Research Article
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Social Support in Health Communication: Communication Between Cancer Patients and Their Relatives

Year 2026, Volume: 19 Issue: 1 , 456 - 485 , 15.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.1805951
https://izlik.org/JA26EE86HF

Abstract

Cancer is an increasingly prevalent health problem that affects many people (either as patients or their relatives). Cancer patients face challenges not only with treatment and coping with the disease, but also with communicating with their relatives. Therefore, how to communicate with cancer patients and understanding their expectations are important factors influencing the disease process. The study grounded in social support theory and it was aimed to understand the problems, feelings, expectations of cancer patients in their communication with primary social support groups in the context of health communication. A review of the literature reveals, it was observed that the majority of studies were about the patient-physician relationship and the relatives of cancer patients or caregivers of cancer patients. However, cancer affects the patient more than anyone else in the process of diagnosis, treatment and recovery. It is thought that it is more important to reveal what the patients who faces death feels, what their thinks, how words and behaviors affect them, and what their expectations are from the communication with the patient's relatives. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted using interview techniques with cancer patients who had been diagnosed with cancer and were either still undergoing treatment or had completed their treatment. The interview data were analyzed using content analysis and divided into categories-codes to obtain an in-depth insight. According to the research, it can be stated that cancer patients need to empathetic communication with their relatives and require emotional and instrumental support from their relatives.

