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Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley

Year 2024, , 561 - 577, 27.05.2024

Muzamil Hamid Wani Mohammad Muzamil , Jagvir Dixit Shahzad Faisal Akhtar Ali Khan

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1243151

Abstract

The physical characteristics-size (3.12 – 8.98 mm), shape (1.13 – 1.33), test weight (194.66 – 209.66 g), sphericity (0.80 – 0.81) and engineering properties- bulk density (740.33 – 772.20 kg m-3), porosity (22.13 – 30.10 %), angle of repose (42.0 – 43.66°) of commonly grown pea varieties (Arkel, PB-89 and PB-1100) were measured at 8.5 – 9.5 % moisture content to select the design parameters of working components of two row pea planter. The moisture content of the pea varieties ranged from 8.5 – 9.5 per cent. The pea planter comprised of seed hopper, metering disc, handle, furrow opener, row marker and ground wheel. The pea planter was evaluated in terms of variety (Arkel, PB – 89, PB – 1100), metering disc (cup shaped flute metering disc and grooves on periphery metering disc) and depth of seed in the seed hopper (¾, ½ and ¼ full). The optimization of the parameters through response surface methodology (RSD) using design expert 13.0 revealed that operating the pea planter with cup shaped flute metering disc (M1), variety P3 (PB-1100) at ¾th depth of seed in the seed hopper resulted in average seeding spacing of 11.37 cm, missing index 3.45%, multiple index 12.46%, quality of feed index 84.08% and rate of work 0.04 hectare per hour. At optimum condition, the efficiency of the developed prototype of two row pea planter was found to be 82.0 percent. The economic analysis through bill of material revealed the cost of the machine as Rs. 1456, operating cost of 84.20 Rs h-1, benefit cost ratio of 1.30, break-even point of 0.02 ha and pay back period of 57.77 hours. The low-cost portable pea planter can serve as the panacea to pea sowing in the hilly terrain of Kashmir valley.

