Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution

Dıckson Davıd Olodu; Francis Inegbedion; Osagie Imevbore Ihenyen

doi:10.63063/jsat.1613583

TR EN

Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution

Abstract

Smart water management systems (SWMS) leverage engineering innovations, such as IoT sensors, machine learning algorithms, and real-time monitoring, to improve water conservation and distribution efficiency. The traditional water systems, characterized by high water wastage (30%) and substantial leakage (15%), are being increasingly replaced by smarter systems that utilize IoT sensors, automated valves, and data analytics to reduce wastage, improve reliability, and increase system efficiency. In a comparison of water usage efficiency, smart systems exhibit a 40% reduction in average daily water usage, from 500,000 liters to 300,000 liters. Water leakage is reduced from 15% to 5%, and water wastage due to improper distribution decreases from 30% to 10%. Consumer satisfaction also improves, with complaints decreasing and system response times dropping from 24 hours to 2 hours. IoT sensors, such as pressure and flow rate sensors, offer high accuracy and low power consumption, ensuring reliable data transmission and energy efficiency, with a mean transmission frequency of 10-15 minutes and power consumption as low as 8 mW. Cost analysis indicates a higher initial setup cost for smart systems (₦150 million) compared to traditional ones (₦100 million), but the reduction in annual maintenance (₦2 million vs. ₦5 million) and operational costs (40% reduction) make smart systems more cost-effective over time. Energy consumption is reduced by 16%, with solar-powered IoT sensors contributing to a decrease in carbon footprint by 60%. Regression and statistical analyses confirm that water pressure uniformity, leak detection time, and daily water demand significantly influence water loss, while machine learning optimization leads to an 18% improvement in water distribution efficiency. A correlation model was developed to assess the relationship between key parameters: the correlation coefficient between leak detection time and water wastage is found to be -0.85, indicating a strong negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between pressure uniformity and system efficiency shows a value of 0.92, reflecting a strong positive relationship. These innovations collectively represent a transformative shift toward sustainable and efficient water management.

Keywords

Water Distribution, Leak Detection, Pressure Uniformity, Seasonal Consumption, Leak Density, Water Management.

Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution

Abstract

Smart water management systems (SWMS) leverage engineering innovations, such as IoT sensors, machine learning algorithms, and real-time monitoring, to improve water conservation and distribution efficiency. The traditional water systems, characterized by high water wastage (30%) and substantial leakage (15%), are being increasingly replaced by smarter systems that utilize IoT sensors, automated valves, and data analytics to reduce wastage, improve reliability, and increase system efficiency. In a comparison of water usage efficiency, smart systems exhibit a 40% reduction in average daily water usage, from 500,000 liters to 300,000 liters. Water leakage is reduced from 15% to 5%, and water wastage due to improper distribution decreases from 30% to 10%. Consumer satisfaction also improves, with complaints decreasing and system response times dropping from 24 hours to 2 hours. IoT sensors, such as pressure and flow rate sensors, offer high accuracy and low power consumption, ensuring reliable data transmission and energy efficiency, with a mean transmission frequency of 10-15 minutes and power consumption as low as 8 mW. Cost analysis indicates a higher initial setup cost for smart systems (₦150 million) compared to traditional ones (₦100 million), but the reduction in annual maintenance (₦2 million vs. ₦5 million) and operational costs (40% reduction) make smart systems more cost-effective over time. Energy consumption is reduced by 16%, with solar-powered IoT sensors contributing to a decrease in carbon footprint by 60%. Regression and statistical analyses confirm that water pressure uniformity, leak detection time, and daily water demand significantly influence water loss, while machine learning optimization leads to an 18% improvement in water distribution efficiency. A correlation model was developed to assess the relationship between key parameters: the correlation coefficient between leak detection time and water wastage is found to be 0.85, indicating a strong positive correlation. Similarly, the correlation between pressure uniformity and system efficiency shows a value of 0.92, reflecting a strong positive relationship. These innovations collectively represent a transformative shift toward sustainable and efficient water management.

Keywords

Water Distribution, Leak Detection, Pressure Uniformity, Seasonal Consumption, Leak Density, Water Management.

Supporting Institution

The authors acknowledge the following institutions for their support: Benson Idahosa University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; and University of Benin, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Production Engineering, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The authors extend their gratitude for the technical and infrastructural support provided during the research process, which significantly contributed to the successful completion of this st

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Mechatronics Engineering, Materials Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Dıckson Davıd Olodu ^*
0000-0003-3383-2543
Nigeria

Francis Inegbedion
0000-0002-2142-8079
Nigeria

Osagie Imevbore Ihenyen
0000-0003-4499-7845
Nigeria

Early Pub Date

June 26, 2025

Publication Date

June 30, 2025

Submission Date

January 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 21, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 3 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1613583

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA87AL73CM

APA

Olodu, D. D., Inegbedion, F., & Ihenyen, O. I. (2025). Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution. Journal of Studies in Advanced Technologies, 3(1), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1613583

AMA

1.Olodu DD, Inegbedion F, Ihenyen OI. Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution. JSAT. 2025;3(1):13-31. doi:10.63063/jsat.1613583

Chicago

Olodu, Dıckson Davıd, Francis Inegbedion, and Osagie Imevbore Ihenyen. 2025. “Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution”. Journal of Studies in Advanced Technologies 3 (1): 13-31. https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1613583.

EndNote

Olodu DD, Inegbedion F, Ihenyen OI (June 1, 2025) Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution. Journal of Studies in Advanced Technologies 3 1 13–31.

IEEE

[1]D. D. Olodu, F. Inegbedion, and O. I. Ihenyen, “Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution”, JSAT, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 13–31, June 2025, doi: 10.63063/jsat.1613583.

ISNAD

Olodu, Dıckson Davıd - Inegbedion, Francis - Ihenyen, Osagie Imevbore. “Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution”. Journal of Studies in Advanced Technologies 3/1 (June 1, 2025): 13-31. https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1613583.

JAMA

1.Olodu DD, Inegbedion F, Ihenyen OI. Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution. JSAT. 2025;3:13–31.

MLA

Olodu, Dıckson Davıd, et al. “Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution”. Journal of Studies in Advanced Technologies, vol. 3, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 13-31, doi:10.63063/jsat.1613583.

Vancouver

1.Dıckson Davıd Olodu, Francis Inegbedion, Osagie Imevbore Ihenyen. Smart Water Management Systems: Engineering Innovations for Water Conservation and Distribution. JSAT. 2025 Jun. 1;3(1):13-31. doi:10.63063/jsat.1613583

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