References

  • Abdullah, E. (2011). Linking health communication with social support. In Mattson's Health as Communication Nexus. Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.
  • Aksan, A. T. and Gizir, C. A. (2017). Sağlık psikolojik danışmanlığı çerçevesinde meme kanserli kadınların yaşantıları ve psiko-sosyal gereksinimleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(3), 977- 999.
  • Alaca, C., Özdemir, Z., Ataman, G., Gökgün, E., Yıldırım, H., Öztürk, Ö., Şükür, Y. E., Öztürk, Ç., and Taşkın, S. (2024). Jinekolojik onkoloji hastalarının kemoterapinin birinci ve dördüncü kürlerindeki sosyal destek düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 7(2), 156-163.
  • Aprilianto, E., Lumadi, S. A. and Handian, F. I. (2021). Family social support and the self-esteem of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2234), 358-364.
  • Banovcinova L. and Baskova, M. (2014). Role of the family, friends and significant others in providing social support and enhancing quality of life in cancer patients. Int. Conf. Society Health. Welfare.
  • Berterö, C. M. (2000). Types and sources of social support for people afflicted with cancer. Nursing And Heath Sciences, 2, 93-101.
  • Bjørlykhauga, K. I., Karlssona, B., Hesooka, S. K., Kleppe, L. C. (2022). Social support and recovery from mental health problems: Ascoping review. Nordic Social Work Research, 12(5), 666–697.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Araştırma deseni. S. B. Demir (Çev. Edt.). Eğiten.
  • Cutrona, C., & Russell, D. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of opti-mal matching. In B. Sarason, I. Sarason and G. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319–366). Wiley.
  • Çakın, M. (2023). Kanserin psikolojisi. Akademisyen.
  • Düzen, Ö and Göktaş, S. (2021). Akciğer kanser cerrahisi geçiren ve adjuvan kemoterapi alan hastaların yaşam kaliteleri ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum, 31(3), 153-162.
  • Çokluk, F. F. (2023). Exploring social support, positive growth and coping in turkish women with breast cancer. SAÜ Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 72-89.
  • Glesne, C. (2014). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. A. Ersoy, P. Yalçınoğlu (Çev. Edt.). Anı.
  • Iannarino, N. T. (2018). “It’s my job now, I guess”: Biographical disrup-tion and communication work in supporters of young adult cancersurvivors. Communication Monographs, 85(4), 491–514.
  • Işıkhan, V. (2007). Kanser ve sosyal destek. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 18(1), 15-29.
  • Jeong, A. and An J. Y. (2017). The moderating role of social support on depression and anxiety for gastric cancer patients and their family caregivers. PLOS One, 12(12), 1-9.
  • Kaykunoğlu, M. and Tambağ, H. (2022). Ayaktan kemoterapi alan hastaların sosyal destek ve anksiyete düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED, 9(3), 429-435.
  • Kim, J., Han, J. Y., Shaw, B., Mctavish, F. and Gustafson, D. (2010). The roles of social support and coping strategies in predicting breast cancer patients’ emotional well-being. Journal Of Health Psychology, 15(4), 543–552.
  • Nausheen, B., Gidron, Y., Peveler, R. and Moss-Morris, R. (2009). Social support and cancer progression: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67(5), 403-415.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2014). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri. 2. S. Özge (Çev.). Yayın Odası.
  • Niu, Z., Bhurosy, T. and Heckman, C. (2021). Cancer survivors’ emotional well-being: roles of ınternetınformation seeking, patient-centered communication, and social support. Journal of Health Communication, 26, 514–522.
  • Özkan, S. (2007). Psiko-onkoloji. Form Reklam Hizmetleri.
  • Piroth, M.D., Draia, S., Jawad, J. A. and Piefke, M. (2022). Anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy: The role of intelligence, life history, and social support—preliminary results from a monocentric analysis. Strahlenther Onkol, 198, 388–396.
  • Ray, C. D., Iannarino, N. T., Wang, N. O., Matias, B.M., Westerman, A. W. and German, J. N. (2024). Exploring the barriers to social support interactions: A qualitative study of young adult cancer patients and young adult supporters. Health Communication, 39(12), 2707–2717.
  • Robinson, J. D. and Turner, J. (2003). Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal social support: Cancerand older adults. Health Communication, 15(2), 227–234.
  • Ross, E. K. (2010). Ölüm ve ölmek üzerine. E. Uşşaklı (Çev.). April.
  • Salafia, C., Bellizzi, K. M., Ligus, K., Fritzson, E. and Park, C. L. (2025). Perceived negative consequences of cancer and psychological distress in survivors: The moderating role of social support. J Cancer Surviv, 19, 12–20.
  • Salonen, P., Tarkka, M. T., Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P. L., Koivisto, A. M., Aalto, P. and Kaunonen, M. (2013). Effect of social support on changes in quality of life in early breast cancer patients: A longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27(2), 213-492.
  • Sebri, V., Mazzoni, D., Triberti, S. and Pravettoni, G. (2021). The impact of unsupportive social support on the injured self in breast cancer patients. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-6.
  • Segrin, C. and Domschke, T. (2011). Social support, loneliness, recuperative processes and their direct and ındirect effects on health. Health Communication, 26, 221–232.
  • Taylor, S. E., Falke, R. L., Shoptaw, S. J. and Lichtman, R. R. (1986). Social support, support groups, and the cancer patient. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(5), 608–615.
  • Yıldırım Usta, Y. (2012). Importance of social support in cancer patients. Asian Pacific Journal Of Cancer Prevention, 13, 3569-3572.
  • Yılmaz, S. and Vural, G. (2021). Determining the relationship between perceived social support levels and chemotherapy symptoms in women with gynaecological cancer. Bezmialem Science, 9(3), 326-33.
  • Zakowski, S., Sandra G., Haris, C., Krueger, N. and Laubmeier, K. K. (2003). Social barrier to emotional expression and their relations to distress in male and female cancer patients. British Journal Of Health Psychology, 8, 271-284.

Sağlık İletişiminde Sosyal Destek: Kanser Hastaları ve Hasta Yakınlarının İletişimi

Year 2026, Volume: 19 Issue: 1 , 456 - 485 , 15.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.1805951
https://izlik.org/JA26EE86HF

