Our journal is committed to adherence to ethical principles in publishing and maintaining article quality.
The editorial board of our journal is responsible for preventing misconduct in publications. Unethical behaviors are unacceptable, and plagiarism is not tolerated under any circumstances. Authors, reviewers, and editors are fully committed to quality publishing practices and are obligated to fulfill the responsibilities outlined below. To avoid any violation of publication ethics, each article must be submitted along with a “Cover Letter” signed by all authors. Before signing the “Cover Letter,” the “Declaration” section located at the end of the letter (before the signatures) must be read carefully.

Publication and Authorship
- All submitted articles will undergo a double-blind peer review process conducted by at least two international reviewers who are experts in the subject of the article. The review process will consider criteria such as relevance, significance, originality, readability, and language. To ensure anonymity, editors prepare the review version of the submitted article by removing the title page. Authors should avoid self-citation such as “In a previous study, we (Authors et al., 2018)...” and refer to their previous work through third-person citation. If the manuscript contains identifying information, the Acknowledgments section will also be removed from the review version.
- Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts prepared by authors without complying with the journal's guidelines or that fall outside the scope and aims of the journal. Each article will be sent to at least two independent reviewers. If there is a discrepancy between the reviewer reports, a third reviewer will be assigned. Based on these evaluations, the editor will decide on the acceptance or rejection of the article.
- Authors may suggest five potential reviewers who are experts in the subject area of the article; however, the journal’s editorial board reserves the right to accept or reject suggested reviewers.
- Accepted articles will be edited by the editorial team before publication.
- Possible decisions include “accept,” “accept with minor revisions,” or “reject based on reviewer opinions or editorial decision.” Authors may be encouraged to revise and resubmit the manuscript; however, resubmission does not guarantee acceptance. Rejected manuscripts will not be considered in future review processes.
- The journal is committed to completing the peer review process. If no response is received from the invited reviewers, the editorial board may refer the article to the section editor for final decision or rejection.
- Review articles must be objective, comprehensive, and error-free.
- No research may be published in more than one publication.

Responsibilities of Authors
- Authors must certify that the manuscript is their own original work, has not been published elsewhere (excluding theses), and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. Articles submitted for publication in other journals will not be processed. In such cases, manuscripts will be automatically rejected, and all authors listed in the article will lose the right to submit and publish in our journal.
- All authors listed in the manuscript must meet authorship criteria, contribute significantly to the manuscript, and be prepared to accept public responsibility for the work. All authors must have contributed to the manuscript and reached a mutual agreement before submission. Manuscripts not meeting these conditions will not be accepted for review in our journal.
- Authors must properly cite and reference the work and/or words of other researchers if used.
- Authors must ensure a complete description of the study and provide an objective discussion of its significance.
- Authors must correct any errors identified in their work.
- All authors must have contributed significantly to the conception, design, execution, and interpretation of the reported study.
- Authors must confirm that all data presented in the manuscript are genuine and original. Authors must ensure that the original data presented in the manuscript can be clearly distinguished from those published in other scientific articles. Authors must verify that the manuscript content, including text, illustrations, and other materials, do not infringe any existing copyrights or personal rights.
- Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest to the editors.
- Authors must acknowledge all resources used in the creation of the manuscript. The article must include sufficient detail and references to allow others to replicate the study. Fabricated or inaccurate statements involving unethical behavior will not be accepted.
- Authors must report any errors or inconsistencies identified in published work to the journal editor.
- If a significant error or inconsistency is identified in published work, it is the author’s responsibility to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate in the retraction or correction of the article.
- Authors are expected to provide raw data associated with the article and be prepared to make it publicly available.
- Other authors’ works must be properly cited. Authors must reference publications that significantly influenced the structure of the reported study.

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Responsibilities of Reviewers
- Reviewers must keep all information related to the manuscript confidential and treat it as privileged information.
- Reviews should be conducted objectively, without including any personal criticism toward the author.
- Reviewers should express their opinions clearly and support them with constructive arguments.
- If reviewers detect any similarities or overlaps between the manuscript under review and any previously published work, they must inform the Editor-in-Chief or the Responsible Editor.
- Reviewers must not evaluate manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, companies, or institutions related to the manuscript.

