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THE ACTORS AND DYNAMICS OF ADMINISTRATION IN ITALIAN CITY STATES AS ROOT OF MODERN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 18, 17.05.2018

Abstract

Following the collapse of the Roman Empire the Italian cities
experienced the conditions under which they undertook some administrative
responsibilities that generally were implemented by the emperor as a part of Regalian rights. In this period
administrative power of the church increased considerably and it became
prominent actor of local administration.  On the other hand, in those cities a new
manufacture oriented traders and artisans emerged as a class claimed to be the primary
actor of local administrative affairs.  The
novel economic conditions and rising administrative understanding, based upon the
priorities of the cities, facilitated the defeat of the church. Following the
elimination of the church, city councils were accepted as institution which
protected city dwellers’ benefit.  However,
the claim of city councils to be the chief actor of local administration deeply
contradicted with the traditional Regalian
rights of the kings.  In this article, the
struggle between emperor and city states, on the axis of Regalian rights and city-oriented interests, and the framework for
power sharing patterns are analyzed as an earlier form of central versus local relations.
Such an approach could be meaningful to comprehend the origin and the development
of the framework for modern central-local government relations’  patterns.

References

  • Anderson, Perry (1974). Lineages of the Absolutist State. NLB Bloch, Marc (2005). Feudal Society, Volume II. Social Classes and Political Organization. Translated from French by L.A. Manyon. Taylor and Francis e-Library. Blockmans, Wim (1989).Voracious States and Obstructing Cities. An aspect of State Formation in Preindustrial Europe. Theory and Society 18:733-755 Blockmans, Wim (1988). Alternatives to Monarchical Centralisation: The Great Tradition of Revolt in Flanders and Brabant https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/2873/351_069.pdf?sequence=1 Chittolini Giorgio (1989). Cities,”City-states,” and Regional States in North-Central Italy. Theory and Society.18: 689-706 Dente, Bruno (1985). “Center-Local Relations in Italy: The Impact of The Legal and Political Structures”. İçinde Center- Periphery Relations in Western Europe. Edited Yves Meny and Vincent Wright .George Allen, Unwin , London. Epstein, Steven (2000). Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300-1750 . Routledge. Fasano Guarini, Elena (1995). “Center and Periphery”. Edited Julius Kirshner. The Origins of The State in Italy.1300-1600. İçinde Ss.74-96. The University of Chicago Press. Jones, Philip (1997). The Italian City-State.From Commune to Signoria. Oxford University Press. Kirshner, Julius (1996).The Origins of The State in Italy.1300-1600. The University of Chicago Press. Loughlin, John (2001), “Italy: The Crisis of the Second Republic”, Subnational Democracy in the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities . Ed:John Loughlin With the collaboration of Eliseo Aja, Udo Bullmann, Frank Hendriks, Anders Lidström, Daniel Seiler. Oxford University Press ss.211-229 Machiavelli, Niccolo (2008). The Prince. Translated by James Atkinson. Hackett Publishing. Indianapolis/Cambridge Martines, Lauro (1988). Power and Imagination:City-States in Renaissance Italy. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Nicholas, David (1997). The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century. Addison Wesley Longman. Nicholas, David (1997b). The Later Medieval City 1300–1500. Taylor &Francis Parker, Geoffrey (2004). The Soverign City: The City-State Through History. Reaktion Books. Pirenne, Henry (2010). Ortaçağ Kentleri: Kökenleri ve Ticaretin Canlanması. Çeviren Şadan Karadeniz. İletişim Yayınları. Poggi, Gianfranco (2009). Çağdaş Devletin Gelişimi. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul. Reynolds, Susan (1997). Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900–1300. Second Edition. Oxford. Rose, Richard (1985). “From Government at the Centre to Nationwide Government”,Center- Periphery Relations in Western Europe ,Yves Meny and Vincent Wright .George Allen, Unwin , London. Schiera, Pierangelo (1995). “Legitimacy, Discipline and Institutions: Three Necessary Conditions for The Birth of The Modern State”. İçinde: Julius Kirshner The Origins of The State in Italy.1300-1600. Ss.11-33. The University of Chicago Press. Scott, Tom (2012). The City State in Europe,1000-1600: Hinterland, Territory, Region. Oxford University Press. Tabacco, Giovanni (2008). Northern and Central Italy in The Eleventh Century. The New Cambridge M edieval History, vol:4, pp: 72-93. Edited by David Luscombe & Jonathan Riley-Smith. Cambridge University Press. Tilly, Charles (1989). Cities and States in Europe. Theory and Society 18:563-584.,Theor Weber, Max (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Society. Editted by Gunther Roth and Claus Wittich. University of California Press. Waley, Daniel & Dean Trevor (2010). The Italian City-Republics. 4th edition. Routledge. Wickham, Chris (1981). Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400-1000. The Macmillan Press. Zariski, Raphael (1983). “The Establishment of the Kingdom of Italy as a Unitary State: A Case Study in Regime Formation” Publius, Vol. 13, No. 4 ss. 1-19.

