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Abstract

The emergence and rise of the newspaper, radio, television and other mass media has enabled the development of the “fourth estate”, as an independent institution that is central to pluralist democratic processes. But, media became a part of dominant and capitalist structure over time. Also, intertwining political power and the media causes citizens to make evaluation whether fourth estate’s function fulfills. In this context, fifth estate as a new player of the media game has seen itself in the position of the fourth estate that fulfills reporting, scrutinizing, and commenting functions from a critical distance in eighteenth-century, rather than becoming a part of traditional and institutional power. However, in twenty-first century, fifth estate internet has provided the transition from print-based counter culture to cyber culture and also, online communication has revitalized and globalized the fifth estate internet which monitors mainstream media, offers alternative coverage of issues and produces alternative forms of journalism. Besides, the increasing use of the internet and digital technologies has created a space for networking individuals in ways that enables a new source of accountability in state, government and politics. In the light of these considerations, in this study, has been done a literature review, structure of internet as a social phenomenon and fifth estate as a robust concept has been examined comprehensively in order to manifest to be fifth estate has the potential in the twenty-first as important as the fourth estate has potential since the eighteenth century, even fifth estate has potential far more than fourth estate and in this context, it has been focused fifth estate notion as part of characteristics and purposes for use of internet and it has been discussed threats to this a new estate is thought that will be active and efficient in sustaining of democracy from established institutions. In conclusion, in this study, it has been represented fifth estate internet’s contributions to democracy and the basics of democratic transformation

Keywords

• Fourth estate, media, fifth estate, internet, democracy

DÖRDÜNCÜ GÜÇ MEDYADAN BEŞİNCİ GÜÇ İNTERNETE:DEMOKRATİK BİR DÖNÜŞÜM MÜ YAŞANIYOR?

Abstract

Gazetenin, radyonun, televizyonun ve diğer kitlesel medya türlerinin ortaya çıkması ve yükselişi, çoğulcu-demokratik süreçlerin merkezinde yer alan bağımsız bir kurum olarak “dördüncü gücün” gelişmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak, zaman içerisinde medya, kapitalist ve egemen yapının bir
parçası haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca, medyanın, politik iktidar ile iç içe geçmesi, yurttaşların, dördün-cü gücün işlevini yerine getirip getirmediğini sorgulamasına neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, med-ya oyununun yeni bir oyuncusu olarak beşinci güç, geleneksel ya da kurumsal gücün bir parçası
olmaktan ziyade, kendisini, on sekizinci yüzyılda, eleştirel bir mesafeyle haber verme, soruşturma ve değerlendirme işlevlerini yerine getiren dördüncü gücün konumunda görmüştür. Bununla birlikte, yirmi birinci yüzyılda, beşinci güç internet, basılı kültürden siber kültüre geçişi sağlamış ve
ayrıca, çevrimiçi iletişim; ana akım medyayı kontrol eden ya da denetleyen, alternatif içerikler sunan ve alternatif gazetecilik biçimleri üreten beşinci güç interneti hem güçlendirmiş hem de küreselleştirmiştir. Ayrıca, internetin ve dijital teknolojilerin kullanımındaki artış; devletin, hükü-metin ve siyasetin denetime açık olmasına olanak sağlayacak bir şekilde ağ oluşturan bireyler için yeni bir uzam meydana getirmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler ışığında, bu çalışmada, yirmi birinci yüzyılda beşinci gücün sahip olduğu potansiyelin, on sekizinci yüzyıldan bu yana, dördüncü gücün
sahip olduğu potansiyel kadar önemli olduğunu, hatta beşinci gücün, dördüncü güçten çok daha büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu ortaya koyabilmek için bir alanyazın taraması yapılmış, toplumsal bir olgu olarak internetin ve güçlü bir kavram olarak beşinci gücün yapısı detaylı bir
şekilde sorgulanmış ve bu bağlamda, internetin özellikleri ve kullanım amaçları kapsamında beşinci güç nosyonuna odaklanılmış ve yerleşik kurumların, demokrasinin sürdürülebilirliği nokta-sında etkin ve etkili olacağı düşünülen bu yeni güce yönelik tehditleri tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak,
bu çalışmada, beşinci güç internetin, demokrasiye katkıları ve demokratik dönüşümün esasları
ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Dördüncü güç; medya; beşinci güç; internet; demokrasi

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