Responsibilities of Editors
- Editors hold full authority and responsibility for accepting or rejecting a submitted manuscript.
- Editors are accountable for the content and overall quality of the publication.
- Editors must ensure the quality of manuscripts and academic integrity.
- Editors should have clear information about the sources of funding for a study.
- Editors must base their decisions solely on the importance, originality, clarity, and relevance of the manuscripts to the journal’s scope.
- Editors should not change decisions or override those of other editors without a valid reason.
- Editors must keep reviewers’ identities confidential.
- Editors must ensure that all published research materials adhere to internationally recognized ethical standards.
- Whether or not a manuscript has been published, if editors suspect misconduct, they must take action and make all reasonable efforts to resolve the issue.
- Editors must not allow conflicts of interest between staff, authors, reviewers, and editorial board members.
- Editors and publishing staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisors, and the publisher.

Research Ethics
Our journal encourages the publication of ethical and trustworthy research and requires authors to obtain all necessary permissions and approvals before publication. Clinical and experimental studies involving humans or animals that require ethics committee approval must have separate approval and this must be stated and documented in the manuscript. These permissions may include the items listed below.

Human Rights, Privacy, and Confidentiality
For articles reporting medical studies involving human participants, our journal requires authors to declare that the study was approved by an ethics committee and complied with relevant standards. Examples of relevant standards include:
- Declaration of Helsinki
- US Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects
- European Medicines Agency Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice
These standards encourage authors to take necessary steps to minimize harm to participants, prevent coercion and abuse, ensure confidentiality, and reduce risks of physical and psychological harm.
The application of privacy and confidentiality, the relative risks of participation, and participants’ reasonable expectations may vary across scientific disciplines.

Animals in Scientific Research
Research involving animals must be conducted with the same rigor as research involving humans. Our journal encourages authors to apply the 4R principles:
“4R is a widely accepted ethical framework for conducting humane scientific research involving animals:
Replacement – using non-animal methods;
Reduction – using methods that reduce the number of animals used;
Refinement – using methods that improve animal welfare;
Responsibility – recognizing laboratory animals as sentient beings and understanding one's responsibilities toward them.”
The International Council for Laboratory Animal Science has published ethical guidelines for editors and reviewers.
Our journal encourages authors to follow animal research reporting standards such as the ARRIVE guidelines. These standards specify the level of detail authors should provide, including:
- Research design and statistical analysis
- Experimental methods
- Experimental animals
- Housing and animal care
Before starting the study, authors must confirm that ethical and legal approvals have been obtained and must name the approving institution. Authors must also declare that the experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and national regulations and guidelines.
Authors must comply with Directive 2010/63/EU.
Editors may ask authors to describe how distress, suffering, and harm were prevented or minimized and confirm that animals did not suffer unnecessarily at any stage of the experiment. Authors whose studies involve injury or death of animals must justify and explain the rationale. When available, references should be included to verify that the techniques used were non-invasive. If harmless alternative techniques exist but were not used, such manuscripts will not be considered for publication.
Editors may ask reviewers to comment on the standard of experimental reporting, study design, or any aspect of the study that may raise concern. If concern arises or clarification is needed, editors may request proof of ethical approval or further information from the authors.

Publication Policy
Our journal accepts original manuscripts that have not been previously published. Review papers are limited to each issue and may be sent to reviewers after editorial review. Each manuscript is evaluated by at least two independent reviewers before a decision is made.
Manuscripts submitted to our journal are typically published within an average of 6 weeks and no more than 12 weeks. Accepted manuscripts are assigned a DOI number and made available on our website until the next issue is published.
In line with our “integration mission,” our journal accepts articles from all areas of biology. It is published electronically twice a year, in December and June.
Our journal is open access, and no fee is charged for the publication or evaluation process.