YEREL YÖNETİMLERİN KÖKENİ BAĞLAMINDA İTALYAN ŞEHİR DEVLETLERİNDE YÖNETİM VE AKTÖRLER

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 18, 17.05.2018

Abstract

Roma İmparatorluğu’nun yıkılmasından sonra imparatorluk boşluğu olarak
adlandırılan dönemde İtalyan şehirleri uzunca bir süre şehir ölçekli
faaliyetleri kendileri yürütmüşlerdir. İmparatorluk döneminde merkezi yönetim
(imparator) tarafından yapılmakta olan bu faaliyetler genellikle yerel bağlamda
kilise tarafından yerine getirilmiştir ki bu sürecin sonunda kilise yerel
yönetim faaliyetlerinin asli aktörü haline gelmiştir. Ancak 900’lü yılların
ortalarından sonra kendilerini toparlayan şehirlerde imalat ekonomisi ve
zenaatçılar öncülüğünde yeni ekonomik dinamikler ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Uzun
bir süredir kendi ayakları üzerinde duran şehirlerde şehir aidiyeti ekseninde ortaya çıkan yönetim anlayışı şehir
ölçekli üretimin de etkisiyle oldukça güçlenmiştir. Gelinen noktada şehir
yönetiminin birincil aktörü olma bağlamında kilise ile çatışma kaçınılmaz
olmuştur ve bu çatışmanın galibi yeni ekonomik ve sosyal dinamiklerin
temsilcisi olan şehir konsülleri olmuştur. Ancak şehir konsüllerinin şehirlerin
birincil temsilcisi olma iddiası Regalyan
haklar bağlamında şehirler üzerinde idari ve vergi toplama hakları olan
imparatorlar tarafından kabul edilmemiştir. Bu makale imparator ile şehirlerin Regalyan haklar-yerel çıkarlar bağlamında
ortaya çıkan çatışmalarının sebepleri ve bu çatışmalar sonucunda şekillenen
merkez-yerel yönetim yetki paylaşım çerçevesini ve bu çerçevenin bölgesel
merkezileşme bağlamında dönüşümünü analiz ederek modern yerel yönetim-merkezi
yönetim ilişki modellerinin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Anderson, Perry (1974). Lineages of the Absolutist State. NLB Bloch, Marc (2005). Feudal Society, Volume II. Social Classes and Political Organization. Translated from French by L.A. Manyon. Taylor and Francis e-Library. Blockmans, Wim (1989).Voracious States and Obstructing Cities. An aspect of State Formation in Preindustrial Europe. Theory and Society 18:733-755 Blockmans, Wim (1988). Alternatives to Monarchical Centralisation: The Great Tradition of Revolt in Flanders and Brabant https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/2873/351_069.pdf?sequence=1 Chittolini Giorgio (1989). Cities,”City-states,” and Regional States in North-Central Italy. Theory and Society.18: 689-706 Dente, Bruno (1985). “Center-Local Relations in Italy: The Impact of The Legal and Political Structures”. İçinde Center- Periphery Relations in Western Europe. Edited Yves Meny and Vincent Wright .George Allen, Unwin , London. Epstein, Steven (2000). Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300-1750 . Routledge. Fasano Guarini, Elena (1995). “Center and Periphery”. Edited Julius Kirshner. The Origins of The State in Italy.1300-1600. İçinde Ss.74-96. The University of Chicago Press. Jones, Philip (1997). The Italian City-State.From Commune to Signoria. Oxford University Press. Kirshner, Julius (1996).The Origins of The State in Italy.1300-1600. The University of Chicago Press. Loughlin, John (2001), “Italy: The Crisis of the Second Republic”, Subnational Democracy in the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities . Ed:John Loughlin With the collaboration of Eliseo Aja, Udo Bullmann, Frank Hendriks, Anders Lidström, Daniel Seiler. Oxford University Press ss.211-229 Machiavelli, Niccolo (2008). The Prince. Translated by James Atkinson. Hackett Publishing. Indianapolis/Cambridge Martines, Lauro (1988). Power and Imagination:City-States in Renaissance Italy. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Nicholas, David (1997). The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century. Addison Wesley Longman. Nicholas, David (1997b). The Later Medieval City 1300–1500. Taylor &Francis Parker, Geoffrey (2004). The Soverign City: The City-State Through History. Reaktion Books. Pirenne, Henry (2010). Ortaçağ Kentleri: Kökenleri ve Ticaretin Canlanması. Çeviren Şadan Karadeniz. İletişim Yayınları. Poggi, Gianfranco (2009). Çağdaş Devletin Gelişimi. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul. Reynolds, Susan (1997). Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900–1300. Second Edition. Oxford. Rose, Richard (1985). “From Government at the Centre to Nationwide Government”,Center- Periphery Relations in Western Europe ,Yves Meny and Vincent Wright .George Allen, Unwin , London. Schiera, Pierangelo (1995). “Legitimacy, Discipline and Institutions: Three Necessary Conditions for The Birth of The Modern State”. İçinde: Julius Kirshner The Origins of The State in Italy.1300-1600. Ss.11-33. The University of Chicago Press. Scott, Tom (2012). The City State in Europe,1000-1600: Hinterland, Territory, Region. Oxford University Press. Tabacco, Giovanni (2008). Northern and Central Italy in The Eleventh Century. The New Cambridge M edieval History, vol:4, pp: 72-93. Edited by David Luscombe & Jonathan Riley-Smith. Cambridge University Press. Tilly, Charles (1989). Cities and States in Europe. Theory and Society 18:563-584.,Theor Weber, Max (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Society. Editted by Gunther Roth and Claus Wittich. University of California Press. Waley, Daniel & Dean Trevor (2010). The Italian City-Republics. 4th edition. Routledge. Wickham, Chris (1981). Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400-1000. The Macmillan Press. Zariski, Raphael (1983). “The Establishment of the Kingdom of Italy as a Unitary State: A Case Study in Regime Formation” Publius, Vol. 13, No. 4 ss. 1-19.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aziz Tuncer

Publication Date May 17, 2018
Submission Date March 29, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tuncer, A. (2018). YEREL YÖNETİMLERİN KÖKENİ BAĞLAMINDA İTALYAN ŞEHİR DEVLETLERİNDE YÖNETİM VE AKTÖRLER. Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies, 1(1), 1-18.