Research Article

To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios

Volume: 8 Number: 1 July 20, 2026

To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze Lacan’s theory of personality, including the Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real orders, with the activities of architecture design studios, which affect the character of architecture students. While design studios are a location for social interaction, participants pay less attention to the development of the personality of the students. The methodology of the research was designed to apply historical research, content analysis, and logical argument to ascertain the Lacanian theory and activities in the design studios. The research linked the process of self-development of the students in design studios with the Imaginary order of Lacan's theory in terms of self-awareness, self-ability, and self-identification. The educational context was adapted to the Symbolic orders of Lacan’s theory, which was built based on social constructs, cultural norms, and the political system. The Imaginary and Symbolic orders are associated with signifier-signified relationships, including the Imaginary as the signified and Symbolic as the signifier. The signifier signifies a significant message or meaning to the signified. The Real order was the missing part of something in terms of unattained desires. The Real order led the research to identify the unfulfilled tasks in the design studios that need to be completed by students, instructors, and institutions. In conclusion, the character of the architecture students and instructors is under development and formation in design studios. There are signifier-signified relationships between the students, instructors, and institutions in two ways: first, institutions and instructors-students as signifier-signified, and second, institutions-instructors as signifier-signified.

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References

  1. Akhtar, S. (2009). Comprehensive dictionary of psychology. London: Karnac Books Ltd.
  2. Bailly, L. (2009). Lacan: A beginner’s gide. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications.
  3. Bakel, V. A. (1995). Styles of architectural designing : empirical research on working styles and personality dispositions. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR437596
  4. Ballantyne, A. (2005). Architecture theory : a reader in philosophy and culture. London: Continuum.
  5. Begby, E. (2015). Hermeneutics and pragmatism. In J. Malpas, & H.-H. Gander, The Routledge, companion to hermeneutics (pp. 612-622). New York: Routledge.
  6. Bennan, M. (1988). All that is solid melts into air. New York: Penguin Books.
  7. Boults, E., & Sullivan, C. (2010). Illustrated history of landscape Design. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  8. Cacciari, M. (1993). Architecture and nihilism : on the philosophy of modern architecture. New York: Yale University Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Architecture (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 20, 2026

Submission Date

May 2, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 1

APA
Tafahomi, R. (2026). To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios. Journal of Design Studio, 8(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.46474/jds.1942505
AMA
1.Tafahomi R. To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios. JDS. 2026;8(1):29-51. doi:10.46474/jds.1942505
Chicago
Tafahomi, Rahman. 2026. “To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios”. Journal of Design Studio 8 (1): 29-51. https://doi.org/10.46474/jds.1942505.
EndNote
Tafahomi R (July 1, 2026) To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios. Journal of Design Studio 8 1 29–51.
IEEE
[1]R. Tafahomi, “To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios”, JDS, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 29–51, July 2026, doi: 10.46474/jds.1942505.
ISNAD
Tafahomi, Rahman. “To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios”. Journal of Design Studio 8/1 (July 1, 2026): 29-51. https://doi.org/10.46474/jds.1942505.
JAMA
1.Tafahomi R. To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios. JDS. 2026;8:29–51.
MLA
Tafahomi, Rahman. “To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios”. Journal of Design Studio, vol. 8, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 29-51, doi:10.46474/jds.1942505.
Vancouver
1.Rahman Tafahomi. To Examine Lacan’s Theory of Imaginary, Symbolic, Real Orders in Design Studios. JDS. 2026 Jul. 1;8(1):29-51. doi:10.46474/jds.1942505

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