Keywords

Physicomechanical Pea Moisture content Metering Sowing Kashmir

References

  • Abd El – Lattief, E. A. (2014). Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Productivity and profitability as affected by method of sowing and seeding rate under Qena environment. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 3(4):188–196.
  • Alan, O. and Ilbi, H. (2023). Effect of cutting treatment on seed yield and seed quality of dill. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(1): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1073356
  • Alwis, P. L. A. G. (2004). Design and Development of a Row Seeder For Gigelly, Kurakkan and Meneri. Proceeding of the Second academic Sessions. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka.
  • Ani, O. A., Uzoejinwa, B. B. and Anochili, N. F. (2016). Design, construction and evaluation of a vertical plate maize seed planter for gardens and small holder farmers. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 35(3):647–655.
  • Bamgboye, I. A. and Mofolasayo, S. A. (2006). Performance evaluation of two row okra planter. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR e-Journal, 8(7). Manuscript PM 06002.
  • Dhall, R. K. (2017). Pea cultivation. A Publication by center For Communication And International Linkages. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
  • Dixit, J. and Namgial, D. (2012). Anthropometry of farm workers of Kashmir region of India for equipment design. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 49(2): 8–15.
  • DOA. (2018). Vegetable Production in Kashmir – A holistic review. Directorate of Agriculture, Kashmir, Government of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Falola, A., Mukaila, R., Lawal, T. F. and Akinsuyi, M. A. (2022). Commercialization of pigeon pea production: its determinants and constraints. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(4):840-849.
  • Hore, P., Gupta, G., Deshmukh, S., Dhawale, A. and Patil, S. (2017). Modern seed sowing techniques and developing technologies. International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, 4(3): 69–72.
  • Horticultural Statistics at a Glance. (2017). A report by Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers, Welfare, Government of India.
  • Ikechukwu, A., Ibukun, B. and Ikechukwu, C. U. (2014). Design and Fabrication of a single row maize planter for garden use. Journal of Advancement in Engineering Technology, 1(2): 2348–2931.
  • Jadhav, M. L., Din, M., Nandede, B. M. and Kumar, M. (2020). Engineering properties of paddy and wheat seeds in context to design of pneumatic metering devices. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A,101: 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-019-00430-7
  • Jayan, P. R. and Kumar, V. J. F. (2004). Planter design in relation to the physical properties of seeds. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 42(1):69–71.
  • Jouki, M. and Khazaei, N. (2012). Some physical properties of rice seed. Research Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 4(13): 1846-1849.
  • Kumar, A. B., Rao, P. V. K. J. and Edokondalu, L. (2017). Physical properties of maize. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(27):0975 –3710.
  • Kumar, V., Rani, V., Jain, M. and Kumar, A. (2018). Parameter Optimization of ‘Anjul’ seed metering mechanism for okra seeds. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(3):1544 – 1550.
  • Malik, M. A., Faisal, S., Muzamil, M., Langoo, B. A., Shukla, R. M., Reshi, M., Dhekale, B. and Hussain, S. Z. (2023) A low-cost portable willow wicker peeling machine: An innovative mechanical intervention in the Wickercraft Industry of Kashmir. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 104: 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00726-9
  • Malla, U. M., Khan, A. R., Muzamil, M., Mohiuddin, M., Rashid, S., Banday, R. Z. and Kumar, R. (2022). Development and evaluation of four-row seeder for vegetable crops in the temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir. SKUAST Journal Research, 24(1):71-79. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-297X.2022.00016.2
  • Mohammad, R. S. (2010). The moisture content effect on some physical and mechanical properties of corn. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(4): 125-134.
  • Mohiuddin, M., Muzamil., Dixit, J., Faisal, S. and Khan, I. (2022). Engineering Properties of Chilli Fruit Relevant to the Design and Evaluation of Chilli Seed Extractor for Hilly Region of Kashmir Valley. Journal of Institution of Engineers, India Ser. A, 103: 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-022-00617-5
  • Mohsenin, N. N. (1986). Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials, 2nd ed. Gordon and Breach Sc. Publishers.
  • Muzamil, M., Dixit, J., Khan, J. N. and Nirbhavane, S. (2018a). Practical Manual on Ergonomics. SKUAST-K, Press.
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., De, D. and Lande S. (2013). Influence of operational parameters of windrow turner for mass production of compost. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Science, 9(1): 19-28.
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., Kumar, A. and Lande, S. (2016). Influence of moisture content, loading rate and internode position on the mechanical properties of paddy and wheat straw. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 7(2): 280-285.
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., Kumar, A. and Shukla, L. (2021). An engineering intervention to prevent paddy straw burning through insitu microbial degradation. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 102: 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-020-00490-0
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., Kumar, A., Shukla, L., Lande, S. and Saxena, A. K. (2015). Optimization of straw size, dose of compost inoculant along with engineering and microbial parameters for paddy straw degradation in shortest possible time. Journal of pure and applied Microbiology, 9(2): 453-461.
  • Muzamil, M., Wani, J., Mustafa, A., Mohiuddin, M., Mir, Aayat., Faisal, S. and Nirbhavane, S. (2018b). A low-cost divergent type apple grader for Kashmiri apples. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4): 3561-3569.
  • Oduma, O., Ede, J. C. and lgwe, J. E. (2014). Development and performance evaluation of a manually operated cowpea precision planter. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(12): 693 – 699.
  • Rabbani, M. A., Hossain, M. M., Asha, J. F. and Khan, N. A. (2016). Design and development of a low cost planter for maize establishment. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 4(1): 270–279.
  • Rashid, Z., Faisal, S., Muzamil, M., Dixit, J., Shukla, R. M. and Khan, I. (2023). Development of an innovative universal walnut cracking and separating machine for farmers and walnut industry of Kashmir Valley. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 104:355–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00718-9
  • Shah, A. A., Showkat, M., Rather, S. A., Hussain, T. and Thaploo, R. (2010). Productivity analysis of crops grown under different farming systems of Kashmir. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(2): 592–594.
  • Singh, S. (2014). Farm mechanization in hills of Uttarakhand, India – A review. Agriculture for Sustainable Development, 2(1):65–70.
  • Singh, S. and Vatsa, D. K. (2007). Development and evaluation of a light weight power tiller operated seed drill for hilly region. Ama, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa & Latin America, 38(3): 45–50.
  • Singh, S., Sahoo, D. C. and Bisht, J. K. (2017). Development and performance evaluation of manual/bullock operated multicrop planter for hilly region. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 19(1): 81–86.
  • Sonboier, K. K., Mahilang, K. K. S., Minj, P., Porte, P. and Taran, T. (2018). Some Physical properties of Green pea. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 6(1): 573–579.
  • Soyoye, B. O., Ademosun, O. C. and Agbetoye, L. A. S. (2018). Determination of some physical and mechanical properties of soyabean and maize in relation to planter design. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 20 (1):81–89.
  • Swapnil, T. V., Kasturi, M. L., Girish, P. V. and Rajkumar, P. N. (2017). Design and fabrication of seed sowing machine. International Research journal of Engineering, 4(9):2395–0072.
  • Wani, M. (2020). Development and performance evaluation of two row planter at field conditions. Unpublished M.Tech. Thesis. SKUAST-K, Shalimar, J&K, India.
  • Yasir, S. H., Liao, Q., Yu, J. and He, D. (2012). Design and test of a pneumatic precision metering device for wheat. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 14(1):16–25.

Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley

Year 2024, , 561 - 577, 27.05.2024

Muzamil Hamid Wani Mohammad Muzamil , Jagvir Dixit Shahzad Faisal Akhtar Ali Khan

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1243151

Abstract

The physical characteristics-size (3.12 – 8.98 mm), shape (1.13 – 1.33), test weight (194.66 – 209.66 g), sphericity (0.80 – 0.81) and engineering properties- bulk density (740.33 – 772.20 kg m-3), porosity (22.13 – 30.10 %), angle of repose (42.0 – 43.66°) of commonly grown pea varieties (Arkel, PB-89 and PB-1100) were measured at 8.5 – 9.5 % moisture content to select the design parameters of working components of two row pea planter. The moisture content of the pea varieties ranged from 8.5 – 9.5 per cent. The pea planter comprised of seed hopper, metering disc, handle, furrow opener, row marker and ground wheel. The pea planter was evaluated in terms of variety (Arkel, PB – 89, PB – 1100), metering disc (cup shaped flute metering disc and grooves on periphery metering disc) and depth of seed in the seed hopper (¾, ½ and ¼ full). The optimization of the parameters through response surface methodology (RSD) using design expert 13.0 revealed that operating the pea planter with cup shaped flute metering disc (M1), variety P3 (PB-1100) at ¾th depth of seed in the seed hopper resulted in average seeding spacing of 11.37 cm, missing index 3.45%, multiple index 12.46%, quality of feed index 84.08% and rate of work 0.04 hectare per hour. At optimum condition, the efficiency of the developed prototype of two row pea planter was found to be 82.0 percent. The economic analysis through bill of material revealed the cost of the machine as Rs. 1456, operating cost of 84.20 Rs h-1, benefit cost ratio of 1.30, break-even point of 0.02 ha and pay back period of 57.77 hours. The low-cost portable pea planter can serve as the panacea to pea sowing in the hilly terrain of Kashmir valley.

