Guenole, N. (2018). Placing job characteristics in context: cross-temporal meta-analysis of changes in job characteristics since 1975. Journal of Management, 44(1), 352-386.
  • Yıldız, S., Savcı, G., & Hüsnü, Kapu. (2014). Motive edici faktörlerin çalışanların iş performansına ve işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 233-249.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Baykal

Ömer Erdem Koçak

Publication Date June 30, 2018
Submission Date June 4, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baykal, E., & Koçak, Ö. E. (2018). İş Özelliklerinin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi. Yönetim Ekonomi Edebiyat İslami Ve Politik Bilimler Dergisi, 3(1), 90-109. https://doi.org/10.24013/jomelips.430641

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