Abstract

Kanser, birçok insanı etkileyen (hasta veya hasta yakını olarak) giderek yaygınlaşan bir sağlık sorunudur. Kanser hastaları tedavinin zorluğu ve hastalıkla mücadelenin yanında hasta yakınlarıyla iletişim kurarken de mücadele etmek durumdadır. Bu nedenle kanser hastalarıyla nasıl iletişim kurulacağı ve kanser hastalarının beklentilerini anlamak hastalık sürecini etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biri olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sosyal destek teorisine dayandırılan bu çalışmada sağlık iletişimi bağlamında kanser hastalarının birincil sosyal destek gruplarıyla iletişiminde yaşadıkları sorunları, hissettikleri duygularını, beklentilerini anlamaya çalışmak amaçlanmıştır. Literatür tarandığında çoğunlukla hasta doktor ilişkisi ve kanser hastalarının yakınları ya da kanser hastalarına bakım verenlerle ilgili yapılan çalışmaların ağırlıklı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Hâlbuki kanser teşhis, tedavi ve iyileşme sürecinde herkesten çok bizzat hastanın kendisini etkilemektedir. Ölümle yüz yüze gelen hastaların ne hissettiği, ne düşündüğü, sözlerin ve davranışların onu nasıl etkilediği, hasta yakınlarıyla kurdukları iletişimden beklentilerinin ne olduğunu ortaya koymanın daha önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda kanser tanısı almış halen tedavisi devam eden ya da tedavisi bitmiş kişilerle yüz yüze görüşme tekniklerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşme verileri içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilerek temalara ve alt temalara ayrılarak derinlemesine bir iç görü elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya göre kanser hastalarının yakınlarıyla empatiyle iletişim kurmaya ve yakınlarından duygusal ve araçsal destek konusunda yardım almaya ihtiyaç duydukları söylenebilir.

