AB ve Türkiye Politikaları Ekseninde Kobi'ler ve Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk

Abstract

Türkiye’nin Onuncu Kalkınma Planı’nda (2014-2018) ve Avrupa Komisyonu’nun 2020 planında KOBİ’lerin rekabet güçlerinin artırılarak ekonomik büyümeye katkısının yükseltilmesi temel stratejik hedef olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Buna göre KOBİ’lerin akıllı, sürdürülebilir ve kapsayıcı büyüme gerçekleştirmeleri, yani kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğu iş süreçlerinin parçası haline getirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma akıllı, sürdürülebilir ve kapsayıcı kalkınma ile KSS arasındaki bağları Avrupa’daki ve Türkiye’deki idari, sektörel ve akademik raporların karşılaştırmalı bir analizi ile ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. KSS hedeflerine ulaşmak için KOBİ’lerin KSS anlayışlarının, potansiyellerinin, paydaşların rollerinin ve AB hedeflerinin iyi anlaşılması gerekmektedir. KOBİ’lerin sosyal sorumluluklarının kalkınma ve ekonomik büyüme ile olan ilişkisine yönelik araştırmaların gelişmesi kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçevenin kurulması ile mümkündür. Paydaş yönetimi ve sistem kuramı yaklaşımlarını birleştiren bu kuramsal makale ile iletişim yönetimi, kamu ve işletme yönetimi disiplinlerinde geliştirilecek saha çalışmalarının önünün açılması amaçlanmaktadır. 

Keywords

• KOBİ’ler
• Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk
• AB
• Türkiye

SMEs AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE POLICIES FRAME OF THE EU AND TURKEY

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility is the voluntary actions of firms that go beyond their economic interests and legal obligations, to produce some social good The concept of corporate social responsibility, which strengthened the field of public relations in terms of both theory and practice, is usually associated with corporations. However, recent academic studies point to how important role SMEs play in corporate social responsibility practices. Behind these activities, it is possible to see the policy documents that define the strategic goal of increasing the competitiveness of SMEs and raising their contribution to economic growth in the Turkey's Tenth Development Plan (2014-2018) and the European Commission's 2020 plan. The common point of these documents is that SMEs are committed to smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. This paper, in other words, making corporate social responsibility part of the business processes, by the SMEs is essential. This study aims to examine the link between smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and corporate social responsibility, and explores the areas where communication efforts can contribute to the awareness of corporate social responsibility and its implementation in SMEs.

References

1. Agster R, Dıerks H, Frıtzsche K ve Yılmaz G (2010) Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk ve Kobi’ler. En İyi Uygulamalar, https://www.halkbank.com.tr/images/misc/english/investor_relations/press_releases/csr_andsmes.pdf, 15.02.2016.
2. Aşık G (2013) Türkiye’yi Kadınlar Büyütebilir Mi? Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı Türkiye Temsilciliğinin hazırladığı Yeni Ufuklar programı’ndan alıntı. http://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/new-horizons/new-horizons-podcasts/can-women-bring-Turkey-economic-growth.html, 20.02.2016.
3. Avrupa Komisyonu (2013) Micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises: definition and scope. Summaries of EU legislation, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=URISERV:n26026&from=EN, 17.02.2016.
4. Avrupa Komisyonu (2011) Corporate Social Responsibility: A New Definition, a New Agenda for Action, Brussels, MEMO/11/730, 2011.
5. Avrupa Komisyonu (2010) Communication from the Commission. Europe 2020. A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Brussels, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52010DC2020&from=en, 19.02.2016.
6. Avrupa Komisyonu (2008) Think Small First - A Small Business Act for Europe, COM(2008) 394 final. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52008DC0394&from=EN, 19.02.2016.
7. Avrupa Komisyonu (2007) Opportunity and Responsibility. How to help more small businesses to integrate social and environmental issues into what they do, ec.europa.eu/DocsRoom/documents/10373/.../1/.../native, 17.02.2016.
8. Avrupa Parlamentosu (2013) Regulation (Eu) No 1287/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013R1287&rid=1, 25.02.2016.