Keywords

Physicomechanical Pea Moisture content Metering Sowing Kashmir

References

  • Abd El – Lattief, E. A. (2014). Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Productivity and profitability as affected by method of sowing and seeding rate under Qena environment. Asian Journal of Crop Science, 3(4):188–196.
  • Alan, O. and Ilbi, H. (2023). Effect of cutting treatment on seed yield and seed quality of dill. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(1): 94-103. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1073356
  • Alwis, P. L. A. G. (2004). Design and Development of a Row Seeder For Gigelly, Kurakkan and Meneri. Proceeding of the Second academic Sessions. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka.
  • Ani, O. A., Uzoejinwa, B. B. and Anochili, N. F. (2016). Design, construction and evaluation of a vertical plate maize seed planter for gardens and small holder farmers. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 35(3):647–655.
  • Bamgboye, I. A. and Mofolasayo, S. A. (2006). Performance evaluation of two row okra planter. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR e-Journal, 8(7). Manuscript PM 06002.
  • Dhall, R. K. (2017). Pea cultivation. A Publication by center For Communication And International Linkages. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
  • Dixit, J. and Namgial, D. (2012). Anthropometry of farm workers of Kashmir region of India for equipment design. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 49(2): 8–15.
  • DOA. (2018). Vegetable Production in Kashmir – A holistic review. Directorate of Agriculture, Kashmir, Government of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Falola, A., Mukaila, R., Lawal, T. F. and Akinsuyi, M. A. (2022). Commercialization of pigeon pea production: its determinants and constraints. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(4):840-849.
  • Hore, P., Gupta, G., Deshmukh, S., Dhawale, A. and Patil, S. (2017). Modern seed sowing techniques and developing technologies. International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering, 4(3): 69–72.
  • Horticultural Statistics at a Glance. (2017). A report by Horticulture Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers, Welfare, Government of India.
  • Ikechukwu, A., Ibukun, B. and Ikechukwu, C. U. (2014). Design and Fabrication of a single row maize planter for garden use. Journal of Advancement in Engineering Technology, 1(2): 2348–2931.
  • Jadhav, M. L., Din, M., Nandede, B. M. and Kumar, M. (2020). Engineering properties of paddy and wheat seeds in context to design of pneumatic metering devices. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A,101: 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-019-00430-7
  • Jayan, P. R. and Kumar, V. J. F. (2004). Planter design in relation to the physical properties of seeds. Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 42(1):69–71.
  • Jouki, M. and Khazaei, N. (2012). Some physical properties of rice seed. Research Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 4(13): 1846-1849.
  • Kumar, A. B., Rao, P. V. K. J. and Edokondalu, L. (2017). Physical properties of maize. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9(27):0975 –3710.
  • Kumar, V., Rani, V., Jain, M. and Kumar, A. (2018). Parameter Optimization of ‘Anjul’ seed metering mechanism for okra seeds. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(3):1544 – 1550.
  • Malik, M. A., Faisal, S., Muzamil, M., Langoo, B. A., Shukla, R. M., Reshi, M., Dhekale, B. and Hussain, S. Z. (2023) A low-cost portable willow wicker peeling machine: An innovative mechanical intervention in the Wickercraft Industry of Kashmir. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 104: 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00726-9
  • Malla, U. M., Khan, A. R., Muzamil, M., Mohiuddin, M., Rashid, S., Banday, R. Z. and Kumar, R. (2022). Development and evaluation of four-row seeder for vegetable crops in the temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir. SKUAST Journal Research, 24(1):71-79. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-297X.2022.00016.2
  • Mohammad, R. S. (2010). The moisture content effect on some physical and mechanical properties of corn. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2(4): 125-134.
  • Mohiuddin, M., Muzamil., Dixit, J., Faisal, S. and Khan, I. (2022). Engineering Properties of Chilli Fruit Relevant to the Design and Evaluation of Chilli Seed Extractor for Hilly Region of Kashmir Valley. Journal of Institution of Engineers, India Ser. A, 103: 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-022-00617-5
  • Mohsenin, N. N. (1986). Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials, 2nd ed. Gordon and Breach Sc. Publishers.
  • Muzamil, M., Dixit, J., Khan, J. N. and Nirbhavane, S. (2018a). Practical Manual on Ergonomics. SKUAST-K, Press.
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., De, D. and Lande S. (2013). Influence of operational parameters of windrow turner for mass production of compost. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Science, 9(1): 19-28.
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., Kumar, A. and Lande, S. (2016). Influence of moisture content, loading rate and internode position on the mechanical properties of paddy and wheat straw. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 7(2): 280-285.
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., Kumar, A. and Shukla, L. (2021). An engineering intervention to prevent paddy straw burning through insitu microbial degradation. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 102: 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-020-00490-0
  • Muzamil, M., Mani, I., Kumar, A., Shukla, L., Lande, S. and Saxena, A. K. (2015). Optimization of straw size, dose of compost inoculant along with engineering and microbial parameters for paddy straw degradation in shortest possible time. Journal of pure and applied Microbiology, 9(2): 453-461.
  • Muzamil, M., Wani, J., Mustafa, A., Mohiuddin, M., Mir, Aayat., Faisal, S. and Nirbhavane, S. (2018b). A low-cost divergent type apple grader for Kashmiri apples. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(4): 3561-3569.
  • Oduma, O., Ede, J. C. and lgwe, J. E. (2014). Development and performance evaluation of a manually operated cowpea precision planter. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(12): 693 – 699.
  • Rabbani, M. A., Hossain, M. M., Asha, J. F. and Khan, N. A. (2016). Design and development of a low cost planter for maize establishment. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 4(1): 270–279.
  • Rashid, Z., Faisal, S., Muzamil, M., Dixit, J., Shukla, R. M. and Khan, I. (2023). Development of an innovative universal walnut cracking and separating machine for farmers and walnut industry of Kashmir Valley. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 104:355–365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00718-9
  • Shah, A. A., Showkat, M., Rather, S. A., Hussain, T. and Thaploo, R. (2010). Productivity analysis of crops grown under different farming systems of Kashmir. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(2): 592–594.
  • Singh, S. (2014). Farm mechanization in hills of Uttarakhand, India – A review. Agriculture for Sustainable Development, 2(1):65–70.
  • Singh, S. and Vatsa, D. K. (2007). Development and evaluation of a light weight power tiller operated seed drill for hilly region. Ama, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa & Latin America, 38(3): 45–50.
  • Singh, S., Sahoo, D. C. and Bisht, J. K. (2017). Development and performance evaluation of manual/bullock operated multicrop planter for hilly region. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 19(1): 81–86.
  • Sonboier, K. K., Mahilang, K. K. S., Minj, P., Porte, P. and Taran, T. (2018). Some Physical properties of Green pea. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience, 6(1): 573–579.
  • Soyoye, B. O., Ademosun, O. C. and Agbetoye, L. A. S. (2018). Determination of some physical and mechanical properties of soyabean and maize in relation to planter design. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 20 (1):81–89.
  • Swapnil, T. V., Kasturi, M. L., Girish, P. V. and Rajkumar, P. N. (2017). Design and fabrication of seed sowing machine. International Research journal of Engineering, 4(9):2395–0072.
  • Wani, M. (2020). Development and performance evaluation of two row planter at field conditions. Unpublished M.Tech. Thesis. SKUAST-K, Shalimar, J&K, India.
  • Yasir, S. H., Liao, Q., Yu, J. and He, D. (2012). Design and test of a pneumatic precision metering device for wheat. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 14(1):16–25.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Economics (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muzamil Hamid Wani This is me 0000-0002-9973-9897