References

  • Abdullah, E. (2011). Linking health communication with social support. In Mattson's Health as Communication Nexus. Property of Kendall Hunt Publishing Co.
  • Aksan, A. T. and Gizir, C. A. (2017). Sağlık psikolojik danışmanlığı çerçevesinde meme kanserli kadınların yaşantıları ve psiko-sosyal gereksinimleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(3), 977- 999.
  • Alaca, C., Özdemir, Z., Ataman, G., Gökgün, E., Yıldırım, H., Öztürk, Ö., Şükür, Y. E., Öztürk, Ç., and Taşkın, S. (2024). Jinekolojik onkoloji hastalarının kemoterapinin birinci ve dördüncü kürlerindeki sosyal destek düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 7(2), 156-163.
  • Aprilianto, E., Lumadi, S. A. and Handian, F. I. (2021). Family social support and the self-esteem of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2234), 358-364.
  • Banovcinova L. and Baskova, M. (2014). Role of the family, friends and significant others in providing social support and enhancing quality of life in cancer patients. Int. Conf. Society Health. Welfare.
  • Berterö, C. M. (2000). Types and sources of social support for people afflicted with cancer. Nursing And Heath Sciences, 2, 93-101.
  • Bjørlykhauga, K. I., Karlssona, B., Hesooka, S. K., Kleppe, L. C. (2022). Social support and recovery from mental health problems: Ascoping review. Nordic Social Work Research, 12(5), 666–697.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Araştırma deseni. S. B. Demir (Çev. Edt.). Eğiten.
  • Cutrona, C., & Russell, D. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of opti-mal matching. In B. Sarason, I. Sarason and G. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319–366). Wiley.
  • Çakın, M. (2023). Kanserin psikolojisi. Akademisyen.
  • Düzen, Ö and Göktaş, S. (2021). Akciğer kanser cerrahisi geçiren ve adjuvan kemoterapi alan hastaların yaşam kaliteleri ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum, 31(3), 153-162.
  • Çokluk, F. F. (2023). Exploring social support, positive growth and coping in turkish women with breast cancer. SAÜ Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 72-89.
  • Glesne, C. (2014). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. A. Ersoy, P. Yalçınoğlu (Çev. Edt.). Anı.
  • Iannarino, N. T. (2018). “It’s my job now, I guess”: Biographical disrup-tion and communication work in supporters of young adult cancersurvivors. Communication Monographs, 85(4), 491–514.
  • Işıkhan, V. (2007). Kanser ve sosyal destek. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 18(1), 15-29.
  • Jeong, A. and An J. Y. (2017). The moderating role of social support on depression and anxiety for gastric cancer patients and their family caregivers. PLOS One, 12(12), 1-9.
  • Kaykunoğlu, M. and Tambağ, H. (2022). Ayaktan kemoterapi alan hastaların sosyal destek ve anksiyete düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. CBU-SBED, 9(3), 429-435.
  • Kim, J., Han, J. Y., Shaw, B., Mctavish, F. and Gustafson, D. (2010). The roles of social support and coping strategies in predicting breast cancer patients’ emotional well-being. Journal Of Health Psychology, 15(4), 543–552.
  • Nausheen, B., Gidron, Y., Peveler, R. and Moss-Morris, R. (2009). Social support and cancer progression: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67(5), 403-415.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2014). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri. 2. S. Özge (Çev.). Yayın Odası.
  • Niu, Z., Bhurosy, T. and Heckman, C. (2021). Cancer survivors’ emotional well-being: roles of ınternetınformation seeking, patient-centered communication, and social support. Journal of Health Communication, 26, 514–522.
  • Özkan, S. (2007). Psiko-onkoloji. Form Reklam Hizmetleri.
  • Piroth, M.D., Draia, S., Jawad, J. A. and Piefke, M. (2022). Anxiety and depression in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy: The role of intelligence, life history, and social support—preliminary results from a monocentric analysis. Strahlenther Onkol, 198, 388–396.
  • Ray, C. D., Iannarino, N. T., Wang, N. O., Matias, B.M., Westerman, A. W. and German, J. N. (2024). Exploring the barriers to social support interactions: A qualitative study of young adult cancer patients and young adult supporters. Health Communication, 39(12), 2707–2717.
  • Robinson, J. D. and Turner, J. (2003). Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal social support: Cancerand older adults. Health Communication, 15(2), 227–234.
  • Ross, E. K. (2010). Ölüm ve ölmek üzerine. E. Uşşaklı (Çev.). April.
  • Salafia, C., Bellizzi, K. M., Ligus, K., Fritzson, E. and Park, C. L. (2025). Perceived negative consequences of cancer and psychological distress in survivors: The moderating role of social support. J Cancer Surviv, 19, 12–20.
  • Salonen, P., Tarkka, M. T., Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, P. L., Koivisto, A. M., Aalto, P. and Kaunonen, M. (2013). Effect of social support on changes in quality of life in early breast cancer patients: A longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27(2), 213-492.
  • Sebri, V., Mazzoni, D., Triberti, S. and Pravettoni, G. (2021). The impact of unsupportive social support on the injured self in breast cancer patients. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-6.
  • Segrin, C. and Domschke, T. (2011). Social support, loneliness, recuperative processes and their direct and ındirect effects on health. Health Communication, 26, 221–232.
  • Taylor, S. E., Falke, R. L., Shoptaw, S. J. and Lichtman, R. R. (1986). Social support, support groups, and the cancer patient. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(5), 608–615.
  • Yıldırım Usta, Y. (2012). Importance of social support in cancer patients. Asian Pacific Journal Of Cancer Prevention, 13, 3569-3572.
  • Yılmaz, S. and Vural, G. (2021). Determining the relationship between perceived social support levels and chemotherapy symptoms in women with gynaecological cancer. Bezmialem Science, 9(3), 326-33.
  • Zakowski, S., Sandra G., Haris, C., Krueger, N. and Laubmeier, K. K. (2003). Social barrier to emotional expression and their relations to distress in male and female cancer patients. British Journal Of Health Psychology, 8, 271-284.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşe Sarıtaş 0000-0003-3950-8744

Submission Date October 24, 2025
Acceptance Date February 12, 2026
Publication Date April 15, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.1805951
IZ https://izlik.org/JA26EE86HF
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sarıtaş, A. (2026). Social Support in Health Communication: Communication Between Cancer Patients and Their Relatives. Selçuk İletişim, 19(1), 456-485. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.1805951