9. Brundtland G H (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development – “Our Common Future, From A/42/427, http://www.are.admin.ch/themen/nachhaltig/00266/00540/00542/index.html?lang=en&download=NHzLpZeg7t,lnp6I0NTU042l2Z6ln1ad1IZn4Z2qZpnO2Yuq2Z6gpJCDdnx6gmym162epYbg2c_JjKbNoKSn6A--, 07.09.2014.
10. Cansız M (2008) “Türkiye’de KOBİ’ler ve KOSGEB”, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Uzmanlık Tezi. Ankara.
11. Deren Van Het Hof S (2015) “Şirketler ve Topluma Karşı Sorumlulukları”, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk: Kavramlar, Uygulama ve Örnekler, Nobel Akademi Yayıncılık, Ankara, 19-80.
12. Dinçer C ve Dinçer B (2010) An investigation of Turkish small and medium-sized enterprises online CSR communication an investigation of Turkish small and medium-sized enterprises online CSR communication, Social Responsibility Journal, Vol. 6 No. 2, 197-207, DOI 10.1108/17471111011051711, 02.02.2016.
13. Dyllick T ve Hockerts K (2002) Beyond the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability, Business Strategy and the Environment, 11, 130-141.
14. European Expert Group On Corporate Social Responsibility and SMEs (2006) Opportunity and Responsibility: how to get more small businesses to integrate social and environmental issues into what they do, file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/ree_report_en%20(1).pdf, 20.01.2016.
15. Freeman R E (1984) Strategic management: A stakeholder approach, Pitman, Boston.
16. Freeman R E ve Phillips R A (2002) Stakeholder Theory: A Libertarian Defence, Business Ethics Quarterly, 12: 3, 331-349.
17. Grayson D (2006) “Inspiring Smaller Firms with the Responsible Business Mindset”, M. Epstein and K. Hansen (editor) The Accountable Corporation: Corporate Social Responsibility, Praeger, London, 279–298.
18. Göcenoğlu C ve Onan I (2008) Turkey Social Responsibility Report Baseline Report, http://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/en/home/library/poverty/corporate-social-responsibility.html, 15.11.2010.
19. Jamali D (2008) A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fresh Perspective into Theory and Practice, Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 213-231.
20. Jenkins H (2009 January) A ‘Business Opportunity’ Model of Corporate Social Responsibility For Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Business Ethics: A European Review, 18 (1), 21- 36.
21. KOSGEB (2015) 2015 - 2018 KOBI Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı, Ankara.
22. KOSGEB (2012) Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs in Turkey Country Report. Ankara, http://www.comcec.org/UserFiles/File/%C3%BClkeraporlar%C4%B1/28_isedak_%C3%BClke_rap/T %C3%BCrkiye.pdf; 17.02.2016.
23. Lee M D P (2007) A Review of the Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility: Its Evolutionary Path and the Road Ahead, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 10 No. 1, 53-73.
24. Lydenberg S D (2005) Corporations and the Public Interest: Guiding the Invisible Hand, Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, CA.
25. Martinuzzi A, Krumay B ve Pisano U (2011) Focus CSR: The New Communication of the EU Commission on CSR and National CSR Strategies and Action Plans, ESDN Quarterly Report No. 23. http://www.sd-network.eu/quarterly%20reports/report%20files/pdf/2011-December-The_New_Communication_of_the_EU_Commission_on_CSR_and_National_CSR_strategies.pdf, 12.02.2016.
26. Mazur E (2012) Green Transformation of Small Businesses: Achieving and Going Beyond Environmental Requirements", OECD Environment Working Papers, No. 47, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k92r8nmfgxp-en, 12.02.2016.
27. Metin Ş ve Arabacı Karıman R (2013) Her Alandaki Kadın İstihdamının Artırılması ve Çözüm Önerileri Komisyon Raporu, Kadın Erkek Fırsat Eşitliği Komisyonu Yayınları, No: 12.
28. Mousiolis D T, Zaridis A D, Karamanis K ve Rontogianni A (2015) Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs and MNEs. The Different Strategic Decision Making, International Conference on Strategic Innovative Marketing, IC-SIM 2014, September 1-4, 2014, Madrid, Spain.
29. Murillo D ve Lozano J M (2006) SMEs and CSR: An approach to CSR in their own words, Journal of Business Ethics, 67: 227-240.
30. Orhaner, B ve Doğan F (2011) CSR Baseline Report Turkey – 2010, http://csrturkey.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/CSR_Report_en.pdf, 25.07.2015.
31. Parker C M, Zutshi A ve Fraunholz B (2010) Online Corporate Social Responsibility Communication by Australian SMEs. A Framework for Website Analysis, 23rd Bled eConference eTrust: Implications for the Individual, Enterprises and Society June 20 - 23, 2010, Bled, Slovenia.
32. Perrini F, Russo A ve Tencati A (2007) CSR Strategies of SMEs and Large Firms. Evidence from Italy, Journal of Business Ethics, 74, 285–300. DOI 10.1007/s10551-006-9235-x
33. Roberts S, Lawson R ve Nicholls J (2006) Generating Regional-Scale Improvements in SME Corporate Responsibility Performance: Lessons from Responsibility Northwest, Journal of Business Ethics, 67, 275–286.
34. SEE 2020 (2013) South East Europe 2020: Jobs and Prosperity in European Perspective. Regional Cooperation Council, http://www.rcc.int/files/user/docs/reports/SEE2020-Strategy.pdf.
35. Spence L J ve Perrini F (2009) Practice and politics: Ethics and social responsibility in SMEs in the European Union, African Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 4 No. 2, December, 20-31.
36. Spence L J (2007) CSR and Small Business in a European Policy Context: The Five “C”s of CSR and Small Business Research Agenda 2007, Business and Society Review 112(4), 533–552.
37. T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2013) Türkiye’nin Onuncu Kalkınma Planında (2014-2018), http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Kalknma%20Planlar/Attachments/12/Onuncu%20Kalk%C4%B1nma%20Plan%C4%B1.pdf, 05.02.2016.
38. The Europe 2020 Competitiveness Report (2014) Building a More Competitive Europe. World Economic Forum: Geneva, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Europe2020_CompetitivenessReport_2014.pdf; 01.03.2016.
39. TSE (2015) Türk Standartları Enstitüsü Faaliyet Raporu 2015. https://www.tse.org.tr/tr/icerikkategori/17/2518/tse-mevzuatlari.aspx; 23.03.2016.
40. TÜIK (Ocak 2016) Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki Girişim İstatistikleri 2015, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21864; 03.03.2016.
41. TÜİK (19 Kasım 2015). Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki Girişim İstatistikleri, TUİK Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 21864, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21864; 03.03.2016.
42. UNGC – United Nations Global Compact (2013) What is the UN Global Compact? https://www.unglobalcompact.org/; 02.02.2016.
43. Willis-Ertür S ve Vader J (2015) More than Meets the Evil Eye: Business Practices and Constraints of SMEs in Turkey, Medford-Massachusetts, The Fletcher School Tufts University.