Mohammad Muzamil 0000-0002-1440-2604

Jagvir Dixit This is me 0000-0002-4597-9959

Shahzad Faisal This is me 0000-0001-8034-0563

Akhtar Ali Khan This is me 0000-0002-9984-1859

Early Pub Date May 21, 2024
Publication Date May 27, 2024
Submission Date January 27, 2023
Acceptance Date March 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Wani, M. H., Muzamil, M., Dixit, J., Faisal, S., et al. (2024). Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 561-577. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1243151
AMA Wani MH, Muzamil M, Dixit J, Faisal S, Khan AA. Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley. JOTAF. May 2024;21(3):561-577. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1243151
Chicago Wani, Muzamil Hamid, Mohammad Muzamil, Jagvir Dixit, Shahzad Faisal, and Akhtar Ali Khan. “Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21, no. 3 (May 2024): 561-77. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1243151.
EndNote Wani MH, Muzamil M, Dixit J, Faisal S, Khan AA (May 1, 2024) Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21 3 561–577.
IEEE M. H. Wani, M. Muzamil, J. Dixit, S. Faisal, and A. A. Khan, “Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley”, JOTAF, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 561–577, 2024, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1243151.
ISNAD Wani, Muzamil Hamid et al. “Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21/3 (May 2024), 561-577. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1243151.
JAMA Wani MH, Muzamil M, Dixit J, Faisal S, Khan AA. Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley. JOTAF. 2024;21:561–577.
MLA Wani, Muzamil Hamid et al. “Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 3, 2024, pp. 561-77, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1243151.
Vancouver Wani MH, Muzamil M, Dixit J, Faisal S, Khan AA. Development of a Low-Cost Portable Two Row Pea Planter for the Hilly Terrain of Kashmir Valley. JOTAF. 2024;21(3):561-77.