Türkiye’de Organik Tarımın Yoğunlaşma Katsayısının Belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 58 - 73

Zeki Bayramoğlu , Kemalettin Ağızan , Süheyla Ağızan

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1367319

Abstract

Çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de organik tarımın hangi illerde kümelendiğini belirlemektir. Konum katsayısı, bölgesel yoğunlaşma ölçümlerinde en yaygın kullanılan endekslerden biridir ve belirli bir üretim faaliyetinin bir ülke/bölge/sektör içindeki uzmanlaşma derecesini veya belirli bir üretim faaliyetinin belirli bir bölgedeki göreli yoğunlaşmasını ifade eder. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında Türkiye genelinde rekabet avantajı sağlayan organik tarımın konum katsayısının belirlenmesi amaçlanmış ve bu doğrultuda konum katsayısının belirlenmesi öngörülmüştür. Konum katsayısının belirlenmesinde ekonomik performansın en iyi göstergelerinden biri olan üretim miktarı kullanılmıştır. Nitekim üretim miktarı hangi üretim faaliyetinin daha baskın olduğunu gösteren en önemli göstergedir ve hesaplanacak konum katsayısı 0 ile sonsuz (∞) arasında bir değer alır. İlgili üretim faaliyetinin 1'den büyük bir skora sahip olması, ilgili faaliyetin bölgede yoğunlaşmış/uzmanlaşmış ana üretim faaliyeti olduğunu gösterir. Ancak puanın 1'den küçük olması, faaliyetin bölgede yeterince yoğunlaşmamış/uzmanlaşmamış yerel bir faaliyet olduğunu gösterir. Analiz sonucunda, Doğu Anadolu ve Orta Anadolu organik tarım üretiminin en yoğun olduğu bölgelerdir. Organik tarım üretiminin en yoğun olduğu ilk 10 il sırasıyla Van (7), Ağrı (6), Ankara (6), Bayburt (6), Erzurum (6), Çanakkale (5), Kars (5), Muş (5), Niğde ve Sivas'tır. En yaygın olarak üretilen ürünler yonca (18), buğday (16), domates (15), elma (14), mısır (12), arpa (12), fındık (9), korunga (9), zeytin (9), yulaf (9) ve fiğdir (9). Yerelleştirilmiş ve yoğunlaştırılmış organik tarım sistemlerinin birim arazi başına yüksek gelir elde etmede, tarımsal arazi kullanımını optimize etmede ve sürdürülebilirliği sağlamada etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Ayrıca uzmanlaşmış işgücü, sektöre özgü girdiler ve ileri teknolojilerin kullanımını da sağlamaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, oluşumların verimliliği artırarak ve organik tarımın büyümesini teşvik ederek bölgenin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğini geliştireceğine inanılmaktadır. Bu da bölgenin kalkınması için önemli faydalar sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Organik tarım, Bölgesel ekonomik faaliyet, Yoğunlaşma katsayısı

Determination of Location Quotient of Organic Agriculture in Türkiye

Abstract

The main objective of the study is to determine in which provinces organic agriculture is clustered in Türkiye. Location quotient is one of the most widely used indices in regional concentration measurements and expresses the degree of specialization of a certain production activity within a country/region/sector or the relative concentration of a certain production activity in a certain region. In this direction, within the scope of the study, it is aimed to determine the location quotient of organic agriculture, which provides competitive advantage throughout Türkiye, and it is envisaged to determine the location quotient in this direction. In determining the location quotient, the amount of production, which is one of the best indicators of economic performance, was used. As a matter of fact, the amount of production is the most important indicator showing which production activity is more dominant and the location quotient to be calculated takes a value between 0 and infinity (∞). If the relevant production activity has a score greater than 1, it indicates that the activity is the main production activity that is concentrated/specialised in the region. However, if the score is less than 1, it indicates that the activity is a local one that is not sufficiently concentrated/specialised in the region. Following the analysis, Eastern Anatolia and Central Anatolia are the regions with the highest concentration of organic agriculture production. The top 10 provinces with the most concentrated organic agriculture production are Van (7), Ağrı (6), Ankara (6), Bayburt (6), Erzurum (6), Çanakkale (5), Kars (5), Muş (5), Niğde and Sivas. The most widely produced crops are alfalfa (18), wheat (16), tomato (15), apple (14), maize (12), barley (12), hazelnut (9), sainfoin (9), olive (9), oat (9) and vetch (9). Localized and intensified organic farming systems have proven effective in generating high income per unit of land, optimizing agricultural land utilization, and ensuring sustainability. They also provide specialized labour forces, sector-specific inputs, and the use of advanced technologies. Therefore, it is believed that the formations will enhance the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the region by increasing productivity and promoting the growth of organic agriculture. This will lead to significant benefits for the region's development.

Keywords

Regional economic activity, Organic agriculture, Location quotient

Ethical Statement

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

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